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A. SRCC - Proposal On Distinguished Speakers Forum
A. SRCC - Proposal On Distinguished Speakers Forum
A. SRCC - Proposal On Distinguished Speakers Forum
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1. SRCC’s Proposal on Distinguished Speakers Forum under the theme
Developing and Disseminating Knowledge, Research and Competencies on
Economic History and Economic Thoughts of India: Ancient Perspectives
in Collaboration with Ministry of Culture, Government of India
1.1 Introduction
India has a wealthy past both in terms of tangible resources and intangible
capabilities and was famously known as the golden bird. It was known for its rich
cultural heritage and some of the world’s most prominent educational institutions.
Over countless decades and centuries, the invaders exploited the resources to their
advantage. At the stroke of independence in 1947, we were left backwards with one
of the poorest economies of the world at that time. The richness of erstwhile India,
the status of the golden bird, and the sacred intellectual space that India occupied
have only textual value for the present generation.
Through this proposal an attempt will be made to take a retrospective view of
economic ideas expressed in ancient treatises including but not limited to Vedas,
Upanishads, the two epics Ramayana and Mahabharata, Kautilya’s Arthashastra,
Shukracharya’s Nitisara and a few others. This multi-millennial old economic idea is
expected to give direction for the centennial march of the Indian economy. It would
not only offer inspiration but draw on the eternal principles for sustainable economic
growth and the welfare of the citizens. It is also expected to provide deep,
unexplored and fascinating insights into the economic history and economic
thoughts of ancient India.
1.2 Backdrop
India has a rich and diverse economic history that spans thousands of years. It was
one of the largest economies in the world for about two and a half millennia, starting
from around the end of 1st millennium BC and ending around the beginning of
British rule in India. It had a rich and diverse trade network with various regions
and civilizations coupled with a sophisticated economic system that was based on
agriculture, industry, commerce, taxation, coinage, banking, and urbanization.
Ancient India was connected to other regions of Asia, Africa and Europe through
land and sea routes that facilitated cultural exchange and commerce. Some of the
famous trade networks were the Silk Road, the Spice Route and the Indian Ocean
Trade. It produced many goods that were in high demand in other markets such as
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spices, textiles, gems, ivory, metals and medicines. Ancient India also imported
goods such as horses, silk, gold, silver and wine from other countries.
Ancient Indian economic thought was influenced by various religious and
philosophical traditions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Kautilya's
Arthashastra. The Vedas, the Upanishads, the Epics - Ramayana and Mahabharata,
Smritis and Niti Shastras particularly those of Manu and Shukra are the sources of
information that are available for the study of ancient Indian economic thinking. The
Arthasastra and the Manusmriti are the two ancient Indian works that are
considered to be the most well-known today. The 'Arthasastra,' written by Kautilya,
is often regarded as the most authoritative source on the economic theory of ancient
India. It dealt with topics such as ethics, welfare, justice, property rights, market
regulation, public finance, and international relations. It also developed various
systems of governance and administration that regulated economic activities and
ensured social welfare. Some of these systems were based on religious laws
(dharma), royal edicts (shasana), customary practices (achara) and local assemblies
(sabha).
Rig-Veda is the world's oldest religious text that is still in use today. It contains 1028
hymns, 10,600 verses, and ten books, which are known as mandalas (Klostermaier,
1984; Kurtz, 2015). There are a number of hymns that deal with issues pertaining to
material wealth, including pricing, haggling, and taxation. Hymn 112 of Book IX
(Griffiths, 1886) of the Rig-Veda, for instance, explains how we pursue our needs
and desires and our wealth. To paraphrase in short, it reads:
“We all have diverse hopes and plans. We strive for wealth in different ways.
We follow our desires like cows follow one after the other. A frog looks forward
to a flood, an arrow-smith seeks someone who will pay him in gold, a
craftsman seeks something that is to be restored, and a priest seeks
worshippers.”
Isha Upanishad, which is also known as Chapter 40 of the Yajur-Veda, captures the
dialectics that exist between the life of a householder and the life of a spiritual
seeker. While it does discuss the unity of the individual soul and the universal soul,
it also places a strong emphasis on the fact that in order to live a life of one hundred
years, one must fulfill their responsibilities at home. It also emphasizes the
importance of property rights by stating that one should not take the wealth of
others without their permission (Bokare, 2009).
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In the language of contemporary economics, the alleviation of poverty is referred to
as a "merit good," which is a source of market failure because, if left to its own
devices, the private sector is likely to underprovide for it. Nearly every ancient
Indian text, beginning with the RigVeda, explains giving to those who are less
fortunate. For instance, in Hymn 117 of Book X of the Rig-Veda, it is stated that God
has not ordained starvation as a means of death. Even a person who is well-fed can
meet their end in a variety of ways, and riches can come to her with the turn of a
cartwheel; consequently, those who are wealthy should give alms to the poor so that
they can become their friends in times of future difficulty (Deodhar, 2018).
The Bhagwadgita (Telang, 1882), or simply Gita, which forms part of the Bhishma
Parva (Book VI) of Mahabharata goes a step further. It describes right and wrong
forms of daana (charity) in Hymns 17.20 through 17.22. Charity must be without any
expectation of return and this is defined as saatvikam (pure/good).
From 1 CE all the way through the next two millennia up to 1700 CE, all the large-
scale industries like mining, metallurgy, textiles, arts, and crafts flourished in India.
They boosted trade to such an extent that India held about 1/4th of the world’s GDP
(Gross Domestic Product). The evidence that Angus Maddison presented, which
was later published by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD), demonstrated that India had been the economic powerhouse
of the world for a period of two thousand years. After that, during the dominion of
the British, India's share of the world's GDP dropped significantly.
Paul Kennedy, a prominent contemporary economist, wrote a book titled "The Rise
and Fall of the Great Powers" in which he highlighted India's preeminent position in
the global marketplace regarding trade. He makes the observation that "India's part
in world trade, which was a fairly healthy 25 percent of the total world trade, abruptly
decreased to a decimal percentage in a span of 200 years," which was the period of time
that India was under the rule of the British. Further to add, Prof. David
Clingingsmith and Prof. Jeffrey G. Williamson, of the Harvard University in their
work, India’s De-industrialization in the 18th and 19th century, mention the impact
of 200 years of British colonial rule in India. They wrote, “India was a major player in
the world export market for textiles in the early 18th century, but by the middle of the 19th
century, it had lost all its export market and much of its domestic market. While India
produced about 25 percent of the world’s industrial output in 1750, this figure had fallen to
only 2 percent in 1900.”
1.3 Mughal and British
Based on the taxation system during the Mughal Empire in 1601, Moosvi, (2000)
calculated GNP of 1595. The distribution of GNP is estimated in the following
manner. Primary sector - 66 percent (Agriculture 50 percent), Secondary sector - 11
percent, and Tertiary sector - 23 percent. This data is different from what is
suggested by Maddison (1971). It is because Moosvi (2000) estimated the product of
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primary sector with value-added by rural manufacturers accounting for 68 percent
as against 48 percent suggested by Maddison. For the period (1901-10) after around 3
centuries show (as estimated by Sivasubramonian, 2000) similar composition of
Primary (64 percent), Seconday (13 percent), and the Tertiary (23 percent) sector.
This shows as if the nature and composition of the economic activities was left
unaffected throughout, yet there are evidences of huge trade activities for the period.
The agricultural sector has been the most prominent sector for workers in India.
India was a great manufacturer and agricultural country until the 18 th century.
Indian looms and local handicrafts were abundantly supplied in the Asian and
European markets. However, selfish economic and political policies of British rulers
ruined the dazzling lustre of Indian manufacturing (for details see Roy, 1999), and
agriculture market (Maddison, 1971; Roy 1999). This led to a drastic decline in the
old handicrafts industry without modernising Indian industry (Desai, 1968; Kaushal,
1979). Its consequences were quite reflective in terms of employment generation in
this sector.
They directly hammered the existing social traditions by intentionally introducing
European test in clothes, shoes, imported beer, wines and many other products. All
this typically had the biggest impact on the people, which wantonly destroyed the
economic demand of locally produced products.
As per the estimations done by Maddison (1971), around 75 percent of the domestic
demand for luxury handicrafts was strategically destroyed. The market of these
small manufacturing was 5 per cent of the national income during the Mughal time
the and export market was per cent of the national income, most of which was also
lost.
The second terrific blow to the Indian Industry came from massive imports of cheap
textiles from England (Morris, 1963). Maddison (1971) estimated that from 1896 to
1913, 65 percent of the Indian clothes consumption was imported supply, and hence
home spinning, which was spare time activity of village women, drastically reduced.
They also followed the economic policy of free trade, as a result of which, British
imports became duty-free (no custom duty on imports). In the 1880s, Indian custom
revenues were only 2.2 per cent of the trade turnover, which was the lowest ratio in
any country (Maddison, 1971). As a result of such anti export inducive policies, the
growth of exports could not grow much. As depicted in Table 1, during the period
of 1850-1950, the exports from other Asian countries like China, Indonesia and Japan
grew much faster than India. The fastest growth was in Japan (by more than 800
times) whereas India was slowest (around 13 times) among these countries.
Table 1. Export Figures of some of the Asian Countries 1850-1950 (in USD Million)
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Country/Year 1850 1913 1937 1950
India was the first country in Asia to have a modern textile industry, almost 20 years
before Japan and 40 years before China. Its cotton, and jute mills started in 1851 and
1854, in Bombay and around Calcutta (now known as Kolkata), respectively
(Maddison, 1971). During the last half century of British rule, factory establishments
gained the momentum of growth in terms of job creation and value addition as
shown in Table 2. Although it was not the same in case of small-scale enterprises.
The study of ancient Indian economic theories offers a more in-depth understanding
of India's culture, tradition, and the innate national qualities that are possessed by
the country. It will take a retrospective view of economic ideas expressed in ancient
treatises including but not limited to Vedas, Upanishads, the two epics Ramayana
and Mahabharata, Kautilya’s Arthashastra, Shukracharya’s Nitisara and a few
others. The Distinguished Speakers Forum on the multi-millennial old economic
ideas is expected to give direction for the centennial march of the Indian economy. It
would not only offer inspiration but draw on the eternal principles for sustainable
economic growth and welfare of the citizens.
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1.4 Objectives of the Proposal
Given the immense importance of the subject matter of the India’s economic
thoughts, philosophy, wisdom, history and tradition, and the relative lack of
awareness and acknowledgement of the same, Shri Ram College of Commerce
aspires to have a leadership role in creating and sustaining awareness, appreciation
and discussions on the rich glory of India's diverse Economic History, Wisdom and
Tradition. With this overarching vision, the present proposal seeks to establish a
Memorandum of Understanding between Shri Ram College of Commerce and the
Ministry of Culture towards developing and disseminating knowledge, research and
related competencies on Economic History and Thoughts of India: Ancient
Perspectives. The objectives of the proposal are:
1. To foster a deep cultural appreciation for India's rich Economic History, Wisdom
and Tradition in academia, students and the general public.
2. To develop knowledge and research repositories on Indian Economic History
and ancient Indian economic wisdom.
3. To create self-sustaining platforms for discourse and discussions on Indian
Economic History and ancient Indian economic wisdom.
4. To build research acumen and competencies amongst researchers and
academicians and build a research reference hub on Indian Economic History
and ancient Indian Economic Wisdom.
5. To create and propagate teaching-learning approaches and methodologies
amongst teachers towards the delivery of content on India’s ancient economic
ideas and history.
6. To harness the potentialities of cooperation and collaboration at local, national
and international level with schools, higher education institutions and policy
makers towards ideation and generation on the subject matter.
7. To engage communities, especially local communities, to create awareness
towards India’s ancient economic ideals, wisdom, history and tradition.
1.5. Funding Required
The College seeks Rs. 32.70 Lakhs for the Distinguished Speakers Forum. The amount may
be mutually decided post-deliberations after in-principle approval of the proposal.
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One College of Commerce in India by renowned surveys such as India Today’s Best
Colleges Survey, Week Hansa, Outlook ICare and the Open Magazine amongst
others. SRCC was accredited with ‘A+’ grade in the first cycle of assessment and
accreditation in 2016 and ‘A++’ in the second cycle in 2022 by National Assessment
and Accreditation Council (NAAC). It is ranked 12 th in the stream of ‘Colleges’ in
India Rankings 2022 by National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF).
With a Vision of being “A College of Global Choice” driven by a Mission of “Achieving
and Sustaining excellence in teaching and research, and enriching local, national and
international communities through the research, the skills of alumni, and the publishing of
academic and educational materials”, Shri Ram College of Commerce aims at the
integration of the highest standards of quality in every aspect of its institutional
functioning from imparting education to the development of the nation.
Over ninety years of an ever-evolving existence has enabled the College to specialise
and excel extensively in the knowledge, application, value, principle, ethical, and
society-oriented delivery of the discipline of commerce, economics and
management. As an enlightened institution of academic excellence, the College is
devoted to enlarging, enhancing and enriching the horizons of academic,
professional, personal and social growth of the global academic community and
simultaneously engaging in broadening the scope of its institutional, social and,
national outreach. In recent years, the College has expansively donned the role of
academic institutional leadership and is enriching communities with its academic
and research expertise. The College has several tie-ups and collaborations with
eminent national and international institutions of higher education from countries
such as USA, UK, Holland, Japan, Bhutan and Sri Lanka amongst others. In addition,
the College has exponentially expanded its research, training and consultancy profile
as under:
Training Programme for Indian Corporate Law Service Academy (ICLS
Academy), Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA), Ministry of Corporate
Affairs (MCA), Government of India.
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newly promoted Junior Time Scale (JTS) officers of ICLS. Initially, four training
modules were developed and delivered namely Introductory Accounting, Advanced
Accounting, Advanced Auditing and, Financial Derivatives. Based on the positive
feedback, additional modules titled, Corporate Financing and Valuation and,
Economics of Public Policy, were added in 2020.
SRCC signed a MoU of training and development with the RBI Academy in
March, 2019. Under this MoU, faculty members from Shri Ram College of
Commerce conducted a training programme for Grade B and Grade C officers of
Reserve Bank of India at RBI Academy, RBI, Mumbai on the fundamentals on
Microeconomics.
The College was awarded two National Resource Centres (NRCs), one in
Commerce and second in Economics, by the Ministry of Education, Government
of India under the Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya National Mission on Teachers
and Training (PMMMNMTT) in the year 2019-20.
Committed to enhance the broader academic community as dictated by the
institutional mission, the NRCs serve congruent objectives of providing
academicians exposure to the developments in the field of commerce and
economics while also focussing on certain aspects of research methods and the
methodologies, techniques and approaches for managing classroom environment
and pedagogy. Both the NRC’s have completed two runs of their respective
Refreshers Courses for their respective disciplines under the Annual Refresher
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Programme in Teaching (ARPIT) scheme primarily meant for faculty members in
Higher Education Institutions across India and research scholars commencement.
For NRC-Commerce, there have been a total of 10419 registrations since
inception (6833 in the first run and 3586 in the re- run) and for NRC-Economics,
there have been a total of 7978 registrations since inception (5844 in the first run
and 2134 in the re-run). The registration profile for these programmes was
diverse with participations from eight countries such as India, Ghana, United
States, United Arab Emirates, Australia, Bangladesh, Mexico, and Uganda. The
participant profile from national registrations is also quite diverse with
individuals participating from different Universities and States in India.
In addition, two YouTube Channels titled, “ARPIT National Resource Centre
SRCC” and “ARPIT Refresher Course in Commerce SRCC” were created for
larger community reach. As of date, there are about 3,000 subscribers with almost
3 Lakhs views on the videos uploaded through these channels.
SRCC was awarded a Research Project titled “Competition and Regulatory issues
related to Taxi and Cab Aggregator Industry: with special reference to Surge Pricing and
Algorithmic Collusion in the Indian Context” in April 2019 from the Competition
Commission of India (CCI). The broad objective of the study was to analyze the
competition and regulatory issues pertaining to Online Cab Aggregators (CAs),
particularly their policies pertaining to surge pricing. The study will assist the
Competition Commission of India in appreciating the competitive dynamics in
markets and will form a useful basis for proposing appropriate policy
recommendations if any.
The research project entailed primary data collection from four cities including
two Tier-I and two Tier-II cities. Statistical and Econometric techniques were
applied upon to understand efficiencies pertaining to “Surge Pricing” specifically
and issues pertaining to “Algorithmic Collusion”. The report of the project has
been accepted by CCI in 2020 and is available in public domain.
In view of highly positive response and appreciation to the first phase of the
research project, Shri Ram College of Commerce has been further commissioned
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to undertake the Second Phase of the Market Research Project titled ‘Competition
and Regulatory Issues related to Taxi and Cab Aggregator Industry with special reference
to Surge Pricing and Algorithmic Collusion in the Indian Context’, by the Competition
Commission of India, Government of India.
The Second Phase of the study comprises obtaining inputs from Cab
Aggregators, representatives of traditional taxi industry, and transport
authorities on matters pertaining to surge pricing and algorithmic collusion both
through formal questionnaires and in-person/virtual meetings. The research
output of the Second Phase will help to further build-on the findings of the First
Phase, which primarily focussed on users and driver partners of the Cab
Aggregators platforms and make the analysis more comprehensive by way of
incorporation of viewpoints of all relevant stakeholders of the Cab Aggregators
industry.
Research Project with Delhi School of Economics under the aegis of Ministry
of Finance and Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India.
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latest updated software and hardware In addition to the National Resource Centres,
the College has the following academic resources and infrastructure:
● Fully Modernised SRCC Library: The SRCC Library is a two storey centrally air-
conditioned and Wi-Fi enabled modern library with seating capacity for about
300 readers divided between two floors. The SRCC library employs the latest
technology in library sciences to provide the best learning environment to its
users. Well-stocked with a collection of over eighty thousand books on different
subjects, latest publications in the fields of business, economics, and social
sciences are continuously added to the collection. The College Library is fully
automated and provides online user services. Students and Faculty of the College
can access the book system in the Library through its Online Public Access
Catalogue (OPAC). The Library subscribes to over eighty journals of national and
international repute.
● Best-In-Class College Auditorium: The College Auditorium named as
“Shridhar Shriram Auditorium” is amongst the best-in-class with a seating
capacity over 550, including seating on the balcony. In addition to being
differently-abled friendly, the modernized SRCC Auditorium has facilities such
as in-built hi- tech sound and lighting systems, congenial acoustic systems, live
streaming, Wi-Fi enabled presentation facility, automated projection, partition
and modern Green Rooms.
● Dedicated Seminar Room: The College has a State-of-the-Art air-conditioned
Platinum Jubilee Seminar Room with a seating capacity of about hundred people
equipped with audio-visual systems and recording facilities. The Seminar Room
is used for hosting important co-curricular and extra-curricular events such as
guest lectures, group discussion, international programmes, speaker sessions,
seminars and symposia amongst others.
● Media Lab: The College has also set up a State of the Art sound-proof AV Media
Lab consisting of modern multimedia capabilities where online lectures can be
recorded, edited and stored.
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A. Introduction
Under the MoU proposed between Shri Ram College of Commerce and the Ministry
of Culture (MoC), Government of India, a Distinguished Speakers Forum on “The
Economic History and Economic Thoughts of India: Ancient Perspectives” is planned
under the aegis of the proposed Centre for Indian Economic History, SRCC. The
broad objective of this Distinguished Speakers Forum is to foster a deep cultural
appreciation for India's rich Economic History, Wisdom and Tradition since Ancient
Times in academia, students and the general public and to reinvigorate research,
discussion and discourse in Indian Economic History and ancient Indian economic
wisdom.
B. Broad Structure
The Distinguished Speakers Forum is envisaged as a platform for exchanging ideas,
research, and experience on the themes of Ancient Indian Economic History and
Ancient Indian economic wisdom. Therefore, Distinguished Speakers Forum will
have prominent researchers, distinguished academicians and renowned
personalities from India and aboard. A Tentative List of Speakers are given below
and remains contingent to the availability of the speakers/invitees.
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Yazdani Osnabrück History.Uconn.Edu/Faculty-
By-Name/Kaveh-Yazdani/
#:~:Text=Kaveh%20yazdani
%20was%20born
%20in,2014%20(Summa
%20cum%20laude)
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CVProfMahendra.pdf
15 Prof. R. Ramakumar Professor TISS https://tiss.edu/view/9/
employee/ramakumar-r/
16 Prof. R.Nagaraj Professor, IGIDR http://www.igidr.ac.in/
images/stories/fac_cv/cv-
nagraj.pdf
17 Prof. Rakesh Mohan Former, deputy Governor, RBI https://iihs.co.in/about/board-
founding-members/rakesh-
mohan/#:~:text=Mohan%20and
%20was%20a
%20former,International
%20Monetary%20Fund%20(IMF).
18 Prof. Deepak Prof Emeritus, JNU https://www.deepak-
Nayyar nayyar.com/
19 Prof. Charan Singh Former senior economist, IMF https://egrowfoundation.org/
team/charan-singh/
20 Prof. Manoj Panda Professor Institute of https://cwp-india.org/?
(IEG) Economic Growth cpt_team=prof-manoj-panda
21 Prof. Roopa Chanda Professor IIM-B https://www.iimb.ac.in/
profile/13
22 Dr. Harsha V. Singh Former Deputy Director General, https://ikdhvaj.com/staff/
WTO
23 Dr. V. Anantha CEA, GoI https://www.linkedin.com/in/
Nageswaran v-anantha-nageswaran-
37a588225/?
originalSubdomain=sg
24 Dr. Srinivas Goli Associate Professor in http://www.srinivasgoli.com/
Demography at the
International Institute for
Population Sciences, Mumbai.
25 Prof. Arup Mitra Professor, SAU http://www.sau.int/faculty/
faculty-profile.html?staff_id=89
26 Prof. Achin Professor, Institute of https://idsk.edu.in/achin-
Chakraborthy Development Studies Kolkata chakraborty/
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Travel Arrangement 6 10,000 60,000
Honorarium 6 25,000 1,50,000
Mementos 6 10,000 60,000
Total Expenditure on Invited International
13,20,000
Speakers/Contributors
B. Expenditure on Invited National Speaker/Contributors
Air Travel (Round Trip) 10 30,000 3,00,000
REFERENCES
Bokare, M. (2009). Hindu Economics, 2nd edition, Pune: Dr. M.G. Bokare Memorial
Foundation.
Desai, T. (1968). Theeconomic history of India under British rule. Mumbai: Vora & Co.
https://doi.org/10.1177/001946466800500401
Griffiths, R. (1886). Hymns of the Rigveda, Internet Sacred Text Achieve, Book 9,
Hymn 112; and, Book IV, Hymn 24, accessed from
http://www.sacredtexts.com/hin/rigveda/, on 3/7/2017
Kaushal, G. (1979). Economic history of India 1757 to 1966. New Delhi: Kalyani
Publishers.
Maddison, A. (1971). Class structure and economic growth: India and Pakistan since
Moghuls. London: Routledge.
Page 17 of 18
Moosvi, S. (2000). Indian Economic Experiences from 1600-1900: A quantitative
study. In; Panikkar, K.N., Byres, T.J. and Patnaik, U. (eds). The Making of History
Essays presented to Irfan Habib. New Delhi; Tulika Publication.
Telang, K. (1882). The Bhagwadgita, Internet Sacred Text Achieve, accessed from
http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/sbe08/index.htm, on 5/7/2017. Also see,
American Geeta Society translation at
http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/gita/agsgita.htm, for clear numbering of the
Hymns 4.13 and 18.41 to 18.44
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