CHAPTER 3: MECHANICAL TESTING resonant vibration

 fatigue testing
fatigue – metal break fails when
mechanical testing- measure the response of subjected to repeated stress even
metals to mechanical forces -> predict field though it is less than the static tensile
performance strength
 classifications of cyclic stresses
o reason
 low and high stress
developing design data - engineering (R > 0)
components  zero stress and tensile
stress (R = 0)
maintaining quality control - check or qualify  unequal tensile and
products compression stress
assisting in alloy development programs - (R < 0)
comparison tool  equal tensile and
compression stress
providing data in failure analysis - check quality (R = -1)
of material  toughness testing
applying mechanical forces  notched bar impact test
 charpy - horizontal
o methods  izod - vertical
 tension  nil ductility transition
 compression temperature test
 shear Induce stress  fracture toughness testing
 torsion
static - slowly that is it negligible
 flexure
 tensile test
strain
 ductility test
 elastic  compression test
 plastic  torsion test
o test conditions  hardness test
 scratching hardness test
test temperature - low, ambient and elevated
 rebound hardness test
test environment - air, seawater (if corrosive)  indentation hardness test

selection of test specimens - often exhibit

anisotropy
things to note:
preparation of test specimens - 3mm (sheared
 selection of test specimen is a key
faces & 6mm (flame-/plasma-cut faces)
consideration because metals often
o rate of application exhibit anisotropy (directional effects)
 low damping capacity, high internal
dynamic - continuous or repeatedly
friction – transmit vibrations through
 damping capacity test the atoms
 high damping capacity, low internal
friction – absorb vibrations and convert
it into heat
 gray cast iron has the highest damping
capacity
 resonant vibration - object is vibrated at
its natural frequency, causing it to
vibrate strongly. It's like pushing a swing
at just the right rhythm to make it swing
higher and higher.
 Ferrous alloys have clear fatigue limit
but nonferrous don’t.
 Fatigue behavior of nonferrous is
expressed in fatigue curve or S-N curve
 If there is fatigue strength, there is a
clear fatigue limit
 If a material is subjected to reversed
bending conditions, the stress level
where it can withstand infinite number
of cycle (fatigue limit) is 50% of tensile
strength. For nonferrous, its 30% of
tensile strength.
 There’s a big difference in fatigue test
results between polished sample and
rough component since the surface can
affect the result.
