1. What is the typical compound composition of 10.

How is the final cement product typically

Type I Portland Cement according to ASTM C150? shipped?
A. C3S, C2S, C3A, C4 A. In bulk or paper bags
B. C4, C3A, C2S, C3S B. In glass containers
C. C2S, C3S, C4, C3A C. In plastic bottles
D. C3A, C4, C3S, C2S D. In wooden crates

2. What is the primary role of magnesium in cement 11. At what temperature are limestone, clay,
production? bauxite, and iron ores heated in a kiln to form
A. Strengthens cement cement clinkers?
B. Provides color A. 2,770°F
C. Reduces setting time B. 1,400°C
D. Makes cement unsound C. 3,000°F
D. 1,000°C
3. What are the main phases present in
non-hydrated Portland cement? 12. Which organization primarily uses the ASTM
A. C3S, C2S, C3A, C4AF C150 standard for classifying Portland cement?
B. Alumina, Silica, Lime, Iron Oxide A. European Union
C. Magnesia, Gypsum, Calcium Sulphate, Silica B. United Nations
D. C2SiO2, Tri-calcium silicate, Dicalcium silicate, C. American Society for Testing and Materials
Iron Oxide D. World Health Organization

4. Which step involves the use of explosives to 13. Which mineral compound is added at the final
obtain limestone and shale for cement production? stage of cement manufacturing to increase setting?
A. Grinding A. Magnesia
B. Quarrying, Dredging, and Digging B. Gypsum
C. Hydration C. Alumina
D. Manufacturing of Cement D. Silica

5. What is the primary function of alumina in 14. What color should cement ideally appear in the
cement manufacturing? field to indicate good quality?
A. Increases clinkering temperature A. Greenish-grey
B. Gives color to cement B. White
C. Supports quick setting C. Reddish-brown
D. Lowers strength D. Yellowish

6. Why is silica added in the manufacturing of 15. How can one check the quality of cement by
cement? touch in the field?
A. To reduce setting time A. By feeling warmth
B. To increase strength B. By feeling coolness
C. To give color C. By feeling rough texture
D. To form dicalcium silicate and tri-calcium silicate D. By feeling stickiness

7. What is the purpose of adding gypsum at the 16. What should happen when a handful of cement
final stage of cement production? is thrown into a bucket of water to indicate good
A. To reduce setting time quality?
B. To increase strength A. It sinks immediately
C. To give color B. It floats at first and then sinks
D. To increase setting time C. It dissolves completely
D. It remains on the surface
8. What is the primary purpose of cement kilns in 17. Which test is performed to determine the
the manufacturing process? fineness of cement?
A. To produce clinker A. Consistency Test
B. To regulate setting time B. Setting Time Test
C. To package the final product C. Fineness Test
D. To form calcium silicates D. Strength Test

9. What is the product of the finish grinding stage of 18. What is the purpose of the Consistency Test for
cement production? cement?
A. Sand-like clinker A. To determine color quality
B. Flour-like clinker B. To measure the setting time
C. Gypsum mixture C. To find the water quantity for standard paste
D. Cement clinkers D. To assess the strength development
19. What is the Initial Setting Time of Cement 27. What does the term 'bleeding water' refer to in
based on? concrete?
A. The time water is added to cement until a needle A. Separation of coarse particles
fails to pierce the test block B. Settlement of fine particles
B. The time water is added to cement until a needle C. Rising of water to the surface
makes an impression on the test block D. Loss of moisture during curing
C. The time cement paste starts losing consistency
D. The time cement paste reaches standard 28. Which type of vibration in concrete involves the
consistency use of vibrating tables?
A. Internal Vibration
20. Why is it important for cement to neither set too B. External Vibration
rapidly nor too slowly? C. Vibrating Tables
A. To increase shrinkage and cracking of concrete D. All of the above
B. To allow insufficient time for concrete placement
C. To avoid delays in structure use due to 29. What is the purpose of curing concrete?
inadequate strength A. To increase workability
D. To speed up the hardening process B. To prevent segregation
C. To create a suitable environment for hardening
21. What does the Setting Time Test of cement D. To reduce the water content
primarily measure?
A. The gain in mechanical strength 30. What is the main constituent responsible for the
B. The time for stiffening of cement paste hardening of concrete?
C. The chemical reaction with water A. Coarse aggregate
D. The color change of cement B. Fine aggregate
C. Binder (cement)
22. What is the Final Setting Time of Cement D. Water
defined by?
A. The time water is added to cement until a needle 31. Which type of concrete is designed to be
fails to pierce the test block pumpable with a relatively high slump?
B. The time water is added to cement until a needle A. Underwater concreting
makes an impression on the test block B. Pumped concrete
C. The time cement paste starts losing consistency C. Hardened concrete
D. The time cement paste reaches standard D. Fresh concrete
consistency
32. What is the term used to describe the
23. What is the Vicat apparatus used for in the separation of constituent materials in a
context of cement testing? heterogeneous concrete mixture?
A. To measure the color quality of cement A. Workability
B. To determine the setting time of cement paste B. Segregation
C. To assess the strength of concrete C. Bleeding water
D. To analyze the chemical composition of cement D. Laitance

24. What does the selection of W/C (water-cement) 33. What is the primary factor affecting the
ratio in concrete mix depend on? consistency of concrete due to its impact on the
A. Aggregate size ability to flow?
B. Mixing water content A. Water content
C. Compressive strength requirement B. Maximum size of aggregate
D. Gravel content C. Grading of aggregates
D. Shape and texture of aggregates
25. Which test is used to measure the density ratio
of concrete? 34. What factor(s) should be considered when
A. Slump Test choosing the maximum aggregate size (MAS) for
B. Compacting Factor Test concrete construction?
C. Flow Table Test A. Economy only
D. Kelly Ball Test B. Availability of material only
C. Grading requirement only
26. What is the main purpose of compaction in D. Economy, availability of material, and grading
concrete? requirement
A. To increase water content
B. To eliminate entrapped air 35. How is the water content in concrete mix
C. To reduce workability determined according to ACI211.1?
D. To accelerate curing A. By carrying out tests
B. By estimating air content
C. By referring to TableM3
D. By checking aggregate moisture 41. Which characteristic of fresh concrete should
be tested during a trial mix using the slump cone
36. What is the term used to describe the ease with test?
which concrete mixes can be compacted? A. Cohesiveness
A. Workability B. Finishing properties
B. Segregation C. Air content
C. Bleeding water D. Workability
D. Laitance 42. What should be used to determine the dry bulk
volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of
37. What does the calculation of cement content concrete?
(C) in concrete mix primarily depend on? A. TableM2
A. Gravel content B. TableM3
B. Sand content C. TableM4
C. Mixing water requirement and W/C ratio D. TableM5
D. Aggregate moisture adjustment
43. In a job specification for a beam project, what is
38. Which method is indispensable for the specified compressive strength at 28 days?
testing/checking the estimated proportions of a A. 2000 psi
concrete mix? B. 2500 psi
A. Weight method C. 3000 psi
B. Absolute volume method D. 3500 psi
C. Trial mix
D. Aggregate moisture adjustment 44. What is the principal binding material of modern
times?
39. How is the average compressive strength (f'cr) A. Sil
of concrete calculated when data on standard B. Lime
deviation is available? C. Alumina
A. f'cr=f'c+1.34S D. Cement
B. f'cr=f'c+2.33S−500
C. f'cr=f'c+2.33S−3.5 45. Which component of cement gives strength to
D. f'cr=f'c+1.5S the material?
A. Alumina
40. What is the purpose of adjustment for B. Iron Oxide
aggregate moisture in concrete calculations? C. Silica
A. To increase workability D. Magnesia
B. To reduce density
C. To assume aggregates are in SSD condition 46. What is the function of iron oxide in cement?
D. To enhance compressive strength A. Gives color
B. Increases setting time
C. Reduces strength
D. Provides hardness
1. A 25. B

2. D 26. B

3. A 27. C

4. B 28. C

5. C 29. C

6. D 30. C

7. D 31. B

8. D 32. B

9. B 33. A

10. A 34. D

11. A 35. A

12. C 36. A

13. B 37. C

14. A 38. C

15. B 39. A

16. B 40. C

17. C 41. D

18. C 42. D

19. A 43. C

20. C 44. D

21. B 45. C

22. B 46. A

23. B

24. C
1. Workability of concrete refers to the ease with
which concrete mixes can be compacted. 14. The estimate of water and air content in
A. True concrete mix depends solely on the water content
B. False requirements.
A. True
2. Adding water to a concrete mix decreases B. False
workability but increases strength.
A. True 15. Selection of water-cement ratio (W/C) can be
B. False determined by carrying out tests or using previously
established relations.
3. The Slump Test is used to measure the density A. True
ratio of concrete. B. False
A. True
B. False 16. The calculation of cement content in concrete
mix is not influenced by mixing water requirement
4. Segregation in concrete can occur due to the or W/C ratio.
separation of coarse particles settling more than A. True
fine particles. B. False
A. True
B. False 17. Estimating gravel content (G) in concrete
involves considering the dry bulk volume of coarse
5. Bleeding in concrete refers to water rising to the aggregate per unit volume of concrete.
surface of freshly placed concrete. A. True
A. True B. False
B. False
18. The adjustment for aggregate moisture in
6. Laitance is a strong layer that forms on the concrete calculations assumes that the aggregates
surface of concrete after curing. are in a saturated surface dry (SSD) condition.
A. True A. True
B. False B. False

7. Compaction of concrete involves the elimination 19. Trial mix in concrete design is essential for
of entrapped air through ramming or vibration. testing workability, cohesiveness, finishing
A. True properties, air content, yield, and density.
B. False A. True
B. False
8. Internal Vibration is a type of vibration used in
the compaction of concrete. 20. The method of determining average
A. True compressive strength in concrete involves using
B. False specific formulas if data on consecutive strength
tests is available.
9. Curing of concrete involves creating a suitable A. True
environment for a period of time to aid in the B. False
hardening process.
A. True 21. In mix proportioning for a project with specified
B. False characteristics, the maximum aggregate size is 1/3
of the depth of slabs.
A. True
10. Pumped concrete is designed to be B. False
non-pumpable with a low slump value.
A. True 22. The first estimate of density of fresh concrete
B. False according to ACI 211.1 is provided in TableM6.
A. True
B. False
11. Underwater concreting is a technique used for
concreting in dry conditions. 23. Cement is a binding material that cannot bind
A. True other substances together.
B. False A. True
B. False

12. Hardened concrete consists of binder, coarse 24. Silica in excess causes cement to set quickly.
aggregate, fine aggregate, water, and optional A. True
additives. B. False
A. True
B. False 25. Alumina supports quick setting of cement.
A. True
B. False
13. According to ACI 211.1, the choice of maximum
aggregate size should always be less than 1/5 of 26. Iron oxide gives color to cement.
the narrowest dimension between the sides of the A. True
form. B. False
A. True
B. False 27. Magnesia in excess makes the cement
unsound.
A. True 43. Over a billion tonnes of cement are made per
B. False year.
A. True
28. Gypsum is added at the final stage of cement B. False
manufacturing to slow down the setting process.
A. True 44. Improvement of kiln efficiency has not been a
B. False central concern of cement manufacturing
technology.
29. Portland cement is not commonly used in A. True
concrete and mortar. B. False
A. True
B. False 45. Portland cement is formed at low temperatures
in the cement kiln.
30. Hydrated cement paste has simple hydration A. True
products with distinct formulas. B. False
A. True
B. False 46. Hydrated cement paste has complex hydration
products with overlapping formulas.
31. The production of cement involves quarrying, A. True
grinding, and baking processes. B. False
A. True
B. False 47. Cement kilns are only used for the manufacture
of Portland cement.
32. Quarrying of limestone and shale involves the A. True
use of explosives to blast rocks from the ground. B. False
A. True
B. False 48. Over a billion tonnes of cement are made per
year.
33. Lime forms nearly two-thirds of cement. A. True
A. True B. False
B. False
49. Improvement of kiln efficiency has not been a
34. Silica gives strength to cement. central concern of cement manufacturing
A. True technology.
B. False A. True
B. False
35. Alumina in excess increases the strength of
cement. 50. Clinker is the final product ready for marketing.
A. True A. True
B. False B. False

36. Iron oxide does not contribute to the hardness 51. The primary grinders leave the clinker ground to
and strength of cement. the fineness of sand.
A. True A. True
B. False B. False

37. Magnesia helps in giving color to cement. 52. Packaging/Shipping of cement products can be
A. True done in bulk or strong paper bags.
B. False A. True
B. False
38. Clinkering temperature is lowered by alumina.
A. True 53. Clinkers are heat processing elements of
B. False cement formed in a kiln.
39. Calcium sulfate is added to increase the setting A. True
of cement. B. False
A. True
B. False 54. ASTM C150 and EN197 are the two major
standards used for the classification of Portland
40. Portland cement is formed at low temperatures cement.
in the cement kiln. A. True
A. True B. False
B. False
55. Type I Portland Cement is commonly used for
41. Hydrated cement paste has complex hydration construction in contact with soils or groundwater.
products with overlapping formulas. A. True
A. True B. False
B. False
56. The compound composition of Type I Portland
42. Cement kilns are only used for the manufacture Cement includes 55% C3S.
of Portland cement. A. True
A. True B. False
B. False
57. According to the content, one way to check the A. True
quality of cement is by observing a greenish-grey B. False1. True
color. 2. False
A. True 3. False
B. False 4. True
5. True
58. A handful of cement thrown in a bucket of water 6. False
should sink immediately according to the quality 7. True
test mentioned. 8. True
A. True 9. True
B. False 10. False
11. False
59. The fineness of cement can be tested using 12. True
sieve analysis as described in the content. 13. True
A. True 14. False
B. False 15. True
16. False
60. The consistency test of cement is performed to 17. True
determine the amount of water needed to achieve 18. True
standard consistency. 19. True
A. True 20. True
B. False 21. False
22. True
61. Setting time test of cement includes both initial 23. False
setting time and final setting time as crucial 24. False
parameters. 25. True
A. True 26. True
B. False 27. True
28. False
62. According to the content, setting time and 29. False
hardening of cement are interchangeable terms. 30. False
A. True 31. True
B. False 32. True
33. True
63. The Vicat apparatus is used to perform the 34. True
consistency test of cement. 35. False
A. True 36. False
B. False 37. True
38. True
64. Finer cements tend to increase shrinkage and 39. True
cracking of concrete according to the content. 40. False
A. True 41. True
B. False 42. False
43. True
65. The residue in the fineness test of cement 44. False
should not exceed 10 percent by weight of the 45. False
cement sample. 46. True
A. True 47. False
B. False 48. True
49. False
66. According to the content, the final setting time 50. False
of cement is when a needle makes an impression 51. True
on the test block surface. 52. True
53. True
54. True
55. False
56. True
57. True
58. False
59. True
60. True
61. True
62. False
63. True
64. True
65. True
66. True
1. What is the term used to describe the ability of
concrete to flow easily for transportation,
placement, and finishing without segregation?
2. What test is used to measure the density ratio of
actual recorded density to the density of fully
compacted concrete?
3. What phenomenon in concrete refers to the
separation of constituent materials in a
heterogeneous mixture, leading to non-uniform
distribution?
4. What is the name of the weak, friable layer that
appears on the surface of concrete and
sand-cement screeds after curing?
5. What process in concrete construction involves
the elimination of entrapped air through methods
like ramming or vibration?
6. What is the primary purpose of curing concrete?
7. What type of concrete is designed to be
pumpable with a relatively high slump?
8. What special technique is used for concreting
underwater, particularly with the Tremie Method?
9. What are the essential ingredients in hardened
concrete, including the binder, coarse aggregate,
fine aggregate, water, and optional additives?
10. What factors should be considered when
choosing the maximum aggregate size for concrete
mix design?
11. How can the water/cement (W/C) ratio
requirement for a specific compressive strength be
determined?
12. Why is the estimation of gravel content
important in concrete mix design?
13. What methods can be used for estimating the
sand content in concrete mix design?
14. Why is adjustment for aggregate moisture
important in concrete mix design calculations?
15. What properties should a trial mix be tested for
in concrete mix design?
16. How can the average compressive strength be
determined when data on standard deviation is
available?
17. What are the modification factors for standard
deviation when data on standard deviation is not
available?
18. What are the material characteristics provided
for a specific job specification in the content?
19. What is the principal binding material of
modern?
20. Which component of cement gives strength to
the cement?
21. What is the function of alumina in cement
manufacturing?
22. What is the role of iron oxide in cement?
23. Why is gypsum added at the final stage of
cement manufacturing?
24. What are the four main phases present in the
clinker of Portland cement?
25. What is the process of quarrying limestone and
shale accomplished by?
26. What is the next step after quarrying in the
production of cement?
27. What is the temperature at which the four main
compounds in cement are formed in the cement
kiln?
28. What are the hydration products formed in
hardened cement pastes called?
29. What is the main purpose of cement kilns in the
manufacturing process of Portland and hydraulic
cement?
30. What is the solid material produced by the
cement kiln stage that typically forms into lumps or
nodules?
31. What is added to the cooled clinker during the
finish grinding stage to regulate the setting time of
the cement?
32. How is the final cement product usually shipped
in terms of packaging?
33. At what temperature are limestone, clay,
bauxite, and iron ores heated in a rotating kiln to
form cement clinkers?
34. What are the two major standards used for the
classification of Portland cement?
35. Which type of Portland cement is commonly
used for general construction and
precast/prestressed concrete not in contact with
soils or groundwater?
36. What are the typical compound compositions of
Type I Portland Cement?
37. What color should cement be in the field to
check its quality?
38. How can one check the smoothness of
cement?
39. What should happen when a handful of cement
is thrown in a bucket of water to indicate good
quality?
40. How is the fineness of cement tested?
41. What is the purpose of the consistency test for
cement?
42. What is the initial setting time of cement?
43. What is the final setting time of cement?
44. Why is it important for cement to neither set too
rapidly nor too slowly?
45. How is setting time of cement related to
hardening?
46. What does the initial setting time of cement
indicate?
1. Workability 36. 55% (C3S), 19% (C2S), 10% (C3A), 7% (C4)

2. Compacting Factor Test 37. greenish grey

3. Segregation 38. rubbing it between fingers

4. Laitance
5. Compaction of Concrete
6. The creation of an environment for a period of
time to ensure proper hardening
7. Pumped Concrete
8. Underwater Concreting
9. Binder (cement), coarse aggregate (gravel), fine
aggregate (sand), water, and optional additives
10. economy, availability of material, grading
requirement
11. previously established relations, carrying out
tests
12. affects cracking, shrinkage, and durability of
concrete
13. weight method, absolute volume method
14. assumed aggregates are in SSD condition
15. workability, cohesiveness, finishing properties,
air content, yield and density
39. float at first and then go under water after a few
seconds
40. sieve analysis, residue should not exceed 10%
by weight of the cement sample
41. to determine the quantity of water required to
produce a cement paste of standard or normal
consistency
42. the time between adding water to the cement
and the needle failing to pierce the test block by
about 5mm
43. the time between adding water to the cement
and the needle making an impression on the test
block while failing to attach
44. insufficient time for transportation and
placement or undue delay in work
45. setting time is the time for stiffening of cement
paste to a defined consistency, while hardening
refers to the gain in mechanical strength
46. when the paste starts losing its plasticity

16. f’cr=f'c+1.34S, f’cr=f'c+2.33S−500,

f’cr=f'c+2.33S−3.5 (if S and f’ are in MPa)

17. not provided in the content

18. Cement: Bulk Specific Gravity - 3.15, Sand:

Bulk Density - 2.6, Gravel: Bulk Density - 2.7,
Dry-rodded Unit Weight - 95, Fineness Modulus -
2.8

19. cement

20. silica

21. set quickly, lower clinkering temperature

22. give color, provide hardness and strength

23. increase setting of cement

24. C3S, C2S, C3A, C4AF

25. using explosives to blast the rocks from the

ground

26. grinding

27. 1,450°C

28. complicated

29. pyroprocessing stage

30. clinker

31. gypsum

32. bulk or strong paper bags

33. 2,770°Fahrenheit (1,400°Celsius)

34. ASTM C150 and EN 197

35. Type I Portland Cement