YEAR 13 ENGLISH RESEARCH PROJECT -2023

NAME: JOASH PRASHITESH KRISHNA

FEMIS ID: 847873
YEAR 13Q
TEACHER: MRS PAAYAL GOUNDAR
 i

Theme

Opportunities for Empowerment

Topic

Providing Empowerment Opportunities to Avert School Dropouts in Xavier College

 ii
Thesis
School Student’s Council can be useful in reducing school dropout rates. This study looks at the
difficulties that students experience and how these difficulties have caused them to disregard the
school environment and engage in criminal activities. The paper elaborates on the inspiring ideas
and thoughts that students could exchange to help lessen this issue. The importance of education
in conquering challenges and becoming a successful person is thus demonstrated by many
students.
 iii
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my gratitude to the following people who have assisted me in compiling
this project:

• The students, who have answered the questionnaire

• My parents, for the moral support

• Mrs Ashita Sharma and Mrs Ashika Naicker, for the interview

• Mrs Paayal Goundar, my subject teacher, for her guidance.

 iv
Methodology

Data collection in research work plays a significant role in the development of any project.
Numerous methods have been employed to gather information for this report. Data collection for
this project has been carried out in the following manner:

Primary Sources

1. Personal Observation

Personal observations were made during the gender meetings and special counselling sessions
between the Principal and low achievers in the school.

2. Interview

An interview was conducted with the Vice Principal of Xavier College (Mrs Ashita Shrama) and the
Head of Department of Languages (Mrs Ashika Naicker) on 6th June, 2023. Data related to the
establishment, organisation and management of the student council was noted during the
interview.

3. Questionnaire

Ten students answered a questionnaire comprising of nine questions. The questionnaires were
distributed on 1st June and the answered questionnaires were collected by 8th June, 2023.
 v

Secondary Sources

1. Library Research

During the course of the research write-up, in-depth search had been conducted through the books
in the library. To find relevant information, textbooks have been used and these are acknowledged
in the reference section of the project.

2. Internet

To successfully compile data, adequate information had been collected from various web pages
and acknowledged in the report.
 vi
Declaration of Originality
I, Joash Prashitesh Krishna, a Year 13Q student of Xavier College hereby declare that this project
was compiled and completed by me.

Name: Joash Prashitesh Krishna

Signature: ______________

Date: 17/07/2023
 vii
Table of Contents
Number Particulars Page

1.0 Introduction 1

2.0 Investigation Results 2

2.1 School Dropout is a Major Concern 2-3

2.2 Reasons Behind Students Dropping out of School 4-5

2.3 Unlawful Actions of Teenagers after Dropping Out of School 6-7

2.4 School Initiatives for Student Empowerment 8-9

2.5 Government Strategies to Avert School Dropouts 10-11

2.5.1 Financial Support

2.5.2 Implementing Student Support Programs

2.5.3 Strengthening Infrastructure

2.5.4 Collaboration with International Partners

2.6 Student Empowerment 12-13

3.0 Conclusion 14
4.0 References 15
5.0 Appendix – Questionnaire 16-18

- Interview
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Significance of Education in One’s Life

Education plays a vital role in securing one’s future. However, the gradual increase in
school dropouts has led to the outcome of unskilled people in the society. This has
drastically affected many countries economically especially the continuous rise in inflation.
An article by R. Rumberger and S. Lim states that the United States is facing a dropout
crisis. An estimated 25 per cent of public school students who entered high school in the
fall of 2000 failed to earn a diploma four years later in 2003-2004. In some schools and
communities up to 50 percent of all entering ninth-grade students fail to graduate. Due
to their failure to complete high school, school dropouts experience a host of negative
outcomes. Compared to high school graduates, dropouts have higher rates of
unemployment, lower earnings, poorer health and higher rates of mortality, increased
dependence on public assistance, and one less likely to vote. The negative outcomes from
school dropouts generate huge social costs for the government.

Meanwhile, the Pacific Technical and Further Education (Pacific- TAFE) is working on
developing an innovative bridging pathway program that will benefit young people who
have dropped out of high school to qualify for tertiary education studies. In a statement,
the Pacific TAFE director Susan Sela said that the literacy skills session was a critical
reminder of the different information texts that may be used in the courses, their relevant
language features, and accompanying teaching strategies. The University of the South
Pacific deputy vice-chancellor and vice president (Education), Professor Jito Vanualailai,
also provided critical feedback on essential aspects of the bridging program, such as entry
requirements and timing. (The Fiji Times, 15 August 2022, by Shanelle Prasad)

Moreover, an article by C. Hjorth in 2016 showcases that in the Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries, 20 per cent of young people
end their pathway before reaching the upper secondary level, with potentially negative
consequences for both the individual and society. Mental disorders such as depression or
anxiety increase the risk of dropping out of school (dropout). However, not all mental
health issues are diagnosed or classified as mental disorders. Self-reported poor health is
documented as particularly frequent among young females and may be associated with
dropout.

Hence, as acclaimed by the researcher’s, students need the support of parents, teachers,
and the society to provide them with aid in making the right decisions. The daily
communication of students with peers and engaging themselves in learning something
new may encourage individuals from dropping out of school. Also, the initiatives from the
school and community diminish many challenges faced by the students.
 INTRODUCTION

High school graduation and dropout rates have long been used as indicators of
educational system productivity and effectiveness and of social and economic well-being.
On, 1 January 2016, the ’17 Sustainable Development Goals’ of the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development adopted by world leaders in September 2015 officially came
into face. The aim included the ‘Quality Education’ provided to children of Rwanda, as a
lot of money spent by the government in providing free primary education. However, a
substantial amount of expenditure is spent on those who drop out of school and is
considered a wastage of national resources on dropouts as they do not acquire knowledge
and skills.

Relatively, this research explores the empowering ideas that may prevent the course of
school dropout students who are not considering education as part of life and gathers the
reasons behind students who have recently dropped out of school. The report intends to
spread awareness among the wider community and schools on the initiatives provided by
the government and organizations in helping students perform well at academic levels.
The report also provides a thorough analysis of data and discussion on the support given
by Xavier College to its students after the events of natural disasters and pandemics, in
keeping students engaged in studies.

Finally, compiling this research will be an enlightening task. The steps of data collection,
data analysis, discussion, and interpretation helped in developing the research skills. The
challenging task was learning the referencing skills however, this skill aided in
understanding the theme, ‘Opportunities for Empowerment’. On the whole, this research
aims to empower students to fail to think of abandoning education.
 2.0 INVESTIGATION RESULTS

2.1 School Dropout a Major Concern

The establishment of new regulations in relation to education and child safety, led to a
rise in the involvement of students in criminal acts. The free education assistance
provided by the government of Fiji has led to a rapid change in the mindset of youths.
This leads the teenagers to believe that everything in life is taken for granted and that
the government would provide more measures to aid them in becoming successful
individuals. When comparing the livelihood of their parents, who struggled to put food on
the table and raise money to pay for school fees.

Fig 2.1 Illustration on Effects of School Dropouts on Society

Poor health
and well
being

School Dropout
Factors effecting
on societies

Participation
Rise in the
in criminal
rate of
activities
unemployment

Source: Questionnaire

The illustration in figure 2.1 above clearly highlights the consequences faced by the
society in dealing with school dropouts. When individual’s dropout of school, they often
face limited employment prospects and lower earning potential. This can lead to increased
poverty rates and reliance on government assistance programs. Moreover, unemployed
individual tends to participate in criminal acts such as kidnapping, burglary and murder,
which they may think as a source of living or to ease their problems. Hence, this leads to
the development of poor health conditions in students and brings fear into the hearts of
many students.

It can be suggested that the involvement of the students in academic work at all times
may not be the best idea. However, allowing students to learn trade skills or explore
talents in sporting events can secure their future as well.

According to Christenson and Thurlow (2016), “Preventing school dropout and promoting
successful graduation is a national concern that poses a significant challenge for schools
and educational communities working with youth at risk for school failure”. Therefore,
society can aid students and parents to overcome the financial crisis when unable to
mitigate school levies.
2.2 Reasons Behind Students Dropping Out of School

The number of students getting dropped out school is increasing daily. Students face
challenges which links to their families thus, the difficulties faced by parents affect on the
students behavior. According to Mrs A. Naicker, “Few students from needy families in
Xavier College are daily assisted by the school in providing students with quality lunch,
stationary pack and groceries” (Personal Communication, June, 6th 2023). The school
teachers and class carry out regular daily inspection on the students’ lunch and health.
Also, the students are financially assisted by the school in the preparation of school
uniforms and stationery. Other schools in Fiji provide students with sporting gears so that
children are to able train themselves at home and excel in events such as rugby and
soccer.

Fig 2.2 Illustration on Reasons for Students Being Dropped Out of School

Source: Questionnaire

The illustration in figure 2.2 shows that poverty, teenage pregnancy, unstable education
and family problems are some factors resulting in school dropouts. The questionnaires
answered showcase poverty is one of the major reasons behind students dropping out of
school. Students from low-income families are more likely to drop out of school than
students from higher-income families. This is due to several factors including the need to
work to support their families, the lack of resources available to help them succeed in
school and the stress and trauma associated with living in poverty.

A piece of advice could be addressing the needs of students for low-income families.
Schools can create organizations or conduct campaigns, earning funds which can be used
to assist poor students.

“High school dropouts are forfeiting their opportunity to pursue the American Dream “
(Jabbar, 2011). Students face difficulties in their daily lives and many are not aware of
the ways to resolve these challenges. Hence, parents and teachers are the best advice
givers and support of children’s need for education. It is the obligation of parents to bring
their children to school every day so that they can eventually stand on their feet.
2.3 Unlawful Actions of Teenagers after Dropping Out of School

When teenager’s dropout of school, there is a risk that they may engage in unlawful
actions due to various factors such as lack of supervision, limited opportunities, peer
influence or personal circumstances. According to Mrs A. Naicker, “Many students resort
to harmful acts due to peer pressure as students share mostly their feelings and ideas
with peers” (personal communication, June, 6th 2023). Even the impact of parents can
affect the nature of students, as many parents already are resorted towards violence and
their children to follow their footsteps. It’s important to note that not all teenagers who
drop out of school engage themselves in unlawful behavior and many go on to lead
successful lives.

Fig 2.3 Diagram on Unlawful Acts of Teenagers

Source: Questionnaire

The above graph shows the unlawful actions of teenagers after dropping out of school.
The being violence (50%) followed by substance abuse (25%), prostitution (15%) and
cybercrime (10%). The participation of students in criminal acts such as burglar, rape,
sexual assault and cybercrime has led to rise in juvenile arrestment cases where the
victims are as young as six years old. Peer pressure is also the reason behind the
involvement of youths in these unlawful acts.
It could be suggested that in selecting good mentorship rests on the shoulders of
teenagers. Sharing of ideas and feelings with one another helps students understand the
challengers faced between them like coping up with school work or unable to afford lunch.

“The behavior of seniors impacts the future of the juniors in the school like the cub of a
lion will eventually learn the hunting skills from its father” (Ganga, 2019). Partnering with
students who have the same mindset of becoming a successful person benefits both
parties. Even school dropouts can become a successful person and fulfill their needs only
through the support of good people around.
2.4 School Initiatives for Student Empowerment

Schools were established to allow the participation of students of any age, gender and
race, providing them with the opportunity to learn something new. Students come to
build their self-confidence, sense of self-efficiency, ability to solve problems, research
information and communicate that information and their interest in and ability to engage
with issues occurring around them. Schools in Fiji provide opportunities like leadership
roles, participation in essay competitions, sports and school clubs to aid students in
exploring new talents and aiding them create a foundation for their future ambition.
According to Mrs A. Sharma, “The school has introduced more educational activities when
compared to the past few years” (personal communication, June, 6th 2023). These
activities encourage students to participate regularly and challenges students to compete
with one another and allowing them to learn new things.

Fig 2.4 Pie chart on Initiatives for Student Empowerment in Xavier College

Source: Questionnaire

The above pie chart shows the initiatives provided by Xavier College to the students in
achieving quality education. Some initiatives are extra-curricular activities such as cadets,
soccer, essay competitions and etc., career counselling and leadership workshop which
enables the youths to learn the responsibilities governed by schools. Academic support
such as the provision of school uniforms, books and stationary allows precise engagement
of students in learning.

It can be suggested that implementing mentoring programs where ex-students or

teachers act as mentors for younger students. This initiative fosters a sense of belonging,
builds supportive relationships and provides opportunities for guidance and personal
development. Students can learn about different job opportunities from ex-students and
the subject combination they need to take to achieve that position.

According to the United Nations (2020) implementing student-led initiatives within the
school curriculum can provide valuable opportunities for students to develop leadership
skills, critical thinking abilities and a sense of ownership over their education. Therefore,
Xavier College is an institution which prioritizes and invests in initiatives that empower
students, ensuring a brighter future for both individuals and society as a whole.
2.5 Government Strategies to Avert School Dropouts

Government strategies to avert school dropouts play a crucial role in ensuring educational
success and empowering the youth. By implementing effective measures and
interventions, the government can address the underlying causes of dropout rates and
provide students with the necessary support to complete their education. During the
interview, the vice principal of Xavier College highlighted the resources provided by the
government such as stationary, sanitary pad vouchers and sports equipment which aids
students in excelling at an academic level. The government also sets up challenges for
students in achieving quality marks to get excess to national toppers scholarships (NTS)
and international scholarships as these opportunities are given to students with high
marks in Fiji Year 13 Certificate. Examination.

Fig 2.5 Illustration on Government Strategies to Avert School Dropouts

Source: Questionnaire

2.5.1 Financial Support

Government can provide financial support to economically disadvantaged families in the

form of grants or subsidies. With this support, families will have less financial stress and
will be encouraged to keep their kids in school by helping to pay for school fees, uniforms,
textbooks and other educational costs. Such an example was showcased at the starting
of the year 2023 when the government provided two hundred dollars to each child to
support them in buying school uniforms and stationaries for the new school term.

2.5.2 Implementing Student Support Programs

Government can establish programs that provide counselling, mentoring and academic
support to students at risk of dropping out. These programs can identify and address
individual challenges faced by students such as learning difficulties, socio-economic issues
or personal problems and provide the necessary support to help them stay in school.

2.5.3 Strengthening Infrastructure

Government should invest in improving school infrastructure, including classrooms,

libraries, laboratories and sanitation facilities. This can create a more conducive learning
environment, making schools more attractive to students and reducing dropout rates.

2.5.4 Collaboration with International Partners

Government can seek support from international organizations, NGOs and donor agencies
to access resources, expertise and best practices in addressing school dropout rates.
Collaborative efforts can lead to more effective and sustainable solutions.

It is important for the government to develop comprehensive strategies that combine

multiple approaches to tackle school strategies to avert school dropouts is crucial for
ensuring that all children have access to quality education and the opportunity to succeed
in their academic pursuits.
2.6 Student Empowerment

Due to the increase in the involvement of students in social media platforms, there has
been a decrease in the value of education leading to a rise in school dropouts. According
to Mrs A. Naicker, “Student empowerment means providing adequate knowledge and
skills to learners “(personal communication, June, 6th 2023). Allowing students to engage
with the new world of technology provides them early access to online courses and
become active participants in their education journey

Fig 2.6 Illustration on Aspects of Student Empowerment

Source: Questionnaire

Fig 2.6 shows the key aspects of student empowerment which is common in Xavier
College. Developing essential skills such as critical thinking, problem-solving,
communication and self-reflection is truly seen in Xavier College as students participate
in science battle competitions, team mathematics and essay competition. This empowers
them to navigate and succeed in various aspects of their lives.

It can be suggested that by promoting student empowerment, educational institutions

aim to create a learning environment that nurtures students’ potential, fosters their
growth and prepares them to be active.

As stated by Mrs A. Sharma, “We see empowerment as a multi-dimensional social process

that help people gain control over their own lives. It is a process that fosters power in
people for use in their own lives, their communities and in their society by acting on
issues that they define as important. Student empowerment is an essential component
of education which prepares students to become lifelong learners, capable of making
meaningful contributions to society” (personal communication, June 6th, 2023).
 3.0 CONCLUSION

From the survey conducted, the issue of school dropout is a matter of great concern that
requires immediate attention and comprehensive actions. Various factors contribute to
students leaving school prematurely, such as financial constraints, lack of parental
support and disengagement from the educational system. Unfortunately, when teenagers
dropout they may resort to unlawful actions, putting their future at risk and posing a
potential threat to society. To address this issue effectively, it is crucial for students to
implement initiatives that empower students and foster their engagement in the learning
process. Additionally, the government should develop and implement strategies that aim
to prevent school dropouts and provide the necessary support to students at risk.

Ultimately, the student council gives students a voice in decision-making. The members
of the student council can ensure that the school is meeting the needs of students. For
instance, in Xavier College, the Head Boy and Head Girl with the assistance of other
patrols look into the affairs of students such as their behavior with other students or
hearing the needs of students which they later approach to the school principal. By
working together schools, government and communities can create a system that
empowers students and helps them reach their full potential.
 4.0 REFERENCES

Chapman. K & Kienzi. D, (2007). Components of School Dropouts.

https://schooldropout.ejournal.web.id

Christenson, S & Thurlow, M. (2016). School dropout in Central America: An Overview

of Trends, Causes, Consequences, and Promising Interventions. World Printing
Press.

Ganga, D. (2019). Challenges to School Success and the Role of Adverse Childhood
Experiences. Academic Pediatrics, 19(8), 899-907.

Jabbar, K. (2011). Dropout Prevention and Intervention Programs Campbell Systematic

Reviews, 7(1), 1-61.

Rumberger. R & Lim.S, (2018). Difficulties Faced by Students to Graduate. Sydney

Printing Press

United Nations, (2020). Sustainable Development Goals.

https://en.unesco.org/sustainabledevelopmentgoals
 5.0 APPENDIX 1

Xavier College

Fiji Year 13 English Research Project

Questionnaire

Theme: Opportunities for Empowerment

Topic: Providing Empowerment Opportunities to Avert School Dropouts at Xavier College

Name: ________________ Gender: _______________

1) What is empowerment?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

2) Are student dropouts common in your school?

Yes No
3) What do you think is the reason behind students getting dropped out of school?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

4) What initiatives does Xavier College provide for students to empower themselves?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

5) How does dropping out of school affect the community and school?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

6) Does your school have counselors to support students?

Yes No
7) What unlawful actions do teenagers tend to participate in after dropping out of
school?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
 8) List some ways the government can prevent school dropouts.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

9) How can you empower your peers who feel like dropping out of school?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
 APPENDIX 2

Xavier College

Fiji Year 13 English Research Project

Interview

Theme: Opportunities for Empowerment

Name: ________________

1) What is student empowerment?

2) What can be some reasons behind the increase in student dropout?
3) What are some signs that you notice in students, showing the possibility of those
students being at risk of dropping out?
4) What are some initiatives provided by the school to empower students in achieving
quality education?
5) Describe how these initiatives provided by Xavier College are implemented for
students.
6) What measures do you take to track and monitor students' progress and
attendance to ensure early identification of potential dropout risk?
7) As a teacher, what do you think are some reasons behind students resorting to
unlawful acts as part of their life after dropping out of school?
8) How do you involve parents or guardians in the efforts to prevent school dropouts?
What kind of support is provided?
9) How does the school collaborate with the government and NGOs in reducing school
dropouts in Xavier College?