Science Assertion and Reason

Chapter - 1
Chemical Reactions and Equations

( Assertion and Reasoning Questions )
Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions
selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Q.1. Assertion (A) : Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is an example of exothermic
reactions.
Reason (R) : Exothermic reaction are those reactions in which heat is evolved.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : When HCl is added to zinc granules, a chemical reaction occurs.
Reason (R) : Evolution of a gas and change in colour indicate that the chemical reaction is taking place.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : Calcium carbonate when heated gives calcium oxide and water.
Reason (R) : On heating calcium carbonate, decomposition reaction takes place.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Brown fumes are produced when lead nitrate is heated.
Reason (R) : Nitrogen dioxide gas is produced as a by product due to the decomposition of lead nitrate.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight.

Reason (R) : Decomposition of silver chloride in presence of sunlight takes place to form silver metal and
chlorine gas.
Q.6. Assertion (A): Pungent smelling gas is produced when sulphur burns in air.
Reason (R) : Sulphur trioxide is formed on reaction of sulphur with oxygen.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : In a reaction of copper with oxygen, copper serves as a reducing agent.
Reason (R) : The substance which gains oxygen in a chemical reaction acts as a
reducing agent.
Q.8. Assertion (A) : In electrolysis of water, the volume of hydrogen liberated is twice the volume
of oxygen formed.
Reason (R) : Water (H,0) has hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2 by volume.
Q.9. Assertion (A): Corrosion of iron is commonly known as rusting.

Reason (R) : Corrosion of iron occurs in presence of water and air.
Q.10. Assertion (A) : The balancing of chemical equations is based on law of conservation of mass.
Reason (R) : Total mass of reactants is equal to total mass of products.
Q.11. Assertion (A): In a balanced chemical equation, total mass of the reactants is equal to the
total mass of the products.
Reason (R): Mass can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical change.
Q.12. Assertion (A): Iron articles are painted so as to prevent them from rusting.
Reason (R) : When the surface of iron is coated with paint, its surface does not come in contact with oxygen
and moisture therefore rusting does not take place.
Q.13. Assertion (A) : Chemical reaction changes the physical and chemical state of a substance.
Reason (R) : When electric current is passed through water (liquid), it decomposes to produce hydrogen and
oxygen gases.
Q.14. Assertion (A): When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes to give calcium oxide and
carbon dioxide.
Reason (R): The decomposition reaction takes place on application of heat, therefore, it is an endothermic
reaction.
Q.15. Assertion (A): Zinc reacts with sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas and it
is a displacement reaction.
Reason (R): Zinc reacts with oxygen to form zinc oxide
Q.16. Assertion (A): Chips manufacturers usually Ilush bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen to
prevent the chips from getting oxidised.
Reason (R): This increase the taste ot the chips and helps in their digestion.
Q.17. Assertion (A): Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a long duration turns grey due to
the formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride.
Reason (R): In this process, sublimation of silver chloride takes place.
Q.18. Assertion (A): Rusting of iron metal is the most common form of corrosion.
Reason (R): The effect of rusting of iron can be reversed if they are left open in sunlight.
Q.19. Assertion (A): AgBr is used on photographic and X-ray film.

Reason (R): AgBr is photosensitive and changes to Ag and bromine in presence of sunlight and undergoes
decomposition reaction.
Q.20. Assertion (A): Magnesium ribbon keeps on burning in atmosphere of nitrogen.

Reason (R) : Magnesium reacts with nitrogen to form magnesium nitride and this reaction is combination
reaction.
Q.21. Assertion (A): A lead nitrate on thermal decomposition gives lead oxide, brown coloured
nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gas.
Reason (R): Lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide to form yellow ppt. of lead iodide and the reaction is
double displacement as well as precipitation reaction. -x-x-x-
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 : (a) Q.2 : (b) Q.3 : (d) Q.4 : (a)
Q.5 : (a) Q.6 : (c) Q.7 : (a) Q.8 : (c)
Q.9 : (b) Q.10 : (a)
Q.11 : (a) This is due to the conservation of mass.
Q.12 : (a) Q.13 : (b)
Q.14 : (b) CaCO3 on heating gives CO2 and CaO.
Q.15 : (b) Decomposition reaction is a reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more simpler
substances.
Q.16 : (c) Nitrogen being antioxidant prevents the chips from being oxidised.
Q.17 : (c) Q.18 : (c)
Q.19 : (a) AgBr is a chemical compound. It is widely used in photography as photographic emulsions.
Q.20 : (a) Q.21 : (b)
Chapter - 2
Acids, Bases and Salts
Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
Q.1. Assertion (A) : The acid must always be added to water with constant
stirring.
Reason (R) : Mixing of an acid with water decreases the concentration of H+ ions per unit
volume.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : Copper sulphate crystals are wet because it contains water of
crystallisation.
Reason (R) : Water of crystallisation is the fixed number of molecules of water present in
one formula unit of salt.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : The aqueous solutions of glucose and alcohol do not show
acidic character.
Reason (R) : Aqueous solutions of glucose and alcohol do not give H+ ions.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : HCl gas does not change the colour of dry blue litmus paper.
Reason (R) : HCl gas dissolves in the water present in wet litmus paper to form H+ ions.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : Weak acids have low electrical conductivity.
Reason (R) : Strong acids and weak acids have equal concentration of hydrogen ions in
their solutions.
Q.6. Assertion (A): Pure water is neither acidic nor basic.

Reason (R) : The pH of a solution is inversely proportional to the concentration of
hydrogen ions in it.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : During electrolysis of concentrated aqueous solution of

sodium chloride, hydrogen is produced at anode and chlorine gas is produced
at cathode.
Reason (R) : Ions get attracted to oppositely charged electrodes.
Q.8. Assertion (A) : Baking powder is used in making cake instead of using only
baking soda.
Reason (R) : Baking powder contains tartaric acid which reacts with sodium carbonate
and removes bitter taste.
Q.9. Assertion (A) : The chemical formula of bleaching powder is CaOCI.

Reason (R) : Calcium oxide reacts with chlorine to form bleaching powder.
Q.10. Assertion (A): Plaster of Paris is stored in a moisture proof container.

Reason (R) : Plaster of Paris sets into a hard mass on wetting with water to form
anhydrous calcium sulphate.
Q.11. Assertion (A): The chemical name of bleaching powder is calcium

oxychloride.
Reason (R) : Bleaching powder is used as an oxidising agent in chemical industries.
Q.12. Assertion: The process of dissolving an acid or a base in water is highly

exothermic reaction.
Reason (R) : Water must always be added slowly to acid with constant stirring.
Q.13. Assertion (A) : Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator.

Reason (R) : Phenolphthalein gives different colours in acidic and basic medium.
Q.14. Assertion: Calcium sulphate hemihydrate, CaSO4.1/2 H20 is called plaster of

Paris.
Reason (R) : Plaster of Paris is used for producing moulds for pottery and ceramics and
casts of statues.
Q.15. Assertion (A) : pH = 7 signifies pure water.
Reason (R) : pH of acetic acid is greater than 7.
Q.16. Assertion (A) : HCl is a stronger acid than acetic acid.

Reason (R) : On dissociation, HCl yields lesser hydrogen ions for the same concentration as
compared to acetic acid.
Q.17. Assertion (A) : pH of ammonium nitrate solution is acidic.

Reason (R) : Solution of a salt of weak base and strong acid is acidic.
Q.18. Assertion (A) : Phosphoric acid is a weak acid.

Reason : Phosphoric acid when dissolved in water dissociates partially and produces very
little H* ions.
Q.19. Assertion (A) : Antacids neutralize the effect of extra acid produced in the
stomach during indigestion and thus provide relief.
Reason (R) : Antacids are mild bases.
Q.20. Assertion (A) : Acetic acid does not act as an acid in benzene solution.
Reason (R) : Benzene is non-polar.
Q.21. Assertion (A) : Bleaching powder reacts with dilute acids to evolve chlorine.
Reason (R) : The chlorine liberated by the action of dilute acids on bleaching powder is
called available chlorine.
Q.22. Assertion (A) : Sodium carbonate pentahydrate is also known as washing
soda.
Reason (R) : Chief raw materials for the manufacture of washing soda are NH3, NaCl and
CaCO3.
Q.23. Assertion (A) : Common salt is used for the preparation of many chemicals
such as sodium hydroxide, bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda etc.
Reason : Main source of sodium chloride is sea water.
Q.24. Assertion (A) : AlCl3 is a basic salt.

Reason (R) : AlCl3 is a salt of strong acid and a weak base.
Q.25. Assertion (A) : Baking soda is prepared by chlor-alkali process.

Reason (R) : Brine decomposes to sodium hydroxide on passing electricity through it.
Q.26. Assertion (A) : Salt of KNO3 is formed by strong base and weak acid.
Reason (R) : Salt of NH4Cl is formed by weak base and strong acid.
Q.27. Assertion (A) : Strength of the acid or base decreases with dilution.
Reason (R) : Ionization of an acid or a base increases with dilution.
Q.28. Assertion (A) : Higher the H ion concentration, lower is the pH value.
Reason (R) : The pH of a neutral solution=7, that of a basic solution < 7 and that of an
acidic solution > 7.
Q.29. Assertion (A) : CH3COOH is used as vinegar in cooking and food

preservatives.
Reason (R) : Strong acids are those acids which ionise almost completely in aqueous
solution and hence produce a large amount of Hions.
Q.30. Assertion (A) : Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower than
5.5.
Reason (R) : Enamel starts corroding below 5.5 pH. -x-x-x-
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 : (b)
Q.2 : (d) The Assertion is false. Copper sulphate is not wet. It is an hydrated salt, as it
contains water molecules.
Q.3 : (a) Q.4 : (a) Q.5 : (c)
Q.6 : (b) Q.7 : (d) Q.8 : (a)
Q.9 : (c) Q.10 : (c) Q.11 : (b)
Q.12 : (c) The process of dissolving an acid or a base in water is highly exothermic reaction.
Acid must always be added slowly to water with constant stirring.
Q.13 : (a) Q.14 : (b)
Q.15 : (c) pH of acetic acid is less than 7.
Q.16 : (c) On dissociation, HCl yields more hydrogen ions for the same concentration as
compared to acetic acid.
Q.17 : (a) Ammonium nitrate is a salt of ammonium hydroxide (weak base) and nitric acid
(strong acid).
Q.18 : (a) Q.19 : (a).
Q.20 : (a) For ionization of an acid, polar solvents (like water) are required. As ionization
does not take place in non-polar solvents (like benzene) so acetic acid does not acts as an
acid.
Q.21 : (b) Q.22 : (d) Q.23 : (b)
Q.24 : (d) Q.25 : (d) Q.26 : (d)
Q.27 : (b) Q.28 : (c) Q.29 : (b)
Q.30 : (a)
Chapter - 3
Metals and Non metals
Q.1. Assertion (A) : Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts with nitric
acid.
Reason (R) : Nitric acid is a strong oxidising agent.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : Highly reactive metals are obtained by electrolytic reduction.
Reason (R) : In the electrolytic reduction, metal is deposited at the cathode.
Q.3. Assertion (A): Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.

Reason (R) : Alloys are heterogeneous mixture of metals with other metals and non-
metals.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Zinc oxide is amphoteric in nature.

Reason (R): Zinc oxide reacts with both acids and bases.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound.

Reason (R) : Metals and non-metals react by mutual transfer of electrons.
Q.6. Assertion (A): Zinc can easily displace copper on reacting with a solution of
copper sulphate.
Reason (R) : Copper is more reactive metal as compared to Zinc.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : Zinc carbonate is heated strongly in presence of air to form
zinc oxide and carbon dioxide.
Reason (R) : Calcination is the process in which a carbonate ore is heated strongly in the
absence of air to convert into metal oxide.
Q.8. Assertion (A): Zinc becomes dull in moist air.

Reason (R) : Zinc is coated by a thin film of its basic carbonate in moist air.
Q.9. Assertion (A) : MgCl, is a covalent compound.
Reason (R) : MgCl, is a good conductor of electricity in molten state.
Q.10. Assertion (A) : Anodising is a method to prevent metal from corrosion.

Reason (R) : Anodising is a process of coating iron with a layer of zinc.
Q.11. Assertion (A) :The reaction of calcium with water is less violent in
comparison to that of sodium.
Reason (R) : The heat evolved is not sufficient for the hydrogen to catch fire.
Q.12. Assertion (A) :C and N do not react with dil. HCl and dil. H2SO4.
Reason (R) : Metals do not react with dil. HCl and dil. H2SO4.
Q.13. Assertion (A) :Copper displaces silver from silver nitrate solution.
Reason (R) : Copper is more reactive than silver.
Q.14. Assertion (A) :Aluminum oxide and zinc oxide are acidic in nature.
Reason (R) : Amphoteric nature means that substance have both acidic and basic
character
Q.15. Assertion (A) :Different metals have different reactivities with water and
dilute acids.
Reason (R) : Reactivity of a metal depends on its position in the reactivity series.
Q.16. Assertion (A) :Iron is the most widely used metal. But it is never used in its
pure state.
Reason (R) : Pure iron is very soft and stretches easily when hot.
Q.17. Assertion (A) :Gold occurs in native state.

Reason (R) : Gold is a reactive metal.
Q.18. Assertion (A) :The property of beating a metal into sheets is called ductility.
Reason (R) : Gold and silver are most malleable metals.
Q.19. Assertion (A) :Silver and gold do not react with oxygen even at high
temperatures.
Reason (R) : Silver and gold are less active metals.
Q.20. Assertion (A) :The oxides of sulphur and phosphorus are acidic in nature.
Reason (R) : Metal oxides are basic in nature.
Q.21. Assertion (A) :MgO exists in liquid state.

Reason (R) : The electrostatic forces of attraction between Mg2+ and 02- ions constitute
ionic bond.
Q.22. Assertion (A) :On reacting with water, calcium starts floating over water.
Reason (R) : Calcium reacts with cold water at room temperature.
Q.23. Assertion (A) :Electrovalency of Na is +1.

Reason (R) : The number of electrons which an atom either loses or gains in the formation
of an ionic bond is known as its valency.
Q.24. Assertion (A) :The arrangement of metals in order of decreasing reactivities
is called reactivity series.
Reason (R) : Metals at the top of series are very reactive and metals at the bottom are
least reactive.
Q.25. Assertion (A) :Non-metals are electronegative in nature.

Reason (R) : They have tendency to lose electrons.
Q.26. Assertion (A) :Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
Reason (R) : A large amount of energy is required to break the strong inter-ionic
attraction in ionic compounds.
Q.27. Assertion (A) :Metals in general have very high melting and boiling points.
Reason (R) : Metals have the strongest chemical bonds which are metallic in nature.
Q.28. Assertion (A) :Metals generally act as reducing agents.

Reason (R) : The reducing character is expressed in terms of electron releasing tendency.
Q.29. Assertion (A) :Magnesium reacts with oxygen upon heating and burns
brightly to form magnesium oxide.
Reason (R) : Magnesium oxide is basic in nature.
Q.30. Assertion (A) :Bromine cannot displace chlorine from its salt solution.
Reason (R) : Chlorine is more reactive than bromine. -x-x-x-
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 : (a) Q.2 : (b) Q.3 : (c) Q.4 : (a)
Q.5 : (a) Q.6 : (c) Q.7 : (d) Q.8 : (a)
Q.9 : (d) Q.10 : (c) Q.11 : (a)
Q.12 : (c) Metals react with dilute HCl and dil. H2SO4. Non-metals do not react with dilute
acids.
Q.13 : (a)
Q.14 : (d) Aluminium and zinc oxides are amphoteric in nature.
Q.15 : (a) The metals placed at the top of the series are most reactive.
Q.16 : (a)
Q.17 : (c) Gold is a noble metal.
Q.18 : (d) The property of beating a metal into sheets is called malleability.
Q.19 : (a)
Q.20 : (b) Sulphur and phosphorous are non-metals. Non-metals form either acidic or
neutral oxides.
Q.21 : (d) MgO exists in solid state.
Q.22 : (b) calcium floats over water because the bubbles of hydrogen gas formed get stick
to the surface of the water.
Q.23 : (a)
Q.24 : (b) Metals at the top of the series are very reactive and therefore, they do not occur
free in nature. The metals at the bottom of the series are least reactive and therefore, they
normally occur free in nature.
Q.25 : (c) Non-metals have a tendency to gain electrons.
Q.26 : (a) Q.27 : (a)
Q.28 : (b) Metals have a strong tendency to lose electrons and hence they behave AS
REDUCING AGENTS.
Q.29 : (b) Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides which are basic in nature. Q.30 :
(a)
Chapter - 4
Carbon and Its Compounds
Q.1. Assertion(A) : Carbon is the only element that can form large number of
compounds.
Reason (R) : Carbon is tetravalent and shows the property of catenation.
Q.2. Assertion(A) : If the first member of a homologous series is methanal, its
third member will be propanal.
Reason (R) : All the members of a homologous series show similar chemical properties.
Q.3. Assertion(A) : Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.

Reason (R) : Some elements can have several different structural forms while in the same
physical state. These forms are called allotropes.
Q.4. Assertion(A) : Soaps are not suitable for washing purpose when water is
hard.
Reason (R) : Soaps have relatively weak cleansing action.
Q.5. Assertion(A) : Carbon compounds can form chain, branched and ring
structures.
Reason (R) : Carbon exhibits the property of catenation.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : Carbon monoxide is extremely poisonous in nature.

Reason (R) : Carbon monoxide is formed by complete combustion of carbon.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : Cooking oil decolourises bromine water.

Reason (R) : Cooking oil is a saturated compound.
Q.8. Assertion (A) : In a candle, wax vapours burn in sufficient supply of oxygen,
which leads to blue flame.
Reason (R) : When the oxygen supply is sufficient, then fuels burn completely producing a
blue flame.
Q.9. Assertion (A) : Alkanes give addition reaction.

Reason (R) : Addition reactions are a characteristic property of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Q.10. Assertion(A): n-butane and iso-butane are examples of isomers.

Reason (R) : Isomerism is possible only with hydrocarbons having 4 or more carbon
atoms.
Q.11. Assertion(A): Saturated hydrocarbons are chemically less reactive.

Reason (R) : All the valencies of carbon atom are satisfied by single covalent bonds.
Q.12. Assertion(A): Diamond and graphite do not have the same crystal structure.
Reason (R) : Diamond is crystalline while graphite is amorphous.
Q.13. Assertion(A): Graphite is soft and slippery to touch.

Reason (R) : Graphite has sheet like layered structure.
Q.14. Assertion(A): Both aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl group.

Reason (R) : In aldehydes, the functional group is attached to atleast one hydrogen atom.
Q.15. Assertion(A): In alkanes, alkenes and alkynes the valency of carbon is always
four.
Reason (R) : All hydrocarbons except alkanes contain double bonds.
Q.16. Assertion(A): Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.

Reason (R) : It has one free valence electron.
Q.17. Assertion(A): The functional group present in alcohols is – OH.

Reason (R) : It is the same group as present in water, hence water and alcohol have similar
properties.
Q.18. Assertion(A): Ethanol is first member of the alcohol homologous series.

Reason (R) : A homologous series can be represented by a general formula.
Q.19. Assertion(A): Carbon and its compounds can be used as fuels.

Reason (R) : They are highly inflammable and have high calorific value.
Q.20. Assertion(A): Covalent compounds are generally poor conductor of

electricity.
Reason (R) : They consist of molecules and not ions which can transfer charge.
Q.21. Assertion(A): Diamond is not good conductor of electricity.

Reason (R): It has no free electrons.
Q.22. Assertion(A): Olefins have the general formula CnH2n+1

Reason (R) : There is at least one double bond between two carbon atoms in their
molecules.
Q.23. Assertion(A): Carbon possesses property of catenation.

Reason (R) : Carbon atoms form double as well as triple bonds during catenation.
Q.24. Assertion(A): Two members of a homologous series have similar chemical

properties.
Reason (R) : Propane and butane are members of same homologous series.
Q.25. Assertion(A): Diamond is the hardest natural known substance.

Reason (R) : Diamond is used for cutting marble, granite and glass. -x-x-x-
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 : (d) Q.2 : (b) Q.3 : (a) Q.4 : (b)
Q.5 : (a) Q.6 : (c) Q.7 : (b) Q.8 : (a)
Q.9 : (d) Q.10 : (b) Q.11 : (a) Q.12 : (c)
Q.13 : (a) Q.14 : (b) Q.15 : (c) Q.16 : (a)
Q.17 : (c) Q.18 : (d) Q.19 : (a) Q.20 : (a)
Q.21 : (a) Q.22 : (d) Q.23 : (b) Q.24 : (b) Q.25 :
(b)
Chapter - 6
Life Processes
Q.1. Assertion (A) : Plants lack excretory organs.

Reason (R) : Plants usually absorb essential nutrients.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : In anaerobic respiration, one of the end product is alcohol.
Reason (R) : There is an incomplete breakdown of glucose.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : In plants there is no need of specialised respiratory organs.

Reason (R) : Plants do not have great demands of gaseous exchange.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Bile is essential for digestion of lipids.

Reason (R) : Bile juice contains enzymes.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : Carbohydrate digestion mainly takes place in small intestine.
Reason (R) : Pancreatic juice contains the enzyme lactase.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : Aerobic respiration requires less energy as compared to

anaerobic respiration.
Reason (R) : Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.
Q.7. Assertion (A): Arteries are thick-walled and elastic in nature.

Reason (R) : Arteries have to transport blood away from the heart.
Q.8. Assertion (A) : Human heart is four-chambered.

Reason (R) : Vena cava is the only artery that supplies deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Q.9. Assertion (A): Energy is required to carry out different life processes.
Reason (R) : Energy is obtained in the form of ATP in the mitochondria.
Q.10. Assertion (A): Rings of cartilage are present in the throat,

Reason (R) : These ensure that the air-passage does not collapse
Q.11. Assertion (A): Pyruvate is a six-carbon molecule

Reason (R) : It is prepared in the cytoplasm as the first step to cellular respiration
Q.12. Assertion (A): Molecular movements are needed for life.

Reason (R): Body structures made up of these molecules need continuous repair and
maintenance
Q.13. Assertion (A): Diffusion does not meet high energy requirements of
multicellular organisms
Reason (R) : Diffusion is a fast process but occurs at the surface of the body.
Q.14. Assertion (A): The opening and closing of the pore is a function of the guard
cells.
Reason (R) : Stomatal pores are the site for exchange of gases by diffusion.
Q.15. Assertion (A): The purpose of making urine is to filter out undigested food
from intestine
Reason (R): Kidneys filter the waste and produce urine,
Q.16. Assertion (A): The inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger-
like projections called villi.
Reason (R) : The villi increase the surface area for absorption.
Q.17. Assertion (A): In human beings, the respiratory pigment is haemoglobin

Reason (R) : It is a type of protein which has high-affinity carbon dioxide.
Q.18. Assertion (A): The plants store some of the waste products in their body
parts.
Reason (R) : Raphides are the solid waste products of plants.
Q.19. Assertion (A): The movement of water and dissolved salts in xylem is always
upwards.
Reason (R) : ‘The upward movement of water is due to low pressure created by
transpiration.
Q.20. Assertion (A): Photosynthesis takes place in green parts of the plants.
Reason (R) : Photosynthesis always takes place in leaves.
Q.21. Assertion: The average number of heart beat of a person at rest is about 80
per minute.
Reason (R) : One contraction and relaxation of the heart constitutes a complete heart beat.
Q.22. Assertion (A): Ureters are the tubes which carry urine from kidneys to the
bladder.
Reason (R) : Urine is stored in the urethra.
Q.23. Assertion (A): Ventricles have thicker walls than auricles.

Reason (R) : Ventricles have to pump blood into various organs with great pressure
Q.24. Assertion (A): Capillaries are the thinnest blood vessels.

Reason (R) : Capillaries connect the branches of arteries and veins.
Q.25. Assertion (A): Blood takes up oxygen from the alveolar air and release CO2
during exchange.
Reason (R) : ‘The concentration of O, is more in alveolar air.
Q.26. Assertion: The large intestine is the largest part of the alimentary canal.
Reason (R) : Tiger has a shorter small intestine, than herbivores.
Q.27. Assertion (A): Most of the living organisms carry out aerobic respiration.
Reason (R) : Mitochondria is the site of aerobic respiration in the cell.
Q.28. Assertion (A): The Bowman’s capsule and the tubule together make a
nephron.
Reason (R) : The function of tubule is to allow the selective reabsorption of substances
like glucose, amino acids, urea, salts and water into the blood capillaries.
Q.29. Assertion (A): Pancreatic juice digests starch, proteins and fats.
Reason (R) : Pancreatic juice contains digestive enzymes like pancreatic amylase, trypsin
and lipase.
Q.30. Assertion (A): The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles causes muscle
cramps.
Reason (R) : During vigorous physical exercise leg muscles respire anaerobically.
Q.31. Assertion (A): Phloem helps in translocation of food from the leaves.
Reason (R) : Phloem provides mechanical support to plant.
Q.32. Assertion (A): Trachea does not collapse, when there is no air in it.
Reason : Trachea is supported by cartilage.-x-x-x-
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 : (b) Q.2 : (a) Q.3 : (a) Q.4 : (c)
Q.5 : (c) Q.6 : (d) Q.7 : (b) Q.8 : (c)
Q.9 : (a) Q.10 : (a) Q.11 : (d) Q.12 : (a)
Q.13 : (c) Q.14 : (b) Q.15 : (d) Q.16 : (a)

Q.17 : (c) Q.18 : (b) Q.19 : (a) Q.20 : (c)
Q.21 : (d) Q.22 : (c) Q.23 : (a) Q.24 : (b)
Q.25 : (b) Q.26 : (d) Q.27 : (b) Q.28 : (c)
Q.29 : (a) Q.30 : (a) Q.31 : (c) Q.32 : (a)
Chapter - 7
Control and Coordination ( Assertion and Reasoning Questions )
Q.1. Assertion(A) : Insulin regulates blood sugar level.

Reason (R) : Insufficient secretion of insulin will cause diabetes.
Q.2. Assertion(A) : Animals can react to stimuli in different ways.

Reason (R) : All animals have a nervous system and an endocrine system involving
hormones.
Q.3. Assertion(A) : The effect of auxin hormone on the growth of root is exactly
opposite to that on a stem.
Reason (R) : Auxin hormone increases the rate of growth in root and decreases the rate of
growth in stem.
Q.4. Assertion(A) : A receptor is a specialized group of cells in a sense organ that

perceive a particular type of stimulus.
Reason (R) : Different sense organs have different receptors for detecting stimuli.
Q.5. Assertion(A) : Cyton region of nerve fibre collects information for the brain.
Reason (R) : Nerve fibres can either have or lack myelin sheath.
Q.6. Assertion(A) : A nerve impulse is an electrochemical event.

Reason (R) : In a nerve impulse there are changes in the resting potential which spreads
down the nerve fibre.
Q.7. Assertion(A) : The brain is also known as the central nervous system.
Reason (R) : Central nervous system controls and regulates the voluntary actions.
Q.8. Assertion(A) : The spinal nerves are 31 in number.

Reason (R) : Spinal nerves only have sensory neurons in them -x-x-x-
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 : (a) Q.2 : (a) Q.3 : (c) Q.4 : (b)
Q.5 : (d) Q.6 : (a) Q.7 : (d) Q.8 : (c)
Chapter - 8
How Do Organisms Reproduce
Q.1. Assertion(A) : Asexual reproduction is a primitive type of reproduction.

Reason (R) : Asexual reproduction involves only mitotic cell division.
Q.2. Assertion(A) : Spores are unicellular bodies.

Reason (R) : The parent body simply breaks up into smaller pieces on maturation.
Q.3. Assertion(A) : Clones are offspring of an organism formed by asexual

reproduction.
Reason (R) : Clones have exact copies of DNA as their parent.
Q.4. Assertion(A) : Colonies of yeast multiply in sugar solution.

Reason (R) : Sugar is made of sucrose which provides energy for sustaining all life
activities.
Q.5. Assertion(A) : Pollen grains from the carpel stick to the stigma of stamen.
Reason (R) : The fertilised egg cells grow inside the ovules and become seeds.
Q.6. Assertion(A) : The offspring produced by sexual reproduction is likely to
adjust better in environmental fluctuation.
Reason (R) : During the fusion of gametes there is mixing of genetic material from two
parents.
Q.7. Assertion(A) : Growth hormone stimulates the growth of different body parts.
Reason (R) : Gonadotropins stimulate the production of sex hormones.
Q.8. Assertion(A) : Testes lie in penis outside the body.

Reason (R) : Sperms require temperature lower than the body temperature for
development-x-x-x-
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 : (a) Q.2 : (c) Q.3 : (b) Q.4 : (a)
Q.5 : (d) Q.6 : (a) Q.7 : (b) Q.8 : (d)
Chapter - 9
Heredity and Evolution
Q.1. Assertion(A) : A geneticist crossed two pea plants and got 50% tall and 50%
dwarf in the progeny.
Reason (R) : One plant was heterozygous tall and the other was dwarf.
Q.2. Assertion(A) : Variations are seen in offspring produced by sexual

reproduction.
Reason (R) : DNA molecule generated by replication is not exactly identical to original
DNA.
Q.3. Assertion(A) : Mutation is sudden change in the genetic material.
Reason (R) : Variation is useful for the survival of species over time.
Q.4. Assertion(A) : Mendel selected the pea plant for his experiments.
Reason (R) : Pea plant is cross-pollinating and has unisexual flowers.
Q.5. Assertion(A) : The sex of a child is determined by the mother.

Reason (R) : Humans have two types of sex chromosomes: XX and XY.
Q.6. Assertion(A) : Evolution is an extremely slow process.
Reason (R) : New characters are accumulated in an organism during its lifetime.
Q.7. Assertion(A) : According to Darwin, all organisms compete with each other
for existence.
Reason (R) : During the struggle for existence there is survival of the fittest.
Q.8. Assertion(A) : Geographical isolation cannot be a major factor in speciation

of an asexually reproducing organism.
Reason (R) : Asexually reproducing organisms do not require any other organism for
reproduction.
Q.9. Assertion(A) : In humans, height is a trait which shows variation.

Reason (R) : Some humans are very tall, some have medium height whereas others are
short heighted.
Q.10. Assertion(A) : Accumulation of variation in a species increases the chances

of its survival in changing environment.
Reason (R) : Accumulation of heat resistance in some bacteria ensure their survival even
when temperature in environment rises too much.
Q.11. Assertion(A) : Traits like tallness and dwarfness in pea plant are inherited
independently.
Reason (R) : When a homozygous tall pea plant is crossed with dwarf pea plant, medium
sized pea plant is obtained in F, generation.
Q.12. Assertion(A) : Pea plant is considered ideal for hybridisation experiments.

Reason (R) : Pea is self pollinating plant with short life cycle and bears visible contrasting
traits.
Q.13. Assertion(A) : Monohybrid cross deals with inheritance of one pair of

contrasting characters.
Reason (R) : Dihybrid cross deals with inheritance of two pairs of contrasting characters.
Q.14. Assertion(A) : When pea plants (pureline) having round yellow seeds are
crossed with pureline plants having wrinkled green seeds, then all pea plants
obtained in F, generation bear wrinkled green seeds.
Reason (R) : Round and yellow seeds are dominant to wrinkled and green seeds.
Q.15. Assertion(A) : If blood group of both mother and father is O then the blood
group of children will also be O.
Reason (R) : Blood group in humans is determined by many alleles of a gene viz. IA,
IB, I0.
Q.16. Assertion(A) : In some reptiles, the temperature at which fertilised egg is

incubated before hatching plays a role in determining sex of offspring.
Reason (R) : In turtle, high incubation temperature above 33°C leads to development of
female offspring whereas in lizards high incubation temperature results in male offspring.
Q.17. Assertion(A) : In humans, male (or father) is responsible for sex of the baby
which is born.
Reason (R) : Y chromosomes are present in only male gametes or sperms.
Q.18. Assertion(A) : If mother is homozygous for black hair and father has red hair
then their child can inherit black hair.
Reason (R) : Gene for black hair is recessive to gene for red hair in humans.
Q.19. Assertion(A) : Selfing of a plant for several generations helps plant breeders
to obtain pure breeding varieties.
Reason (R) : Pure breeding plants are heterozygous for many traits.
Q.20. Assertion(A) : A tall plant which always produces tall offsprings is

considered heterozygous for height and is represented by genotype (Tt).
Reason (R) : A tall plant which always produces tall offspring is homozygous dominant and
will always produce only one type of gamete (T).
Q.21. Assertion(A) : A geneticist crossed two plants and got 50% tall and 50%
dwarf progenies.
Reason (R) : This cross follows Mendelian law as one of the parent plant might be
heterozygous.
Q.22. Assertion(A) : A heterozygous tall plant when crossed with homozygous

dwarf plant will produce tall and dwarf plants in the ratio of 3:1.
Reason (R) : A heterozygous tall plant will produce two types of gametes, i.e., one with T
and other with t whereas homozygous dwarf plant produce all gametes with t only.
Q.23. Assertion(A) : In human males all the chromosomes are perfectly paired
except X and Y chromosomes.
Reason (R) : X and Y are sex chromosomes.
Q.24. Assertion(A) : A child which has inherited X chromosome from father will
develop into a girl child.
Reason (R) : Girl child inherits X chromosome from father and Y chromosome from
mother.
Q.25. Assertion(A) : Genes present in every cell of an organism control the traits of
the organisms.
Reason (R) : Gene is specific segment of DNA occupying specific position on a
chromosome.
Q.26. Assertion(A) : In grasshoppers, females are heterogametic and males are

homogametic.
Reason (R) : In grasshoppers, male has only one sex chromosome (XO) whereas the female
has sex chromosome (XX).
Q.27. Assertion(A) : Round green seeds in pea can be represented by RRyy of Rryy.
Reason (R) : Round yellow seeds and green wrinkled seeds are parental combinations
whereas round green and wrinkled yellow are recombinants.
Q.28. Assertion(A) : If mother has two dominant alleles for black hair and father
has two recessive alleles for blonde hair then their child will inherit one
dominant allele from mother and one recessive allele from father and will
have black hair.
Reason (R) : Progeny inherits one genes for each trait from its parents but the trait shown
by progeny depends on inherited alleles
-x-x-x-
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 : (a) Q.2 : (a) Q.3 : (b) Q.4 : (a)
Q.5 : (d) Q.6 : (c) Q.7 : (b) Q.8 : (a)
Q.9 : (b) Q.10 : (b)
Q.11 : (c) Traits like tallness and dwarfness in pea plant are inherited independently and
when a homozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a dwarf pea plant, only tall pea plants are
obtained in F1 generation.
Q.12 : (a) Mendel chose pea plants for studying inheritance because of number of reasons.
Pea plants are self pollinating which enables them to produce next generation of plants
easily, also purelines could be easily obtained. Due to short life cycle, many generations of
pea plants can be produced in a comparatively short span of time. Also pea plants shows a
number of clear cut visible contrasting traits like tall and dwarf height, round and winkled
seeds, etc.
Q.13 : (b) Q.14 : (d) Q.15 : (b) Q.16 : (b)
Q.17 : (a) Q.18 : (c) Q.19 : (c) Q.20 : (d)
Q.21 : (b) Q.22 : (d) Q.23 : (a) Q.24 : (c)
Q.25 : (b) Q.26 : (d) Q.27 : (b) Q.28 : (a)
Chapter - 10
Light-Reflection and Refraction
Q.1. Assertion (A) : The centre of curvature is not a part of the mirror. It lies
outside its reflecting surface.
Reason (R) : The reflecting surface of a spherical mirror forms a part of a sphere. This
sphere has a centre.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : A ray passing through the centre of curvature of a concave
mirror after reflection, is reflected back along the same path.
Reason (R) : The incident rays fall on the mirror along the normal to the reflecting surface.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : Light does not travel in the same direction in all the media.
Reason (R) : The speed of light does not change as it enters from one transparent medium
to another.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : The emergent ray is parallel to the direction of the incident
ray.
Reason (R) : The extent of bending of the ray of light at the opposite parallel faces (air-
glass interface and glass-air interface) of the rectangular glass slab is equal and opposite.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : A ray of light travelling from a rarer medium to a denser
medium slows down and bends away from the normal. When it travels from a
denser medium to a rarer medium, it speeds up and bends towards the
normal.
Reason (R) : The speed of light is higher in a rarer medium than a denser medium.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : The mirrors used in search lights are concave spherical.
Reason (R) : In concave spherical mirror the image formed is always virtual.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : Light travels faster in glass than in air.

Reason (R) : Glass is denser than air.
Q.8. Assertion (A) : For observing traffic at back, the driver mirror is convex
mirror.
Reason (R) : A convex mirror has much larger field of view than a plane mirror.
Q.9. Assertion (A) : Mirror formula can be applied to a plane mirror.

Reason (R) : A plane mirror is a spherical mirror of infinite focal length.
Q.10. Assertion (A) : It is not possible to see a virtual image by eye.

Reason (R) : The rays that seem to emanate from a virtual image do not in fact emanates
from the image.
Q.11. Assertion (A) : When the object moves with a velocity 2 m/s, its image in the
plane mirror moves with a velocity of 4 m/s.
Reason (R) : The image formed by a plane mirror is as far behind the mirror as the object
is in front of it.
Q.12. Assertion (A) : The height of an object is always considered positive.

Reason (R) : An object is always placed above the principal axis in this upward direction.
Q.13. Assertion (A) : Concave mirrors are used as make-up mirrors.

Reason (R) : When the face is held within the focus of a concave mirror, then a diminished
image of the face is seen in the concave mirror.
Q.14. Assertion (A) : Refractive index has no units.

Reason (R) : The refractive index is a ratio of two similar quantities.
Q.15. Assertion (A) : The formula connecting u, v and f for a spherical mirror is
valid in all situations for all spherical mirrors for all positions of the object.
Reason (R) : Laws of reflection are strictly valid for plane surfaces.
Q.16. Assertion (A) : A person cannot see his image in a concave mirror, unless, he
is standing beyond the center of curvature of the mirror.
Reason (R) : In a concave mirror, image formed is real provided the object is situated
beyond its focus.
Q.17. Assertion (A) : Virtual images are always erect.

Reason (R) : Virtual images are formed by diverging lenses only. -x-x-x-
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 : (a) Q.2 : (a) Q.3 : (c) Q.4 : (a)
Q.5 : (d) Q.6 : (c) Q.7 : (d) Q.8 : (a)
Q.9 : (a) Q.10 : (d) Q.11 : (a) Q.12 : (a)
Q.13 : (c) Q.14 : (a) Q.15 : (c) Q.16 : (b)
Q.17 : (c)
Chapter - 11
The Human Eye and Colourful World
Q.1. Assertion (A) : White light is dispersed into its seven-colour components by
a prism.
Reason (R) : Different colours of light bend through different angles with respect to the
incident ray as they pass through a prism.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : The phenomenon of scattering of light by the colloidal
particles gives rise to Tyndall effect.
Reason (R) : The colour of the scattered light depends on the size of the scattering
particles.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : A normal human eye can clearly see all the objects beyond
certain minimum distance.
Reason (R) : The human eye has capacity of adjusting the focal length of eye lens.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : A rainbow is sometimes seen in the sky in rainy season only
when observer’s back is towards the Sun.
Reason (R) : Internal reflection in the water droplets cause dispersion and the final rays
are in backward direction.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : Myopia is the defect of the eye in which only nearer objects
are seen by the eye.
Reason (R) : The eye ball is elongated.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : Hypermetropia is the defect of the eye in which only farther
objects are seen.
Reason (R) : Hypermetropia is corrected by using converging lens.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : Danger signals are made of red colour.

Reason (R) : Velocity of red light in air is maximum, so signals are visible even in dark.
Q.8. Assertion (A) : The sky looks dark and black instead of blue in outer space.
Reason (R) : No atmosphere containing air in the outer space to scatter sunlight.
Q.9. Assertion (A) : The stars twinkle, while the planets do not.
Reason (R) : The stars are much bigger in size than the planets.
Q.10. Assertion (A) : The Sun appears flattened at sunrise and sunset.
Reason (R) : The apparent flattering of the Sun’s disc at sunrise and sunset is due to
atmospheric refraction.
Q.11. Assertion (A) : Blue colour of sky appears due to scattering of blue colour.
Reason (R) : Blue light has longer wavelength.
-x-x-x-
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 : (a) Q.2 : (b) Q.3 : (a) Q.4 : (a)
Q.5 : (a) Q.6 : (b) Q.7 : (c) Q.8 : (a)
Q.9 : (b) Q.10 : (a) Q.11 : (c)
Chapter - 12
Electricity
Q.1. Assertion (A) : Tungsten metal is used for making filaments of incandescent
lamps.
Reason (R) : The melting point of tungsten is very low.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : If a graph is plotted between the potential difference and the
current flowing, the graph is a straight line passing through the origin.
Reason (R) : The current is directly proportional to the potential difference.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : Longer wires have greater resistance and the smaller wires
have lesser resistance.
Reason (R) : Resistance is inversely proportional to the length of the wire.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Alloys are commonly used in electrical heating devices, like
electrical iron, toasters etc.
Reason (R) : Alloys do not oxidise (burn) readily at high temperatures.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : When the resistances are connected end-to-end

consecutively, they are said to be in series.
Reason (R) : In case the total resistance is to be increased, then the individual resistances
are connected in series.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : When the resistances are connected between the same two
points, they are said to be connected in parallel.
Reason (R) : In case the total resistance is to be decreased, then the individual resistances
are connected in parallel.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : A cell is a device which converts chemical energy into
electrical energy.
Reason (R) : Cell maintains a constant potential difference between its terminals for a long
time.
Q.8. Assertion (A) : The resistivity of a substance does not depend on the nature
of the substance and temperature.
Reason (R) : The resistivity of a substance is a characteristic property of the material.
Q.9. Assertion (A) : Tungsten metal is used for making filaments of incandescent
lamps.
Reason (R) : The melting point of tungsten is very low.
Q.10. Assertion (A) : The fuse is placed in series with the device.
Reason (R) : Fuse consists of a piece of wire made of a metal or an alloy of appropriate
melting point.
Q.11. Assertion (A) : The coil of a heater is cut into two equal halves and only one
of them is used into heater. The heater will now require half the time to
produce the same amount of heat.
Reason (R) : The heat produced is directly proportional to square of current.
Q.12. Assertion (A) : The wires supplying current to an electric heater are not
heated appreciably.
Reason (R) : Resistance of connecting wires is very small and H<< R.
Q.13. Assertion (A) : A current carrying wire should be charged.

Reason (R) : The current in a wire is due to flow of free electrons in a definite direction.
Q.14. Assertion (A) : Electron has a negative charge.

Reason (R) : Electrons move always from a region of higher potential to a region of lower
potential.
Q.15. Assertion (A) : Heater wire must have high resistance and high melting
point.
Reason (R) : If resistance is high, the electric conductivity will be less.
Q.16. Assertion (A) : In a chain of bulbs, 50 bulbs are joined in series. One bulb is
removed now and circuit is completed again. If the remaining 49 bulbs are
again connected in series across the same supply, then light gets decreased in
the room.
Reason (R) : Net resistance of 49 bulbs will be less than 50 bulbs.
Q.17. Assertion (A) : Fuse wire must have high resistance and low melting point.
Reason (R) : Fuse is used for small current flow only.
Q.18. Assertion (A) : The connecting wires are made of copper.

Reason (R) : The electrical conductivity of copper is high.
Q.19. Assertion (A) : Current is the rate of flow of charge.

Reason (R) : Electric current will not flow between two charged bodies when connected, if
they are at same potential.
Q.20. Assertion (A) : A bird perches on a high power line and nothing happens to
the bird.
Reason (R) : The circuit is incomplete for the bird sitting on high power line.
Q.21. Assertion (A) : When a wire is stretched to three times of its length, its
resistance becomes 9 times.
Reason (R) : Resistance is directly proportional to length of wire.
Q.22. Assertion (A) : It is advantageous to transmit electric power at high voltage.

Reason (R) : High voltage implies high current.
Q. 23.Assertion (A) : Bending a wire does not affect electrical resistance.

Reason (R) : Resistance of a wire is proportional to resistivity of material.
Q.24. Assertion (A) : A voltmeter and ammeter can be used together to measure
resistance but not power.
Reason (R) : Power is proportional to voltage and current.
Q.25. Assertion (A) : The 200 W bulbs glows with more brightness than 100 W
bulbs.
Reason (R) : A 100 watt bulb has more resistance than a 200 W bulb.
Q.26. Assertion (A) : If 10 bulbs are connected in series and one bulb fused, then
the remaining 9 bulbs will not work.
Reason (R) : Bulb of higher wattage will give less bright light.
Q.27. Assertion (A) : Good conductors of heat are also good conductors of
electricity and vice versa.
Reason (R) : Mainly electrons are responsible for conduction.
-x-x-x-
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 : (c) Q.2 : (a) Q.3 : (c) Q.4 : (a)
Q.5 : (b) Q.6 : (b) Q.7 : (b) Q.8 : (d)
Q.9 : (c) Q.10 : (b) Q.11 : (b) Q.12 : (a)
Q.13 : (d) Q.14 : (c) Q.15 : (b) Q.16 : (d)
Q.17 : (c) Q.18 : (a) Q.19 : (b) Q.20 : (a)
Q.21 : (b) Q.22 : (c) Q.23 : (b) Q.24 : (d)
Q.25 : (b) Q.26 : (b) Q.27 : (a)
Chapter - 13
Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Q.1. Assertion (A) : On changing the direction of flow of current through a straight
conductor, the direction of a magnetic field around the conductor is reversed.
Reason (R) : The direction of magnetic field around a conductor can be given in
accordance with left hand thumb rule.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : The magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a
current carrying solenoid is inversely proportional to the current flowing
through the solenoid.
Reason (R) : The magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current
carrying solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length of a
solenoid.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : A compass needle is placed near a current carrying wire. The
deflection of the compass needle decreases when the magnitude of an electric
current in the wire is increased.
Reason (R) : Strength of a magnetic field at a point near the conductor increases on
increasing the current.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : A compass needle is placed near a current carrying wire. The
deflection of the compass needle decreases when the compass needle is
displaced away from the wire.
Reason (R) : Strength of a magnetic field decreases as one moves away from a current
carrying conductor.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : The strength of the magnetic field produced at the centre of a
current carrying circular coil increases on increasing the current flowing
through the coil.
Reason (R) : Magnetic field strength is inversely proportional to the current flowing in the
coil.
current carrying circular coil increases on increasing the radius of the circular
coil.
Reason (R) : Magnetic field strength is inversely proportional to the radius of the circular
coil.
current carrying circular coil increases on increasing the number of turns of the circular
coil.
Reason (R) : Magnetic field strength is directly proportional to the number of turns of the
circular coil.
Q.8. Assertion (A) : On freely suspending a current-carrying solenoid, it comes to

rest in N-S direction just like a bar magnet.
Reason (R) : One end of current carrying straight solenoid behaves as a North pole and the
other end as a South pole.
Q.9. Assertion (A) : Alternating Current is used in household supply.

Reason (R) : AC electric power can be transmitted over long distances without much loss
of energy.
Q.10. Assertion (A) : The strength of the magnetic field at the centre of a circular
coil of a wire depends on the radius of the coil
Reason (R) : The strength of the magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil of a wire
depends on the number of turns of the wire in the coil.
Q.11. Assertion (A) : A current carrying wire deflects a magnetic needle placed
near it.
Reason (R) : A magnetic field exists around a current carrying wire.
Q.12. Assertion (A) : Strength of an electromagnet can be increased by increasing

the number of turns per unit length in solenoid coil.
Reason (R) : Strength of an electromagnet can be increased by increasing the current
flowing through the solenoid.
-x-x-x-
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 : (c) Q.2 : (d) Q.3 : (d) Q.4 : (a)
Q.5 : (c) Q.6 : (d) Q.7 : (a) Q.8 : (a)
Q.9 : (a) Q.10 : (b) Q.11 : (a) Q.12 : (b)
Chapter - 15
Our Environment
Each of these questions contains an assertion followed by reason. Read them

carefully and answer the question on the basis of following options. You have to
select the one that best describes the two statements.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
Q.1. Assertion (A) : In an ecosystem, the function of producers is to convert organic

compounds into inorganic compounds.
Reason (R) : Green plants, the producers, transduce solar energy.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : Ecology is study of relationship between living organisms and
their environment.
Reason (R) : The biotic community and non-living environment of an area function
together to form an ecosystem.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : Animals adopt different strategies to survive in hostile
environment.
Reason (R) : Praying mantis is green in colour which merges with plant foliage.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : Abiotic component of an ecosystem involves cycling of material

and flow of energy.
Reason (R) : This is essential to keep biotic factors alive.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : The crown fires are most destructive as they burn the tree top.
Reason (R) : Due to crown fire, the temperature of that areamay rise upto 700°C.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : Trophic levels are formed by only plants.

Reason (R) : Food chains and webs are formed due to linked organisms on the basis of
their nutrition.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : A network of food chains existing together in an ecosystem is

known as food web.
Reason (R) : An animal like kite cannot be a part of a food web.
Q.8. Assertion (A) : Supersonic jets cause pollution as they thin out ozone.
Reason (R) : Depletion of ozone cause green house effect.
Q.9. Assertion (A) : Tropical rain forests are disappearing fast from developing
countries such as India.
Reason (R) : No value is attached to these forests because these are poor in biodiversity.
-x-x-x-
ANSWER KEY
Q.1. (a) Q.2. (a)
Q.3. (a) Animals blend with the surroundings or background to remain unnoticed for
protection and aggression.
Q.4. (a) Q.5. (a) Q.6. (d)
Q.7. (c) In the food web, different food chains are interconnected. Each chain consists of
different trophic levels i.e., producers, consumers and detrivores. So, kite can also be a part
of food web.
Q.8. (a)
Q.9. (c) Tropical rain forests have disappeared mainly due to man’s activities. Due to over
population in countries like India, rain forests are cut to make place available for man to
live and build houses. To build buildings and factories man has incessantly cut down trees.
This has caused the depletion of rain forests.

Science Assertion and Reason

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Science Assertion and Reason

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Science Assertion and Reason

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter - 1

Chemical Reactions and Equations

Q.5. Assertion (A) : White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight.

Q.9. Assertion (A): Corrosion of iron is commonly known as rusting.

Q.19. Assertion (A): AgBr is used on photographic and X-ray film.

Q.20. Assertion (A): Magnesium ribbon keeps on burning in atmosphere of nitrogen.

Q.6. Assertion (A): Pure water is neither acidic nor basic.

Q.7. Assertion (A) : During electrolysis of concentrated aqueous solution of

Q.9. Assertion (A) : The chemical formula of bleaching powder is CaOCI.

Q.10. Assertion (A): Plaster of Paris is stored in a moisture proof container.

Q.11. Assertion (A): The chemical name of bleaching powder is calcium

Q.12. Assertion: The process of dissolving an acid or a base in water is highly

Q.13. Assertion (A) : Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator.

Q.14. Assertion: Calcium sulphate hemihydrate, CaSO4.1/2 H20 is called plaster of

Q.16. Assertion (A) : HCl is a stronger acid than acetic acid.

Q.17. Assertion (A) : pH of ammonium nitrate solution is acidic.

Q.18. Assertion (A) : Phosphoric acid is a weak acid.

Q.24. Assertion (A) : AlCl3 is a basic salt.

Q.25. Assertion (A) : Baking soda is prepared by chlor-alkali process.

Q.29. Assertion (A) : CH3COOH is used as vinegar in cooking and food

Q.3. Assertion (A): Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.

Q.4. Assertion (A) : Zinc oxide is amphoteric in nature.

Q.5. Assertion (A) : Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound.

Q.8. Assertion (A): Zinc becomes dull in moist air.

Q.10. Assertion (A) : Anodising is a method to prevent metal from corrosion.

Q.17. Assertion (A) :Gold occurs in native state.

Q.21. Assertion (A) :MgO exists in liquid state.

Q.23. Assertion (A) :Electrovalency of Na is +1.

Q.25. Assertion (A) :Non-metals are electronegative in nature.

Q.28. Assertion (A) :Metals generally act as reducing agents.

Q.3. Assertion(A) : Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.

Q.6. Assertion (A) : Carbon monoxide is extremely poisonous in nature.

Q.7. Assertion (A) : Cooking oil decolourises bromine water.

Q.9. Assertion (A) : Alkanes give addition reaction.

Q.10. Assertion(A): n-butane and iso-butane are examples of isomers.

Q.11. Assertion(A): Saturated hydrocarbons are chemically less reactive.

Q.13. Assertion(A): Graphite is soft and slippery to touch.

Q.14. Assertion(A): Both aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl group.

Q.16. Assertion(A): Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.

Q.17. Assertion(A): The functional group present in alcohols is – OH.

Q.18. Assertion(A): Ethanol is first member of the alcohol homologous series.

Q.19. Assertion(A): Carbon and its compounds can be used as fuels.

Q.20. Assertion(A): Covalent compounds are generally poor conductor of

Q.21. Assertion(A): Diamond is not good conductor of electricity.

Q.22. Assertion(A): Olefins have the general formula CnH2n+1

Q.23. Assertion(A): Carbon possesses property of catenation.

Q.24. Assertion(A): Two members of a homologous series have similar chemical

Q.25. Assertion(A): Diamond is the hardest natural known substance.

Q.1. Assertion (A) : Plants lack excretory organs.

Q.3. Assertion (A) : In plants there is no need of specialised respiratory organs.

Q.4. Assertion (A) : Bile is essential for digestion of lipids.

Q.6. Assertion (A) : Aerobic respiration requires less energy as compared to

Q.7. Assertion (A): Arteries are thick-walled and elastic in nature.

Q.8. Assertion (A) : Human heart is four-chambered.

Q.10. Assertion (A): Rings of cartilage are present in the throat,

Q.11. Assertion (A): Pyruvate is a six-carbon molecule

Q.12. Assertion (A): Molecular movements are needed for life.

Q.17. Assertion (A): In human beings, the respiratory pigment is haemoglobin

Q.23. Assertion (A): Ventricles have thicker walls than auricles.