TRIGONOMENTRY

In this chapter we intend to study an important branch of We define the following six trigm11netric Ratios:
mathematics called 'trigon11Detry '. It is the science of measuring
Peipendicular y

y
.
angle of triangles, side of triangles. SIil 8=-""----=-
Hypotenuse r
Angle:-
Base x

m
cose=---­
Hypotenuse r

Pe1pendicular y
tane=_;;....___ .:....
Base ,l

de
Hypotenuse r
Consider a ray OA if this ray rotate about its end point O and cosece = ---"-'----
Peipendicular y
takes the position OB then we say that the angle L.AOB has been
generated. Hypotenuse r
Measure of an angle : The measur e of an angle is the amotmt of sec 8=
Base x
rctation from initial side to the terminal side.
Trigm11netric ratios :
ca cote =
Base
.
.t
r
The most important task oft: igmometry is to find the remaining Peipend1cular y
r
side and angle of a t iangle when sane of its side and angles are Imp01tantf11·1nula:-
given. This problem is solved by using some ratio of sides of a
tr ianglewith respect to its acute angle. These ratio of acute angle 1. cosec 8= - .-1 1
2 sece=--
r
are called t igonometric ratio of angle. Let us now define various sme cose
trigonanetric ratio. 1
a
3. cote = -- 4. sin2 8 + cos2 8 = 1
tane
5. 1 + tan2e=sec2e 6. 1 + cot2e =cosec2e
sine cose
7. tane=-- cote= --
cose sine
l

9. sec 8 + tan 8= 10. sin 28=2 sine. cos 8

sec e-tane
el

A X
11. cos 28 = cos2 e-sin2e
Cmsider an acute angle LYAX =e with initial sideAX and tenninal 1-tan 2e
2 2 =
sideAY. Draw PM peipendicular from P on AX to get right angle 12 cos 28 2 cos 8-1 1-2 sin 8 --­
= =
l+tan 2e
triangleAMP. In right angle triangle AMP
Following table gives the values of various trigonometric ratio of
w

Base = AM = x
0 °; 30 °; 45 °; 60 ° and 90 °.
Peipendicular=PM =y and
Hypoteimse=AP =r.
w
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m
y
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