ARAMCO考试题（79页）

Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: MECHANICAL GENERAL 1
机械综合 1
1. What is the purpose of a penetrameter or IQI?
Indicates radiographic sensitivity and quality of the techniques.
To find the smallest defect.
2. What is meant by the term sensitivity with regard to radiography?
The ability of a radiographic technique to reveal defects of a specific size.
3. What are the limitations of magnetic particle inspection and liquid penetrant inspection?
M.T. can be used only on ferromagnetic materials to detect surface subsurface discontinuities.
L.T. can be used to detect defects open to the surface.
Both M.P. and L.P. require surface preparations before testing.
1) magnetic material
2) surface and sub surface
3) Surface finish(scale oil )
4. What information is contained in a Welding Procedure Specification?

Process type, groove (joint) design, material type, material thickness, position of groove, filler metal type,
pre-heat requirements, interpass temperature, post weld heat treatment requirements, shielding gas or flux
type, electrical characteristics, techniques of welding.
Essential and non-essential variables.
5. Why is post weld heat treatment required for some type weldments?
Relieve stresses, adjust hardness
6. What is the basic difference between a DIN and an ASME penetrameter?
DIN penetrameter has a wire type penetrameter, 7 wires

ASME penetrameter is a wire type penetrameter. 6 wires
7. What type of defects would you expect to find during visual inspection of a completed weld?
Undercut, excessive or insufficient weld reinforcement, lack of penetration, lack of fusion, porosity,
slag inclusion, cracks, weld spatter, etc.
incomplete penetration on a single butt-weld, weld spatter, etc..
8. What precaution must be taken with low hydrogen welding electrodes?

Store in oven when not in use, kept in heated container by welder awaiting use.
9. What information normally appears on radiography?
Penetrameter identification, Location of markers to ensure complete coverage, the name of the
inspecting laboratory, the date, the part number, whether original or subsequent exposure.
10. What is the code require amperage for the dry, prod method of magnetic particle inspection?
90-110 amps/inch for <19mm

100 – 125 amps / inch.for >19mm
11. What materials are the transducer (search unit) (crystal) made from?
Quartz, Barium Titanate, Lithium Sulphate and Ceramics.
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12. What is a film defect (artefact)?
A mark on the film usually caused by improper handling or processing.
Artefact, water mark, finger print, any bad operation.
13. If you were inspecting an item using the prod method and located a weak crack pattern, where would
you place the prods to obtain a stronger location?
Relocate prods 90 degrees to the crack pattern and re-inspect.
14. What typical defects would you expect while inspecting a casting?
Sand and slag inclusions, gas porosity, shrinkage, hot tears.
15. Describe the pulse echo technique.

When an electric current is applied to the crystal, the crystal vibrates transforming the electric energy into
mechanical vibrations which are transmitted through a coupling medium into the test material as high
frequency sound waves. These pulse vibrations propagate through the object and are reflected as echoes
from both discontinuities and the back surface of the test piece and will appear as a vertical deflection on the
cathode ray tube or oscilloscope.
The prob make sound wave, though the material, reflect by the wall & defect, and indicate on the
sceen.
16. Which method i.e. magnetic particle examination or liquid penetration examination, locate non-metallic
inclusions open to the surface.
Both.
17. What is a “Procedure Qualification Record?
Listed are the “essential variable” of the specific process of processes. It is a record lf the
parameters of the test weld.
It supports the range of values on the WPS.
18. What is meant by the term “Film Density”?
Measurement of film blackening.测量或胶片的发黑度。

Densitometer is used to measure film darkening. 显像密度计是用于测量胶片的暗色变化。
19. What factors determine the echo height of a flaw in ultrasonic inspection?
Size of the flaw, its type, position or orientation and instrument characteristics.
20. What surface preparation is required on a material before magnetic particle or liquid penetrant
inspection?
The material surface should be clean, dry and free from oil, grease, weld spatter or anything that will
obscure or interfere with defect detection. Clean 1” from each side.
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: MECHANICAL GENERAL 2

机械综合 2
1. What is a mil?“Mil”是什么？
1/1000 inch, 0.001” or 0.0254mm.
2. Difference between stress relieving and normalising.
1) Stress relieving was not to refining the grain structure, but normalising dose.
2) Stress relieve dose not alter mechanical property of material, but normalising dose.
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3. Name 2 tests carried out to determine toughness.
D.W.T.T., CHARPY impact test.
4. What is max. hardness valve as per NACE MR 0175?
Low carbon steel 235 Hv max. (21 HRC max) 钢最大：235 Hv
5. How would you measure gramophone lines (水线) on a raised face of a flange?
Depth guage.
6. Name 3 types of flanges face.
Plain face, Raised Face, RTJ.
7. What precautions must be taken when welding cladded pipe?

Check angle, Prep etc. when welding ensures slag is removed and freed of beads etc.
8. What info is required on a standard mill cert?
Cast number, Chemical Analysis, Mechanical property test result, P.O. Number, Client. Test Results
etc.
9. Why is radiography preferred over other N.D.T. methods?

Permanent indications on SPAM.
RT give a record.
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet (MAGNETICAL PARTICLE TESTING)

磁粉检验
1. Can heat have an effect on the results of a magnetic particle test?
YES 是的 ( 1, magnetic change, 2. water or dye dry)
2. How does the appearance of a surface defect differ from that of a subsurface defect?
Surface defects have a more clear and distinct indication and are easier to detect, they can also be
re-tested by PT method. Subsurface defects are detectable by MT-Method (most reliable method is
“wet fluorescent” after A.C. magnetizing) keep in mind the skin effect when using AC current
3. TRUE or FALSE: A coil shot produces what is generally considered to be a longitudinal magnetic field.
TRUE (apply the right hand rule)
4. As per ASME Section V, what amperage should be used for the dry prod exam of base metal?
For thickness below ¾”>> 90-110 Amp/25mm for thickness above ¾”>> 100-125 Amp (refer to ASME
Section V)
5. Surface defects are more clearly defined by A.C. or D.C. current.

By A.C.
6. TRUE or FALSE: Discontinuities parallel to the magnetic field produce the strongest indications
FALSE, best case is 90° to the magnetic field lines.
7. TRUE or FALSE: It is possible to detect defects by magnetic particle examination that cannot be detected
by radiography.
TRUE, for example, by x-ray method using an Iridium 192 source, you will not detect very small
Cracks, called “hair cracks”. Those kinds of defects can be found by MT-wet fluorescent method, on
the surface or close to the surface.
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8. What method is more sensitive for the detection of subsurface defects, AC or DC current?
DC.
9. According to ASME Section V. what are the three main steps in a magnetic particle examination?
Cleaning up the test surface, magnetizing of the component and application of the according test medium,
i.e. dry powder or fluorescent suspension, evaluation and record the results.
Clean, test, report.
10. TRUE or FALSE: When parts are to be welded after magnetic particle testing, residual magnetism may
attract the filler material. This aids in the disposition of weld metal improving the weld quality.
False
11. TRUE or FALSE: A longitudinal magnetized part retains a more objectionable residual field than a
circular magnetized part.
TRUE
12. TRUE or FALSE: Demagnetization is still required when a part will be subsequently heat treated.
FALSE
13. TRUE or FALSE: The detection of subsurface defects over ¼” deep in weldments is more of a problem
than is the case of surface defects.
TRUE 正确
14. When a magnetic field is induced in a part with prods, spaced 6 inches apart, the field is considered as:
a) solenoid field b) distorted circular field c) longitudinal field d) yoke field
b)
15. TRUE or FALSE: Abrupt changes in thickness, high amperages and drilled holes near the test surface
are causes of non-relevant indications.
TRUE 正确
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet RT (RADIOGRAPHY TESTING)

射线检验
1. What is the purpose of a penetrameter?
To indicate the quality of radiological images.

The ability of showing the smallest defect.
2. What are the minimum and maximum acceptance levels, per ASME Section V, for film density using a
gamma-ray source and single film viewing?
1.8-4.0 for x-ray, 2.-4.0 for gamma-ray
3. Name five (05) attributes which are normally included in a written radiographic procedure.
Material thickness, isotope or X-ray source, minimum source to object distance, maximum source
size, film type and manufacturer, required sensitivity, radiographic technique,
4. Name at least 5 types of weld defects would you expect to find with Radiography.
Hi-Lo, porosity, slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, lack of penetration, lack of fusion, cluster gas
pores, offset, burn through isolated inclusion,
5. What American standard specifies the qualification requirements for technicians involved in
nondestructive testing?
ASNT, SNT-TC-1A and CP-189
6. TRUE or FALSE: ASME Section VIII, div. 1 contains radiographic acceptance criteria for rounded
indication.
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True
7. In a double wall technique for single wall viewing, what is the minimum number of exposures required by
ASME V?
Three exposures taken 120 deg. to each other
8. Source size, specimen thickness, and source to object distances are three factors that determine the
______________________________ of a radiograph?
Ug-(Geometric unsharpness) Sensitivity 灵敏度
9. What does ASME V say about quality of radiographic film?

All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical, or other blemishes to the extent that they
do not mask and are not confused with the image of any discontinuity in the area of interest.
10. A radiographic film having wide latitude also has, by definition: a) poor definition b) low contrast c) high
speed d) none of the above.
b low contrast 低的对比度
胶片的种类很多，ACFA C7 D7 C4 D4 （D4 比 D7 晶粒度细，更清晰）, FOSI 1x80 1x100 1x 150
对比度月底，灵敏度月底。Latitude 越高 contrast 越低。
11. TRUE or FALSE: To make a proper evaluation when interpreting a radiograph, it is necessary to know
the welding process used to make the weld.
True 正确
12. A dark line of varying width on a radiograph which follows the edge of the fusion zone of a weld cap is
indicative of: a) undercutting b) incomplete fusion c) porosity d) shrinkage
A
13. A radiograph that shows a narrow dark line traveling in irregular directions would generally indicate the
presence of: a) a crack b) slag line c) aligned porosity d) lack of fusion
a- crack 裂缝
14. TRUE or FALSE: Radiographic film with large grain size will produce radiographs with better definition
than film with small grain size.
False 错误
15. TRUE or FALSE: Deep scratches in lead screens result in corresponding dark lines on the radiograph.
True 正确
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet UT (ULTRASONIC TESTING)

超声检验
1. What is the first step in a UT examination? 超声检验的第一步是什么？
Read and understand the procedure, calibration of test unit, check the test surface condition.
2. Why is surface condition critical?

The longitudinal or transverse waves, produced by the test probe have to penetrate into the material,
possibly without any loss of wave energy and to avoid UT-echoes on the screen, caused by a rough surface,
which can result in miss-interpretation of the echoes. To eliminate those and to support a proper wave
penetration into the material, in any case, it must be applied a kind of Gel or alternative medium with a
similar viscosity, onto the test surface prior commencement of scanning the surface with the test probe.
Uneven surface can impede sound transfer and create non-relevant indications.
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3. What is the most common method to check for cracks in a weld using UT?
Shear wave (angle beam testing) technique
4. Higher frequency transducers are generally better suited for: a) castings b) forgings c) neither
b) Forgings
5. Define sensitivity
To calibrate the UT-Test Unit in conjunction with the calibration / reference block, i.e. “K1” or “K2”, you have
Unit amplification for example of 12dB, this is the calibration sensitivity. To have a better resolution for
detection of irregularities, you put on top another 3dB for transfer correction and another 3dB for
compensation of wave pressure reduction occurred by the steel micro structure. This increase of 6dB means
that the test or scanning sensitivity is doubled. Upon detection of a defect, you have to reduce the 6dB
correction for further evaluation acc. to the negotiated acceptance criteria.
The ability of ultrasonic test system to locate flaws of a know size specified in the referencing code.
6. Define resolution
The resolution depends on correct choice of test unit incl. choice of test transducer, proper calibration incl.
all above mentioned correction compensations, test surface condition, depth -type – size -characteristic of
defects.
Resolution is the ablitity of an ultrasonic system to differentiate between two reflectors.
7. Which transducer provides greater sensitivity and resolution: a) low frequency b) high frequency c)
expensive transducers.
b) High frequency, due to the shorter wave length.
8. TRUE or FALSE: Ultrasonic is the preferred method for examining clad plate for lack of bonding.
TRUE 正确
9. List at least three types of defects can be detected by ultrasonic testing?

Lack of bonding, none metallic inclusion, porosity / pores, overlaps
Lack of fusion, cracks
10. What level of certification must an ultrasonic test operator, working independently, have as a minimum?
For plate and bar stock ferro materials, using longitudinal wave technique: Level 1 required, for testing of
weld connections using shear wave technique, testing of austenitic: Level 2 required.
When working independent and evaluating and classifying UT flaws level 2 is required
Level 2 was required.
11. When examining materials for planar flaws oriented parallel to the part surface, what test method is most
often used? a) angle beam b) through transmission c) straight beam d) dual crystal
c) straight beam,
12. Compensation for a variation in echo height related to variations in discontinuity depth in the test
material is known as: a) transfer b) attenuation c) distance amplitude correction d) interpretation
c)
13. TRUE or FALSE: As transducer diameter decreases, the beam spread decreases.
False
14. TRUE or FALSE: In general, for a given frequency, shear waves are more sensitive to small
discontinuities than longitudinal waves.
Ture
15. Low frequency sound waves are not generally used to test thin materials because of a) the repaid
attenuation of low frequency sound b) incompatible wavelengths c) poor near surface resolution d) none
of the above.
c）
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Questionnaire and Answer Sheet PT (LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING)
渗透检验
1. Is PT an acceptable method for non-ferrous materials?
YES 是的
2. What is dwell time?

Penetration time of the red liquid spray, between application to surface and remove from the surface,
generally 15 min. at room temperature. Dwell time depends on type of penetrant and temperature.
Waiting time, penetration time of the dye.
3. For the fluorescent penetrant method what is the minimum amount of time the examiner must be in the
darkened area?
Minimum 5 min.
4. TRUE or FALSE: It is possible to detect defects by liquid penetrant examination that cannot be detected
by radiography.
True, especially defects close to surface or open to surface.
5. Can Liquid penetrant inspection be used on hot assemblies?

No
6. Can color contrast penetrant testing be performed in broad daylight?

YES 可以。 min 1000flux (100Fc)
7. What type of defects can liquid penetrant testing detect?

Only defects which are open to the surface, due to the capillary effect.
8. Which of the following physical properties, more than any other, determines what makes a material a
good penetrant? a) Viscosity b) Surface tension c) Wetting ability d) No single property if a material will
or will not be a good penetrant.
d
9. Which of the following is not a recommended method for cleaning a surface prior to a liquid penetrant
test: a) acid etching b) vapor degreasing c) liquid solvent d) sand blasting e) all of the above are
acceptable
D
10. Which of the following are typical of foreign matter which might block the openings of discontinuities if
the surface of a test specimen is not cleaned properly? a) water b) oxides c) carbon d) all of the above
d)
11. If a penetrant test is to be conducted using a visible dye penetrant in pressurized spray cans, the
temperature of the test area should not be lower than: a) 90 degrees F b) 60 degrees F c) 40 degrees F
d) 0 degrees C
c
12. Developer assists in the detection of penetrants retained in discontinuities by aiding the: a) post
cleaning process b) emulsification process c) bleed-out process d) drying process
d)
13. A commonly used method of checking on the overall performance of a penetrant material system is by:
a) determining the viscosity of the penetrant b) measuring the wet ability of the penetrant c) comparing
two section of an artificially cracked part
c) Use a reference pcs.
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14. Which of the following visible dye penetrants is more sensitive for detecting fine grinding cracks? a)
non-water soluble visible dye penetrants b) water washable visible dye penetrants c) all dye penetrants
are about equal in sensitivity
a)
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: ELECTRICAL 1

电学
1. How would you describe the functions of a generator and a motor?
A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. 发电机是将机械能转换为电能。
A motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.发动机是将电能转化为机械能。
2. Is the efficiency of a synchronous motor expected to be higher than an induction motor?
Yes.是的。
3. How is a power factor of the load obtained on a synchronous machine?
Excitation adjustment 激发调节器
4. Why is shaft current insulation required on large motors and when should it be checked i.e. before or after
assembly?
To eliminate the possibility of bearings damage caused by current circulating from the shaft through the
bearing to the pedestal and back to the other end of the shaft. The insulation resistance should be checked
on the bearing before assembly of the shaft since only one bearing is normally insulated.
5. What would you consider to be the basic purchase order information you would need to proceed with a
cable inspection assignment?
a) Size of the cable 电缆的尺寸
b) Voltage rating 额定电压
c) Quantity 数量
Others: Type of insulation, number of conductors, applicable standards, ultimate service.
其它：绝缘类型、缆芯数量、适用标准、最终服务。
6. What is the relationship between the phase voltage and the line voltage in a 3-phase 4-wire system?
LV = 1.732 x PV 线路电压= 1.732 x 相电压
7. Define magnetic centre, in a motor.
The point where the magnetic pull on the rotor is the same in both axial directions.
8. The temperature rise test of a motor is conducted:
From a cold start until the temperature reaches a steady high at full load.
9. Regarding safety, what would you consider the most important rules to observe when inspecting electrical
equipment?
During testing remain in the designated safe areas. Do not touch anything until you are certain it is
deenergized.
10. What determines the speed of the rotating field?
Number of poles and frequency of supply.磁极数量和供给频率
RPM = sfreq x 60 每分钟转数=供给频率×60
No. pairs of poles 磁极的对数
11. What is some of the information the inspector can find in the appropriate cable standards?
a) Conductor diameters, areas, resistance, stranding 缆芯直径、范围、电阻、绳股
b) Insulation thickness 绝缘厚度
c) Shielding, jacketing 防护物、护套
d) Length of test samples 试验样品的长度
e) Physical an aging requirements 自然老化条件
12. Name the components you would expect to find in a switchgear assembly.
Relays, Fuses, Meters, Transformers, Circuit Breakers, Bus Bars, Terminal Blocks, Terminal Switches,
Indicating Lights.
13. What are some of the production tests performed on transformers?
Measurement of: Impedance, no load losses, winding resistance, winding ratio, insulation integrity,
magnetizing or saturation tests, short circuit test.
14. When a primary current injection test is required, it is accomplished by:
The correct answer is: 4 正确答案：4
Applying high current with a low voltage tests source. 应用高电流和一个低电压的源
15. When a hand cranked megger is used to check most three-phase induction motors, how many tests are
required? Why?
One. the motor windings are connected internally so a test on one lead checks the entire winding.
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16. When the quantity of cable being purchased is not sufficient, according to the standards, to require
complete testing, what should the inspector do to ensure its quality?
Witness the tests which are being conducted on his order and examine the vendor’s records of the latest
complete test performed on this type cable.
17. What is the purpose of a temperature rise or heat run test in a motor or transformer and how is it done?
To check the temperature rise of the windings does not exceed the insulation rating.
An accurate way to measure the temperature rise is to measure the change in resistance of the windings
after running the equipment for a given period of time.
18. How is the slip of a motor usually described or expressed?
As a % or fraction of a synch speed.
19. Define end float, in a motor.
The axial movement of a rotor in a sleeve bearing motor.
20. Name two locations in a Class 1, Division 1, Group D area where conduit seals are required by the NEC.
In each conduit run entering an enclosure for apparatus which may produce arcs, sparks or high
temperatures. Seals shall be placed no more than 18” from enclosure.
In each conduit run leaving the Class I, Division 1, location.
21. Describe the meaning of Ohm’s Law.
It states that the current in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage an inversely proportional to the
resistance.电路中的电流与电压成正比，与电阻成反比。I = E/R（I= U/R）
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: CABLE 1
电缆
1.What would you consider to be the basic parts of a high voltage power cable?
Insulation, Power IB, Conductors
2. What descriptive information does the NEC require to be marked on all conductors and cable?
Voltage, Conductor Size 电压、缆芯尺寸
3. The direct-current voltage test will be applied for how many minutes for shields cable?
a) 5 minutes b) 10 minutes c) 15 minutes d) 20 minutes
Answer b) 10 minutes 10 分钟
4. The alternating-current voltage test will be applied for how many minutes?
交流电压试验脚将被使用多少分钟？
a) 5 minutes b) 10 minutes c) 15 minutes d) 20 minutes
Answer a) 5 minutes 5 分钟
5. TRUE OR FALSE: The direct-current spark test is applicable to single-conductor cable and assemblies of
insulated single-conductor cables without insulation shield, metallic sheath, or metallic armor.
False 错误
6.TRUE OR FALSE: The insulation resistance test shall be measured before the alternating-current voltage test and
after any direct-current voltage tests.
True 正确
7. In according with the NEC, conductors and cables shall be durably marked on the surface of intervals not exceeding
how many inches?
a) 18 inches b) 24 inches c) 36 inches d) 48 inches
Answer b) 24 inches 24 英寸
8. TRUE OR FALSE: Metal-covered multiconductor cables shall employ a marker tape located within the cable an
running for ist complete length, in lieu of cable surface marking.
True 正确
9. In accordance with the NEC which of the following colors would be permitted for an equipment grounding conductor?
a) Black 黑色
b) Green with a Yellow Stripe 绿色和一条黄色条纹
c) White 白色
d) Natural Gray 自然灰色
e) Green 绿色
Answer b) Green with a Yellow Stripe 绿色和一条黄色条纹 c) White 白色
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: INSTRUMENTATION 1 设备 1

1. What is the function of a barrier in an intrinsically safe circuit and how would you check for correct
installation?
Barrier safeguards hazardous area wiring and equipment against faults in the safe area. Check installation
against drawings. Any divergence will invalidate I.S. Certification.
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2. What is meant by a flameproof/explosion proof enclosure and what sort of information would you expect
to find on a name plate attached to such an enclosure?
An explosion proof enclosure is designed to contain an explosion such that escaping gases are incapable of
igniting flammable mixture surrounding the enclosure.
The device must be marked with manufacturer’s name, trademark, electrical ratings, Class an Group for
which approved, ambient temperature or temperature code.
In addition a name plate must be affixed carrying the following statement or an approved equivalent:
CAUTION – to prevent ignition of hazardous atmospheres, disconnect the device from the supply circuit
before opening. Keep assembly tightly closed when on operation.
3. How would you check the alarm functions of an alarm annunciator? (Assume bare panel standing for test
in a factory).
Input two or more alarms in a related group and in sequence open contacts, acknowledge and determine if
the first remains flashing.
4. Explain what is meant by the functions AND, OR and NOT.
AND output is ON only if all inputs are ON.
OR output is ON if one or more inputs are ON.
NOT output is ON if input is OFF and vice versa.
5. How would you check the calibration of a temperature recorder deriving its input from an external
thermocouple?
Use mV source and T.C. tables. Applied mV=mV equivalent calibration temp.-mV equivalent of cold
junction.使用中等电压源和温度控制表。
6. In what state are relay contacts shown on normal relay circuit diagrams?
De- energised (Shelf condition).
7. How would you start a visual inspection of a control panel at a manufacturers premise? What are the
salient points before starting detailed testing?
Check the panel against P.O. specifications, drawings and manufacturers standards, for compliance.
8. What is meant by “first out” or “first alert” when applied to an annunciator sequence?
First out feature is a means of identifying the first of a group of related or interactive alarm inputs to go into
alarm state.
9. In 1976, IEC Publication 529, Classification of Degrees of Protection provide by enclosures was issued.
This document combines the requirements of IEC 144 which specifies degrees of protection for enclosures
for low voltage switchgear and control gear with those of IEC 34.5 Degrees of Protection by enclosures for
rotating machinery.
An enclosure defined by these standards could be marked by the letters IP followed by two digits. What is
the significance of these two digits?
1st digit – Protection provided against persons. 第一个数字：防止人体接触。
2nd digit – Protection against ingress of water. 第一个数字：防止雨水进入。
10. What markings would you expect to find on apparatus certified for use in potentially hazardous
atmosphere under CENELEC standard EN 50018 (Flameproof enclosure ‘d’).
EExd
European Electro technical Standardization Committee 欧洲电工技术标准化委员会
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: ROTATING EQUIPMENT 1

旋转设备 1
1. What do you look for when inspecting fir tree slots in rotor discs of a gas turbine?
The edges are rounded an there are no cracks.
2. What do you consider a normal acceptable vibration limit for a large gas turbine (RPM 3 to 4 thousand)?
.001” to .002” 0.001 英寸到 0.002 英寸
3. How is the acceptance of fir tree dimensions of blades and rotor discs determined in a gas turbine?
Plug gauge and / or optical comparator.
4. Is it necessary to clean the steam chest prior to running a steam turbine? If so why?
Yes, otherwise nozzles and blading could be damaged.
5. Name two methods of carrying out the NPSH (or suppression) test.
 Vacuum tank, varying the liquid level of suction tank.真空罐、变化液体水平的吸入罐
 Heat the water 加热水
 Throttle the suction.扼制吸入
6. What roughness (surface finish) is required on the gear tooth surface?
32 RMS or better on 90% of the tooth length as measured along the pitch line.
7. After a pump is mounted on a base plate, what dimensions should be checked before shipping?
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 Anchor bolt hole locations.地脚螺栓孔的位置
 Nozzle locations and elevations.管口位置和正面图纸
8. What types of tests / inspections / checks are usually made on centrifugal pumps?
Material check, clearance checks, hydrostatic test, performance test, NPSH or suppression test, internal
examination and dimensional examination.
9. What is the minimum length of time the pressure should be held during the inert gas test of the casing?
30 minutes. 30 分钟
10. How is the hydro test pressure determined for a compressor casing?
1.5. times the maximum design pressure for the casing.
对于套管是 1.5 倍的最大设计压力。
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: ROTATING EQUIPMENT 2

旋转设备 2
1. What type of inspection and tests are usually made on centrifugal pumps?
Material check, Clearance checks, Hydrostatic test, Performance test, NPSH or Suppression test, Internal
examination and dimensional checks.
2. What should be looked for during an internal examination of a compressor after a running test?
Signs of rubing, Chafing or scoring 摩擦、擦磨、划伤的痕迹。
Bearings damage 轴承的损坏
Damage in general to rotating or stationary components 旋转或固定部件的一半损伤。
3. The inspection of a gear unit / gear box consists of what?
Material check, Running test, Internal check after run test, Backlash check, Tooth contact check, Fit spare
gears (if any), Bearing examination after run test.
4. After a pump is mounted on the base plate, what dimensions should be checked before shipping?
Anchor bolt hole locations. 地脚螺栓孔的位置
Nozzle locations and elevations. 管口位置和正面图纸
5. What are some of the tests/inspections performed on a compressor?
Materials, Visual and dimensional, Hydrostatic, Helium leak, Mechanical run, Performance, Spare rotor fit,
Internal Examination after run and noise level.
6. What checks are made when the rotor is installed in the turbine casing?
Proper fit. 合适的安装。
Clearance to manufacturer’s standard (check manufacturer’s records).
Check shaft and float. 检查轴和浮动物。
7. What data is usually recorded during the gas turbine running test?
Speed of gas producer rotor and P.T. rotor, Bearing and gas temperatures, Vibration at various locations,
etc.
8. What roughness (surface finish) is required on the gear tooth surface?
32 RMS or better on 90% of the tooth length as measured along the pitch line.
9. What is “shaft run-out” and how is it measured?
Total eccentricity on the shaft diameter by observing a dial indicator placed adjacent to be bearing journal.
10. Is it necessary that the final dynamic balancing be done on the rotating element with the half coupling
key in place? If so, why?
Yes, to avoid any excessive unbalance after installing key and coupling.
是的，为了避免在安装上锁和联结后又额外的不平衡。
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: LINE PIPE & OCTG 1

线管和油套管 1
1. What is the purpose of the two steps of a flattening test?
Without cracks or breaks other than in the weld for a D/t greater than 10 to one-third of OD
Continue flattening until opposite walls, no evidence of lamination or burnt metal shall develop
during the entire test 对于 D/t 大于 10 的压扁到其外径的 3/4 且除了焊缝外不出现裂缝和破裂；继续压扁直到
两壁接触，没有明显的迭片结构或者灼伤金属在整个试验中逐步显现出来。
For ductility and soundness 为延展性和坚固性。
Page 11 of 59
2. Question
In which API specifications is reference made to a drift test?
那个 API 标准中提及了通径试验？
Answer
API 5CT
3. Question
Describe a reverse flattening test on a welded tube – what results would cause the test to be rejected?
描述一个反面的在焊接管上进行的压扁试验---什么结果会导致试验不合格？
Answer
A section of tubing is split longitudinally 90 degrees on each side of the weld and the sample opened and
flattened with the weld at the point of maximum bend. there shall be no evidence of cracks, lack of
penetration or overlaps resulting from flash removal in the weld.
油管的一部分沿焊接边被纵向 90 度分离并且试样被压扁展开，并在最大弯曲点呈显出焊缝。焊缝毛刺的移除
处不应出现明显的裂缝、缺失渗透、重叠。
4. Question
What is looked for during the flattening test?
压扁试验要寻找些什么？
Answer
That no cracks or breaks occur in the sample prior to a specific dimension being reached between in the
parallel plates. The subject dimension is determined according to a standard formula. The flattening is
continued until the sample break or the opposite walls of the tube meet.
在两块平行钢板之间距离达到既定尺寸之前，试样没有裂缝，破裂发生。压扁继续进行，直到试样破裂或对应
管壁相接为止。
5. Question
What is the formula used to calculate the hydro test pressure for a pipe?
计算管子水压试验压力的公式是什么？
Answer
P = 2st /d
Where P = hydro test pressure 水压试验压力
S = Fibre stress 纤维应力
T = Nominal wall thickness 名义壁厚
D = Nominal outside diameter 名义外径
6. Question
Three types of threading are specified for casing under API STD 5B. Name two of these thread types.
API 5B 中套管的三种螺纹类型，列出他们中的两个。
Answer
Buttress 偏梯形
Round Thread Csg. & Tbg. 圆螺纹套管和油管
Extreme line 直连型
7. Question
In E.R.W. (electric resistance welded) pipe, how is the integrity of the weld seam maintained per
API-5LX?
API5L 中是如何维持电阻焊管的焊缝的完整性的？
Answer
The correct answer is 2 正确答案：2
Ultrasonic. 超声波
8. Question
The following information was paint stencilled on a length of pipe. What does it mean?
下面的信息是被喷印在一个管子上的。他们的意思是什么？
a) NKK
b) 14.00
c) 54.27
Page 12 of 59
d) X42
e) S
Answer
a) Manufacturer 厂商
b) Diameter 直径
c) Weight 重量
d) Grade 钢级
e) Process of Mgf. (Seamless)加工工艺（无缝）
9. Question
If you are conducting a final inspection only on oil country casing or tubing, apart from a visual and
dimensional check what documentation would you check / review?
如果你对石油专用管执行一个最终检验，除了外观和尺寸检验外，你还需要检查/审查什么文件？
Answer
Master Thread Gauge certification, NDT certification, hydrotest certification, chemical analysis certification,
physical properties certification, tally list.
主要的螺纹规证明、NDT 证明、水压试验证明、化学试验分析证明、物理性能证明、理货单。
10. Question
What is included in a dimensional inspection of a length of pipe?
管子的尺寸检验都包含有哪些项目？
Answer
Length, diameter, wall thickness, end weld prep, straightness, ovality, height of reinforcement (if welded).
Bevel dimensions
长度、直径、壁厚、末端焊接准备、直度、椭圆度、加固高度（如果焊接）、倒角尺寸

线管和油套管 2
1. Question
Of what does pipe inspection at the mill consists?
工厂管子检验包括什么？
Answer
Hydrostatic tests, non-destructive tests, destructive tests, surface visual inspection, dimensional inspection,
marking.
水压试验，无损试验，破坏性试验，表面外观检验，尺寸检验，标识检查
2. Question
What is included in a dimensional inspection of a length of pipe?
管子的尺寸检验包括什么？
Answer
Length, diameter, wall thickness, end weld prep.
长度，直径，壁厚，预备焊接的管端
3. Question
Does a pipe mill hydrostatically test each length of pipe or are hydrostatic tests done on a random basis?
工厂进行是对每根管子水压试验还是随机抽取管子进行水压试验？
Answer
Each length is tested.
每根管子都要进行试验
4. Question
Do the ASTM Standards require pipe to be weight?
ASTM 标准要求管子秤重吗？
Answer
Yes.
是的
5. Question
What is the purpose of a flattening test?
Page 13 of 59
压扁试验的目的是什么？
Answer
The first step of a flattening test is a test for ductility. The second step is a test for soundness.
压扁试验的第一步是测试延展性，第二步是测试坚固性
1. For X60 and higher WT 12.7mm or greater flatten to two-thirds of OD without weld opening, for all
other combinations of pipe grade and specified WT, flatten to one-half of OD without weld opening.
对于 X60 钢级和厚度高于 12.7mm 压扁到外径的 2/3，在没有焊接端的情况下。其他钢级和特殊壁厚的连接
处，压扁到外径的一半，在没有焊接端的情况下。
2. For pipe with a D/T greater than 10, cont. flattening to one-third of OD without cracks or breaks
other than in the weld.
对于直径/壁厚大于 10，压扁到外径的 1/3，在没有裂缝和破裂的情况下。
3. For all pipe D/t, cont. flattening until opposite walls of pipe meet; no evidence of laminations or
burnt metal shall develop during the entire test, for Grade A25 welded pipe, flatten to three-fourth of
the OD without weld fracture. Cont. flattening to 60% of the OD without cracks or breaks other than
in the weld.
对于所有管子的 D/t，连续压扁直到管子两壁接触；没有明显的迭片结构或者灼伤金属在整个试验中逐步显
现出来。对于 A25 钢级的焊缝管，压扁到其外径的 3/4 且不出现焊缝破裂。继续压扁到外径的 60%且在焊缝
的其他部位不出现裂缝、破裂。
6. Question
How is a flattening test performed on pipe?
压扁试验是怎样在管子上作的？
Answer
A sample piece of pipe not less than 2 ½” (63,5 mm) in length is flattened cold between parallel plates.
管子试样的一段，长度不小于 2 ½” (63,5 mm)，被平行钢板冷压扁。
7. Question
What is looked for during the first step of a flattening test?
压扁试验的第一步要寻找什么缺陷？
Answer
That no cracks or breaks occur in the sample prior to a specific dimension being reached between the
parallel plates. The subject dimension is determined according to a standard formula.
在两块平行钢板之间距离达到既定尺寸之前，试样没有裂缝，破裂发生。
8. Question
Of what does the second step of a flattening test consists?
压扁试验的第二步包括什么？
Answer
The flattening is continued until the sample break or the opposite walls of the tube meet.
For pipe with a D/t greater than 10, cont. flattening to one-third of the original OD without
Cracks or breaks other than in the weld.
压扁要进行到试样破裂或对应管壁相接为止。
对于 D/t 大于 10，压扁到原始外径的 1/3，且在焊缝的其它部位没有裂缝和破裂。
9. Question
What imperfections in the sample would cause the second step of the flattening test to be rejected?
试样的什么缺欠会导致压扁试验的第二步不合格？
Answer
Evidence of laminated or unsound material or incomplete weld.
明显的夹层或材料不够稳定或不完全焊接
10. Question
Describe a reverse flattening test on a welded tube – what results would cause the test to be rejected?
描述一个反面的在焊接管上进行的压扁试验---什么结果会导致试验不合格？
Answer
A section of tubing is split longitudinally 90 degrees on each side of the weld and the sample opened and
flattened with the weld at the point of maximum bend. there shall be no evidence of cracks, lack of
penetration or overlaps resulting from flash removal in the weld.
油管的一部分沿焊接边被纵向 90 度分离并且试样被压扁展开，并在最大弯曲点呈显出焊缝。焊缝毛刺的移除
处不应出现明显的裂缝、缺失渗透、重叠。
Page 14 of 59
11. Question
Describe a flaring test and its requirements.
描述扩口试验及其要求。
Answer
A section of tube shall stand being flared with a tool having a 60 degree included angle until the tube at the
mouth of the flare has been expanded to a specified percentage without cracking or showing flaws.
油管的一部分应竖立且用一个有 60 度角的工具向外扩开，直到扩展开的管口被扩张到规定的比例，且没有裂
缝、、裂纹出现。
12. Question
What is a flange test and what results are required?
什么是弯边试验，要求的结果是什么？
Answer
A section of tube shall be capable of having a flange turned over at a right angle to the body of the tube
without cracking or showing flaws.
油管一段应能够让弯边从右角度折弯到管体，不能有裂缝或其他缺陷。
13. Question
What information should be stamped on a butt-weld fitting?
对接焊管件需标识什么信息？
Answer
Manufacturer’s name or trade mark, schedule number or nominal wall thickness, size and type of material.
生产商的厂名或商标、时间编码、名义壁厚、尺寸和材料型号。
14. Question
At what depth does an imperfection become injurious to a butt-weld fitting?
缺欠到什么程度可危害对接焊管件？
Answer
When it is in excess of 12 ¼ percent of the nominal wall thickness or when it encroaches on the minimum
wall thickness.
当缺欠超过百分之 12 ¼ 名义壁厚或超出最小壁厚时。
15. Question
What non-destructive examination would you expect to have been performed on a 36” diameter welded
elbow?
36”直径焊接机械肘要进行那种无损检验？
Answer
Radiography of the weld. 射线检验焊缝
16. Question
What dimensions should be checked when inspecting a raised face welding neck flange?
当检验凸面焊颈弯边时，要检查什么尺寸？
Answer
Outside diameters; inside diameters; wall thickness; flange thickness; height of raised face; length through
the hub; bolt circle diameter; bolt hole diameter, RF surface.
外径，内径，壁厚，弯边厚度，凸边高度，穿过毂的长度，螺栓圆周直径，螺栓钻孔直径，RF（射频）表面。
17. Question
What is the purpose of spot or back facing on flange bolt holes?
检查凸缘螺栓孔背面目的是什么？
Answer
Ensure a proper seating surface for the washer or nut.
为垫圈和螺母的安装确保合适的就座面。
18. Question
How should a socket weld flange be set up for welding to a pipe?
一个有钻孔的焊接法兰如何被安装（焊接）到管子上？
Answer
So as to maintain approximately a 1/16” gap between the face of the pipe and the inner lip of the flange
(ANSI 31.3).
在管子表面和法兰的内唇缘保留一个大约 1/16 英寸的缺口。
Page 15 of 59
19. Question
Can a seal weld be considered as adding a strength to a threaded joint?
密封焊接能被认为向螺纹接缝增加力量吗？
Answer
No. (ANSI 31.3)不能。
20. Question
If threaded joints are seal welded, what percentage of the threads must be covered by the weld?
如果螺纹接缝时密封焊接的，那么焊接时将要覆盖的螺纹的百分比为多少？
Answer
100% (ANSI 31.1)
21. Question
If you were inspecting slip on flanges which were to be used in hydrogen service, what special fabrication
technique would you expect to check?
如果你要检查用于氢气服务的法兰的滑动，那么你希望检测什么特殊的制作技术？
Answer
Drilled hole (approximately 1/8”) to vent space between I.D. of flange and O.D. of pipe.
管子外径和法兰内径之间通风地带的钻孔（大约 1/8 英寸）

Pipe Fabrication
管子构成
1. Question
What is the difference between a consumable insert and backing ring in regards to pipe fabrication?
在管子构成方面，自耗嵌块和垫环之间的区别是什么？
Answer
A consumable insert, after welding, becomes an integral part of the weld, a backing ring does not.
自耗嵌块在焊接之后变成焊缝完整的部分，垫环不会。
2. Question
Why are vent holes put in reinforcement pads?
为什么通风孔放入加固衬垫？
Answer
To provide venting during welding and heat treating operations an to reveal leakage in the weld between the
branch and main run of the pipe.
在焊接和热处理操作时提供通风，同时显示分枝和主体管焊缝之间的渗漏。
3. Question
Does ANSI 31.3 permit peening on both the root and cover passes?
ANSI31.3 允许在牙底和盖子口上用锤尖敲击吗？
Answer
Peening is not permitted on the root or cover passes.
不允许
4. Question
What are some ways of visually identifying piping material on the shop floor?
在车间外观识别管子材料有哪些方法？
Answer
Color code, stamping.
色标，锤压印
Page 16 of 59
5. Question
What is one of the serious faults with the use of MIG or MAG welding or pipe joints particularly in out of
position welding?
使用 MIG 或 MAG 焊接或管子连接特别在位置之外焊接的最严重错误之一是什么？
Answer
Proper weld bevel, root gap, bare alignment.
适当焊接倒角，牙底间隙，无遮蔽重合度
6. Question
How would you ensure radiograph have been taken on specific pipe welds?
你怎么确定射线检验施加在确切的焊缝位置？
Answer
Identification which has been entered on films and sometimes drawings.
鉴定显示在胶片、有时候在图画上
7. Question
On welds requiring 100% radiograph what is the minimum number of shots required on 3” diameter pipe?
焊缝需要 100%射线检验，3’’ 外径管子需要的最少拍摄数是多少？
Answer
3
8. Question
How should dimensional checks be made on fabricated spool pieces?
在制成的线轴位置怎样执行尺寸检验？
Answer
Jack stands, V-blocks, or other methods of supporting spool pieces in a level position.
在 a 水平位置 Jack stands, V 形槽或其他支持线轴的方法。
9. Question
What are some of the precautions which should be taken when welding piping materials of alloy material
such as 1 ¼ chrome, 5 chrome, etc?
在焊接如 1 ¼ 铬，5 铬等合金材料的管子材料时应预防些什么？
Answer
Preheat, interpass temperature and post weld heat treatment requirements are to be complied with.
预先加热，传递温度和焊接后热处理需求要照做。
10. Question
What information should be contained in a radiograph of a pipe weld?
对管子焊缝做射线检验需要包含什么信息？
Answer
Penetrameter, joint number, welder symbol, ISO number.
穿透仪表，管号，焊机符号，ISO 号
11. Question
What is meant by double wall radiography technique?
双壁射线技术的含义是什么？
Answer
Source is offset approximately 5-15 degrees from perpendicular (depending on diameter) with film located
on O.D. at fall wall – used on small bare and larger bore with no access to inside.
12. Question
What type of system should the Inspector use for record keeping if assigned full time to shop inspection of
fabricated piping?
如果检验员指派对管子专职现场检验，应使用什么类型的体系来保持纪录？
Page 17 of 59
Answer
Use ISOS – marked ISOS showing location of X-rays, etc. In addition, separate records should be
maintained of welders performance showing number of X-rays, repairs, etc.
使用 ISOS-标记的 ISOS 表明 X 射线的位置，等。此外，应保持焊机性能显示 X 射线数，维修等的单个记录。

管线管&石油专用管
1. Question
How is the pneumatic test pressure calculated in ANSI B 31.3?
风力试验压力在 ANSI B 31.3 是怎么计算的？
Answer
1,5 times.
1,5 次
2. Question
What depth of a defect in a fitting is considered harmful?
配件上多深的缺陷被认为有害？
Answer
According to ANSI B 31.1 any defect smaller min wall thickness: defect > 12.25% t
按照 ANSI B 31.1 任何小于最小壁厚：缺陷>12.25%壁厚
3. Question
Name one of the most common American Material Specifications for fittings.
指出关于配件的一种最普遍的美国材料标准
Answer
ANSI B 16.
4. Question
What is category D and M according to ANSI B 31.3?
依照 ANSI B 31.3，种类 D 和 M 是什么？
Answer
D = Standard service
M = Lethal service
D = 标准服务
M =致命服务
5. Question
What do you use to measure the profile of the raised face on a flange?
你是用什么来测量法兰上凸面的轮廓？
Answer
Roughness meter
粗糙度仪表
Questionnaire Sheet: Line Pipe & OCTG 5

管线管和石油专用管
1. Question
Which data must be included in the welding procedure?
在焊接程序中什么数据必须包含？
Page 18 of 59
A: process type ,groove (joint design , Material Type/Grade , Matl. Thickness ,position of groove, Filler
metal type , Pre-heat requirem. , interpass temperature , post-weld heat treatm. requirements , Shielding
Gas – or flux type , Amperage , electrical characteristics , techniques of welding
答案：加工类型，凹槽（焊口设计，材质类型/钢级，材料厚度，凹槽位置，填充金属类型，预热要求，次间
温度，焊后热处理要求，保护气体——或流量类型，安培数，点的特征，焊接技术
2. Question
Which function do have protective and forming gases
A: To prevent matl. from oxidation during welding

答案：在焊接时预防材料氧化
3. Question
For what defects are pipes to be checked during final inspection / acceptance?
在最终检验/接收时，管体上什么样的缺陷需要检查？
A: Surface defects internally/externally , dents , staightness ,bevel , wth , OD , ID , out of

Roundness , thread damage
答案：内/外表面缺陷，凹坑，直度，倒角，壁厚，外径，内径，圆度，螺纹损伤。
4. Question
Description of flattening-test.
描述压扁试验
A : refer to LP & OCTG 2 Question 12.

答案：参考 LP & OCTG 2 问题 12
5. Question
Description of flange-test.
描述法兰试验
A : a ring is cut from a tube and a flange is turned over at right angles to the body of the tube
by means of a flaring tool and die block
答案：
6. Question
What mechanical tests are to be done on pipes?
管子上作什么样的机械性能试验？
A : Tensile Test , Charpy impact , Hardness , DWTT , Guided bend test , Flattening Test
答案：拉伸试验，夏比冲击试验，硬度试验，落锤撕裂试验，导向弯曲试验，压扁试验
7. Question
Which specification contains high-tested-line pipe? (5LX)
哪个标准包含 high-tested 管线管（5LX）
A: 5LX is an obsolete Standard ! 5L is correct !

答案：5LX 是废除的标准，5L 是正确的
8. Question
Which specification contains ultra-high-tested-line pipe (5LU)
哪个标准包含 ultra-high-tested 管线管（5LU）
A: As above – Standard obsolete ! 5L is correct !

答案：如上，5L 是正确的
9. Question
Scope of inspection in 5L and 5LX regarding weld seam (100%)
关于焊缝（100%）, 5L 里的检验范围
A : US , EMI (for ERW/HF) , US , RT , EMI (for SAW)

Page 19 of 59
答案：超声，电磁（对于电阻焊管/HF 管），超声，射线，电磁（对于埋弧焊管）
10. Question
US-inspection (calibration) without test piece (plate with specified thickness).
超声检验（校验）无需试块（有规定壁厚金属板）
A : test pipe (same dimension/grade) with artificial defects

答案：有人工缺陷试验管（相同尺寸/钢级）
11. Question
What is the use of a penetrometer in connection with X-ray?
与 X 射线有关的渗透计的作用是什么？
A : To indicate radiographic sensitivity and quality of techniques

答案：指示射线照相灵敏度和技术质量
12. Question
3 (three) steel manufacturing procedures.
3 种炼钢程序
A : Basic oxygen , open hearth , electric furnace

答案：基本氧，平炉，电炉
13. Question
Mechanical technological values for material testing (yield strength, tensile strength, elongation ... with units)
材料试验的机械性能值（屈服强度，拉伸强度，延伸率…有单位）
A : psi ,MPa , N/ mm² , % , Fracture toughness : ft-lb , J

答案：psi ,MPa , N/ mm² , % , 断裂韧度：ft-lb , J
14. Question
Which lab-tests require 100% surveillance?
哪种实验室试验需要 100%监督？
A : Mechanical properties testing

答案：机械性能试验
15. Question
Which defects cannot be detected with Radiographic (X-ray) and why?
那种缺陷不能用射线（X 射线）探测出来，为什么？
A : Laminations (no reduction in wth)

答案：迭片结构（壁厚无减少）
16. Question
Demarcation / definition of application for DP and magnetic particle inspection.
划分/定义 DP 和磁粉检验
A : DP can be done on non-magnetic materials , MPI only on ferro-magnetic ones

答案：DP 可以施加于无磁性材料，磁粉检验只能施加于铁磁性材料
17. Question
What tests have to be made on the welded area (after removal)?
需要在焊接区域（移除后）做什么试验？
A : check of remaining wth

答案：检查保留的壁厚
18. Question
Which pipes may not be used for sour gas operation? (plastic pipes)
什么管子不能用于酸性气体作业？（塑料管）
Page 20 of 59
A : made from steels which are not HIC resistant
答案：由不能抵抗 HIC 的钢铁做成的管子
19. Question
Has each pipe to be checked exposed to water pressure?
每根管子都应做水压试验吗？
A : Yes
答案：是的
20. Question
Which specifications / details must be given in the impact test report / record?
哪种规范/细则必须列举在冲击实验报告/记录中？
A : Temperature , shear area , single and average values of energy absobed , specimen size ,
Lateral expansion
答案：温度，剪切面积，吸收能单个或平均值，样品型号，旁向膨胀。
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: LINE PIPE 6

管线管
1. Question
Name at least two (02) API line pipe standards.
说出至少两个 API 管线管标准
Answer
API 5L, API 5LC, API 5LD
2. Question
What is the maximum surface imperfection depth allowable by API?
API 允许的最深表面缺欠是多少？
Answer
12.5 %
3. Question
What is the difference between a defect and an imperfection/indication?

缺陷和缺欠/指示的不同之处是什么？
Answer
Defect: imperfection of sufficient magnitude to warrant rejection of product Imperfection:
discontinuity/irregularity in product detected by methods outlined in spec.
缺陷：足够大的构成拒收的缺欠
缺欠：标准所列方法探测出的产品上的不连续性/不规则性
4. Question
What is a “jointer” as referred to by API standards?
API 标准提到的“接管”是什么？
Answer
2 lengths of pipe coupled or welded together
两根车丝或焊接的管子连在一起
5. Question
Name the two methods recommended by API for 100% NDE inspection of ERW seams in the pipe mill.
列举 API 推荐的两种在工厂 100%无损检验直缝高频电阻焊管焊缝的方法
Answer
EMI, Ultrasonic Testing
Page 21 of 59
电磁检验，超声检验
6. Question
Name the two methods recommended by API for 100% NDE inspection of SAW seams in the pipe mill.
列举 API 推荐的两种在工厂 100%无损检验埋弧焊管焊缝的方法
Answer
Ultrasonic Insp., Fluoroscopic Insp.
超声检验，荧光检验
7. Question
What material properties are determined when an API drop weight test is performed?
落锤试验决定什么物质性能？
Answer
Fracture ductility (fracture appearance)
破裂展延性（破裂表现）
8. Question
API material grade designations are comprised of an “X” followed by two digits. What do these two digits
represent?
API 材料钢级由“Ｘ”和两个阿拉伯数字组成，这两个数字代表什么？
Answer
Minimum Yield strength x 1000 psi (Example: X42 = YS = 42,000 psi)
最小屈服强度Ｘ 1000 psi（例如 X42 = 屈服强度= 42,000 psi）
9. Question
Which API standard covers thread inspection of API 5L tubulars?
哪个 API 标准包含对 API 5L 管子螺纹的检验？
Answer
API 5B
10. Question
API requires all finished pipe be visually examined and free of defects. Describe three types of defects
which can be found during visual inspection．
API 要求所有成品管外观检查且无缺陷。描述３种在外观检查中可以发现的缺陷
Answer
Dents, Straightness, Ovality, Surface
Defects (caused by mechanical impact), Offset of plate edges (welded pipe), Bevel damage
凹坑，直度，椭圆度，表面缺陷（由于机械撞击造成），金属板边缘偏移（焊管），倒角损伤
11. Question
How is pipe straightness measured?
管子直度是怎么测量的？
Answer
By applying taut string or wire from end to end measuring the greatest deviation
通过在管子两端绷紧绳子或金属丝测量最大的背离。
12. Question
Does the coupling length need to be included in determining pipe length?
在决定管子长度是接箍长度算在内吗？
Answer
Yes
是的
13. Question
Page 22 of 59
What determines Line Pipe Diameter – Inside Diameter or Outside Diameter measurements?
用什么测定管线管尺寸——外径或内径？
Answer
Diameter tape for pipe larger than 20”, Snap gage, caliper for pipe 20” and less
直径卷尺测量大于 20”管子，卡尺，卡钳测量 20”或更小的管子
14. Question
What determines coupling Diameters – Inside Diameter or Outside Diameter measurements?
用什么测定接箍尺寸——外径或内径？
Answer
As 13. above
同上
15. Question
List at least three types of dimensional checks that are typically required for line pipe?
列举管线管所需的至少３类尺寸检验？
Answer
ID, OD, Wall thickness, Length, Ovality, Straightness, bevel configuration
外径，内径，壁厚，长度，椭圆度，直度，倒角结构
16. Question
What percentage of produced casing and tubing are to be subject to Hydrostatic test?
套管和油管水压试验执行什么比例？
Answer
100 %
17. Question
List three methods of steel making.
列举３种炼钢方法
Answer
Basic oxygen furnace, open hearth furnace, electric arc furnace
氧化炉，平炉，电弧炉
18. Question
Do ASTM standards require pipe to be weighed?
ASTM 标准要求管子称重吗？
Answer
Yes
是
19. Question
TRUE or FALSE: API 5L requires hydrostatic tests to be held a minimum of 5 seconds.
对或错：API 5L 要求水压试验稳压至少５秒钟
Answer
True
对
20. Question
TRUE or FALSE: It is acceptable per API to perform mechanical expansion after hydrostatic testing.
对或错：API 允许在水压试验后执行机械扩张。
Answer
False
错
Page 23 of 59
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: OCTG 7
石油专用管
1. Question
List at least six dimensional check points typically performed on a pipe side buttress casing head.
列举偏梯形套管接头至少 6 个有代表性的尺寸检验点
Answer
Taper, Lead, Thread height, Length imperfect threads, Length perfect threads, Total length, Pitch Diam.,
Stand-off, Length End of pipe to Triangle Stamp, Run-out
锥度，螺距，齿高，不完整螺纹长度，完整螺纹长度，螺纹总长度，斜度尺寸.，紧密距，管端至三角形标记
处长度，螺纹消失点。
2. Question
List at least three mechanical tests required for Grade L80 casing material (ERW).
列举至少 3 项 L80 钢级套管材料（ERW 管）所需的机械性能试验
Answer
Tensile Testing, Hardness, Impact Test, Flattening Test
拉伸试验，硬度试验，冲击试验，压扁试验
3. Question
What is the maximum percentage of acceptable deviation (bow) of the Full Length of the pipe?
管体全长直度的最大容许偏差是多少？
Answer
0.2 % of the total length of pipe
管体全长的 0.2%
4. Question
What is the maximum acceptable distance between the straight edge and the pipe surface in the Hooked
End by using a minimum 6-foot straight edge?
端部直度测量时直尺边与管端弯曲处的最大允许距离是多少?
Answer
0.125”
5. Question
5. Complete the following statement: 80,000 psi is the __________________ of Grade N80 pipe or coupling.
完成下列陈述：80,000 psi 是 N80 钢级管子或接箍的____________
Answer
Min. Yield strength
最小屈服强度
6. Question
List three types of Dimensional checks that are required for a 9-5/8” inch Casing?
列举 9-5/8”套管需要的 3 种尺寸检验
Answer
OD/ID, Wall thickness, Length, Threads (male & female)
外/内径，壁厚，长度，螺纹（公端/母端）
7. Question
At what stage of fabrication is ultrasonic inspection of pipe body being performed?
在哪个制造阶段需要在管体执行超声检验
Answer
Heat treated plain end
热处理过的管子平端
Page 24 of 59
8. Question
What is the wall thickness tolerance (- side) of casing and tubing?
套管和油管的壁厚公差是多少？
Answer
12.5 %
9. Question
TRUE or FALSE: Casing jointers may be coupled by welded or threaded joints.
对或错：套管接管可用焊接或丝扣连接
Answer
True
对
10. Question
What is a jointer (OCTG)?
什么是接管（OCTG）?
Answer
2 pieces coupled to make a standard length
两根连接起来形成标准管体长度
11. Question
Name two (02) API Specifications that are used for inspection of casing, tubing and drill pipe.
说出两种用于检验套管，油管和钻杆的 API 标准。
Answer
API 5CT + 5B, API 5D + API 7
12. Question
TRUE or FALSE: Hydrostatic holding time for casings is not to be less than five (05) seconds.
对或错：套管水压试验的稳压时间不应少于 5 秒钟
Answer
True
对
13. Question
What is a “Saddle Gauge” used for?
“鞍规”用于什么？
Answer
For measuring eccentricity of Drill Pipe
用于测量钻杆的离心率。
14. Question
A defect can be removed by grinding provided the remaining wall thickness is not less than what percentage
of the specified wall thickness?
一个缺陷可以通过研磨的方法去除，只要剩下的壁厚不少于规定壁厚的多少？
Answer
12.5 %
15. Question
Name the two (02) test methods used to perform 100% NDE on welded pipe seams supplied per API 5CT.
按照 API 5CT,说出两种用于在焊缝管焊缝上执行 100%无损检验的方法
Answer
Ultrasonic Testing, RT
超声，射线
Page 25 of 59
16. Question
Name the two (02) types of casing threads.
说出两类套管螺纹
Answer
Round (short or long), Buttress
圆螺纹（短圆螺纹或长圆螺纹），偏梯形螺纹
17. Question
Is it necessary to verify the hardness of referenced master gauges (plug and ring gauges)?
有必要校验提到的标准规的硬度吗（塞规和环规）？
Answer
Yes – shall be between 60 and 63 Rockwell C
是的-应在 60 到 63 洛氏硬度之间。
18. Question
What must an inspector verify before a master reference gauge is used for thread inspection (plug or ring
gauge)?
在标准规（塞规或环规）用于螺纹检验之前，检验员必须校验什么？
Answer
Calibration validity of Master gauge
校验标准规的有效性。
19. Question
Is it necessary to recertify reconditioned thread gauges?
有必要重新校验修复过的螺纹量规吗？
Answer
Yes
是的
20. Question
TRUE or FALSE: API 5CT requires that all casing and tubing couplings be screwed onto the pipe”power-
tight”.
对或错：API 5CT 要求所有的套管和油管接箍“机紧”拧接在管子上
Answer
True
对
21. Question
Are visible seams or cracks acceptable on finished couplings?
成品接箍上允许可视的发裂或裂纹吗？
Answer
No
不行
22. Question
Does API 5CT require NDE of finished couplings?
API 5CT 要求对成品接箍进行无损检验吗？
Answer
Yes – wet MPI inside/outside
是的-湿磁检验接箍内外表面。
23. Question
Are internal imperfections allowed in couplings?
Page 26 of 59
接箍允许内部缺欠吗?
Answer
No
不允许
24. Question
Name an API standard in which reference to drift testing is made.
说出有关通径试验的 API 标准
Answer
API 5CT (OCTG), API 6A (Wellhead Equipment)
API 5CT( 石油专用管)， API 6A(井头设备)
25. Question
List three (03) types of joint.
列举出 3 种类型的连接
Answer
圆／偏／直
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: VALVES 2

阀门 2
1. Question
Which API Specifications apply to the fabrication, inspection and testing of valves?
哪些 API 标准应用于阀门的制造，检验和试验？
Answer
 API 598, Valve Inspection and test
 API 599, Steel Plug Valves
 API 600, Steel Gate Valves
 API 604, Ductile Iron Gate Valves
 MSS SP-55 (Visual Inspection of Casting)
 API 6D, Pipeline Valves
 API 598, 阀门检验与试验

 API 599, 钢旋塞阀
 API 600, 钢闸阀
 API 604, 展延性铁闸阀
 MSS SP-55 铸件外观检验
 API 6D, 管道阀
2. Question
Which API specification govern valve hydrostatic test pressures?
哪个 API 标准控制阀门水压试验压力？
Answer
API 598
3. Question
What pressure tests are required on gate valves?
闸阀需要什么压力试验？
Answer
Shell or body, low pressure seat test and backseat test (high pressure closure test – only if specified in
order).
外壳或阀体，低压座试验和上密封实验（高压关闭试验- 仅当订单要求时）
4. Question
Page 27 of 59
For the low pressure seat test what test medium is used?
对于低压座试验使用什么试验媒介?
Answer
Air or inert gas.
空气或惰性气体
5. Question
Should the shell test be done after the valve is painted?
壳体试验宜在阀门喷漆后进行吗？
Answer
No
不行
6. Question
What position is the gate in, during the shell test?
在壳体试验时，闸门处于什么位置
Answer
Partially closed.
部分关闭
7. Question
What position is the gate in, during the backseat test?
在上密封试验时，闸门的位置是什么？
Answer
Fully open.
全部打开
8. Question
Is the packing gland to be tight during the backseat test?
在上密封试验时填料函需要绷紧吗？
Answer
No, the packing gland is to be loose.
不，填函料是松散的
9. Question
Is leakage permitted on the backseat test?
上密封试验允许有泄漏吗
Answer
No.
不行
10. Question
What is the purpose of the backseat test?
上密封试验的目的是什么?
Answer
To facilitate replacement of the stem packing without removing the valve from service.
为了便于移动阀杆 packing 时无需搬动阀门停止其运转
11. Question
What test medium can be used for the shell, backseat and high pressure closure test?
什么试验媒体能用于外壳、后座和高压关闭试验？
Answer
Air, inert gas, kerosene or water (any liquids with a viscosity no higher than water can be used).
Page 28 of 59
空气，惰性气体，煤油或水（任何粘性不高于水的液体都能使用）
12. Question
At what pressure is the low pressure test done?
低压试验在什么压力下进行？
Answer
60 to 100 psig (4.1 to 6.9 bar).
60 到 100 磅/平方英尺
13. Question
Describe the procedure for a low pressure seat test on a solid wedge gate valve.
描述在实心楔形闸门阀上进行低压阀座试验的程序
Answer
Pressure shall be applied successively to each side of the closed valve with the other side open to
atmosphere to check for leakage of the downstream side of the seat.
压力需成功的施加在关闭阀门的两侧，另一边打开通气检查阀座下游边是否泄漏。
14. Question
Is it permissible for a vendor to lubricate valve seats prior to testing?
卖方允许在实验前润滑阀座吗？
Answer
Yes, but only with a film of oil not heavier than kerosene.
是的，但是只能是不重于煤油的一层油
15. Question
What does the term O, S and Y mean?
O,S 和 Y 的含义是什么？
Answer
Outside, Screw and Yoke.
外部，螺丝和支架
16. Question
What parts of a valve make up the “trim”?
阀门那一部分组成“trim”
Answer
Stem, body seat surface, gate seat surface, backseat bushing, stem hole guide.
阀杆，阀体座表面，闸座表面, 后座轴衬，阀杆孔向导
17. Question
What flange finish is standard on steel gate valves?
在钢闸阀中，什么是标准的法兰 finish？
Answer
Serrated.
锯齿状的
18. Question
Is it permissible to use a sealing compound for the installation of threaded seat rings?
允许使用密封剂安装车丝的阀座环吗？
Answer
No (light lubricant only).
不行（只允许少量润滑剂）
19. Question
Can a solid wedge gate be fabricated by welding?
Page 29 of 59
实心的楔形阀能通过焊接方法制造吗？
Answer
Yes.
是的
20. Question
Can gate seats be made by depositing weld metal on the gate?
能通过填充焊接金属做成闸座吗？
Answer
Yes.
是的
21. Question
Is it permissible to supply gate valves with slots rather than holes in the packing gland?
允许供应填料函中有狭槽而非孔的闸阀吗？
Answer
No (holes only).
不行（只允许孔）
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: VALVES / FITTINGS / MISC. 3

阀门／配件 3
1. Question
The drawing in attachment 1 shows a typical gate valve. Identify at least 15 parts by assigning the correct
numbers to the circles based on the part name-number list below.
说出附件一所绘典型闸阀中至少１５个部件
1. Yoke bolting 支架螺栓 13. Stem nut 阀杆螺母
2. Seat ring 阀座环 14. Lantern 提灯
3. Drain plug 排水栓 15. Yoke 支架
4. Backseat bushing 上密封轴衬 16. Gland 填料压盖
5. Valve port 阀口 17. Gland flange 填料压盖法兰
6. Bonnet gasket 阀帽垫片 18. Gland lug bolts and nuts 压盖螺栓和螺母
7. Bonnet bolts an nuts 阀帽螺栓和螺母 19. Gate 闸门
8. Body 阀体 20. Hand wheel 手轮
9. Gland bolts or gland eye bolts and nuts 压盖 21. Stem 阀杆
螺栓或压盖眼螺栓和螺母
10. Bonnet 阀帽 22. One-piece gland (alternative)一块填料压
盖（二中择一）
11. Stem wiper packing 23. Hand wheel nut 手轮螺母
12. Stem packing
Answer
See attached drawing.
参看附件图片
2. Question
闸阀需要什么压力试验？
Answer
Shell, back seat, low pressure seat.
壳体，上密封，低压试验
3. Question
What is the purpose of the back seat test for a gate valve?
对闸阀进行上密封试验的目的是什么？
Answer
Page 30 of 59
To confirm that the valve can be repacked during service.
确保阀门在服役时能被重新包装？
4. Question
What should be checked on the dimensional inspection of a raised faced welding neck flange?
在对凸面对焊法兰做几何尺寸检验时，需要检验什么？
Answer
Flange wall thickness; flange diameter (outside & inside), flange thickness; high of raised face; length
through hub; bolt hole diameter; bolt circle diameter; bore size.
法兰壁厚，法兰直径（外/内），法兰厚度，光滑式密封面高度，length through hub，螺栓孔直径，螺栓圆周
直径，孔径尺寸。
5. Question
Is the packing gland to be tight during the back seat test of a gate valve?
在上密封试验时闸阀填料函需要绷紧吗？
Answer
No, loose.
不，松弛
6. Question
At what depth does an imperfection / defect become normally rejectable in a butt welding fitting?
在对接焊配件中，通常多深的缺欠／缺陷应当拒收？
Answer
Normally, when it is in excess of 12 ¼% of the nominal wall thickness or when it encroaches on the
minimum wall thickness.
通常当它超过名义壁厚的 12 ¼%或当它渗透到规定的最小壁厚时。
7. Question
Answer
No.
不行
8. Question
What visual and dimensional inspection would you carry out on a seamless butt welding elbow?
你在无缝对焊弯头处将执行怎样的外观／尺寸检验？
Answer
Visual: External/Internal surfaces; bevelled ends; proper identification marking.

Dimensional: Wall thickness; Outside diameter; Inside diameter; Radius of elbow.
外观检验：外／内表面，倒角，适当的打印标号
尺寸检验：壁厚，外径，内径，弯头半径
9. Question
凸缘螺栓孔….的目的是什么？
Answer
Ensure proper seating surface for the washer or nut.
确保垫圈或螺母有合适的阀座表面
10. Question
Page 31 of 59
Answer
Yes. Only if necessary to prevent galling.
是的，仅为了防止粘口时使用
Valves / Fittings, Miscellaneous Questionnaire

Attachment to Gate Valve Question 1
Gate Valve
闸阀
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: VALVES / FITTINGS / MISC. 4

阀门/配件 4
Page 32 of 59
1. Question
What is the purpose of a nitrogen gas test on a wellhead assembly?
At what pressure is it carried out?
在井头组装时做氮气试验的目的是什么？
Answer
To check there are no leaks.
At working pressure.
检验是否有泄漏
在工作压力下
2. Question
Answer
Yes, only if necessary to prevent galling.
是的，仅为了防止粘扣时使用
3. Question
What visual and dimensional inspection would you carry out on a seamless butt welding elbow?
你将在无缝对焊弯头处执行怎样的外观／尺寸检验？
Answer
Visual: External/Internal surfaces; bevelled ends; proper identification marking.

Dimensional: Wall thickness; Outside diameter; Inside diameter; Radius of elbow.
外观检验：外／内表面，倒角，适当的打印标号
尺寸检验：壁厚，外径，内径，弯头半径
4. Question
Answer
Ensure a proper seating surface for the washer or nut.
确保垫圈或螺母有合适的阀座表面
5. Question
What should be checked on the dimensional inspection of a raised face welding neck flange?
在对凸面对焊法兰做几何尺寸检验时，需要检验什么？
Answer
Flange wall thickness; flange diameter (outside & inside), flange thickness; hight of raised face; length
through hub; bolt hole diameter; bolt circle diameter; bore size.
法兰壁厚，法兰直径（外/内），法兰厚度，光滑式密封面高度，length through hub，螺栓孔直径，螺栓圆周
直径，孔径尺寸。
6. Question
闸阀需要哪些压力试验
Answer
Shell; backseat; low pressure seat.
壳体试验，上密封试验，低压试验
7. Question
The drawing in attachment 1 shows a typical gate valve. Identify at least 15 parts by assigning the correct
numbers to the circles based on the part name-number list below.
说出附件一所绘典型闸阀中至少１５个部件
1. Yoke bolting 支架螺栓 13. Stem nut 阀杆螺母
2. Seat ring 阀座环 14. Lantern 提灯
Page 33 of 59
3. Drain plug 排水栓 15. Yoke 支架
4. Backseat bushing 上密封轴衬 16. Gland 填料压盖
5. Valve port 阀口 17. Gland flange 填料压盖法兰
6. Bonnet gasket 阀帽垫片 18. Gland lug bolts and nuts 压盖螺栓和螺母
7. Bonnet bolts an nuts 阀帽螺栓和螺母 19. Gate 闸门
8. Body 阀体 20. Hand wheel 手轮
9. Gland bolts or gland eye bolts and nuts 压 21. Stem 阀杆
盖螺栓或压盖眼螺栓和螺母
10. Bonnet 阀帽 22. One-piece gland (alternative) 一根密封管
（二中择一）
11. Stem wiper packing 23. Hand wheel nut 手轮螺母
12. Stem packing
Answer
See drawing.
参看图片
8. Question
Answer
No.
不允许
9. Question
What position is the gate to be in during the shell test?
在壳体试验时，闸门处于什么位置
Answer
Partially closed.
部分关闭
10. Question
At what depth does an imperfection / defect become normally rejactable in a butt welding fitting?
在对接焊配件中，通常多深的缺欠／缺陷应当拒收？
Answer
Normally, when it is in excess of 12 ¼% of the nominal wall thickness or when it encroaches on the
minimum wall thickness.
Valves / Fittings, Miscellaneous Questionnaire

Attachment to Gate Valve Question 1
闸阀问题 1 附件
Page 34 of 59
Gate Valve
闸阀
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: PRESSURE RETAINING EQUIPMENT 1

保压设备
1. Question
What ASME code covers the welding aspects of pressure vessels?
什么美国机械工程协会编码覆盖压力容器焊接方面？
a) ASME Section V -
b) ASME Section I -
c) ASME Section II -
d) ASME Section IX -
Page 35 of 59
Answer
I, V, and IX
2. Question
Does ASME code allow openings through welded joints to accommodate nozzles?
美国机械工程协会允许
Answer
Yes, provided the relevant design criteria of the code are met. However, nozzles in welded joints should be
avoided whenever possible.
是的，只要相关设计标准编码满足要求。但是，焊接缝喷嘴如果可能的话要尽量避免。
3. Question
What is meant by the term floating header in relation to an air-cooled heat exchanger?
移动喷口在用空气冷却的热交换器中的意思是什么？
Answer
One of the 2 headers of an air cooled heat exchanger is called the floating header, which should be free to
move with thermal expansion of the tubes.
空气冷却热交换器中两个喷口中的一个叫移动喷口，它可随管子热膨胀自由活动。
4. Question
The drawing in “attachment 1” shows a typical floating head type heat exchanger. Can you identify at least
18 parts by assigning the correct numbers to the circles based on the part name-number list given below?
写出附件 1 换热器图形中至少 18 个部件
1. Channel 通道 13. Instrument connection 工具连接
2. Support Saddle 支座 14. Shell nozzle 壳体开口
3. Shell 外壳 15. Impingement plate 冲击板
4. Vent connection 通风孔连接 16. Tie rods and Spacers Device 尖端杆和逆电
流器装置
5. Shell cover 端盖 17. Floating head backing
6. Floating tube sheet 移动管板 18. Drain connection 排水管接头
7. Floating head cover（换热器）浮头盖 19. Floating head flange 移动头法兰
8. Transverse baffles 横向挡板 20. Shell flange 外壳法兰
9. Tubes 管子 21. Shell cover flange 外壳盖法兰
10. Channel cover 通道盖 22. Pass partition 通道划分
11. Channel flange 通道法兰 23. Tube sheet 管板
12. Channel nozzle 通道开口
Answer
See attachment.
看以下附件
5. Question
How can you ensure the tube bundle will fit properly in the shell?
怎么确保管束适当的安装在壳体里？
Answer
Pass a template thru the shell
用模板穿过壳体
6. Question
The surface preparation of plate material prior to application of paint, etc., is critical. What is a reasonable
time prior to application of primer in a well heated shop, after blasting.
在油漆之前，板材的表面准备是至关重要的。什么是合理时间
Answer
1 hour.
1 小时
Page 36 of 59
7. Question
What would you look for when checking a piping joint fit-up prior to welding?
在焊接前检验管接安装时，你预期什么？
Answer
Proper weld bevel, root gap and bore alignment.
合适的焊接倒角，底部缺口和钻孔重合度。
8. Question
What are some of the precautions which should be taken when welding piping materials of alloy material
such as 1 ¼ chrome, 5 chrome etc.?
在焊接合金如 1 ¼ 铬和 5 铬等管道材料时，需要预防些什么？
Answer
Preheat and interpass temperatures & PWHT are important.
预热和中间退火温度以及焊后热处理是重要的。
9. Question
Name 3 types of heat exchangers (shell and tube)
说出 3 类热交换器（壳体和管子）
Answer
 Fixed tube sheet type
 Splitring floating type
 Pull trough floating head type
 U Tube type
固定管板型
环状移动型
浮头式拉槽型
U 管子类型
10. Question
If a pressure vessel or heat exchanger is to be designed for sour service conditions what additional standard
should be included in the design?
如果设计在酸性环境工作的压力容器或热交换器，需要在设计是包含什么附加的标准？
Answer
Nace standard ME-01-75
Nace 标准 ME-01-75
Pressure Retaining Equipment Questionnaire

保压设备问卷
Attachment to Floating Head Type Heat exchanger Question 1

附件 1
Page 37 of 59
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: COATING 1
涂层 1
1. Question
To assure a good thermal pickle, the pipe should be baked in the burner oven at a temperature of:
为了确保良好的热浸，管子在火炉中烘烤的温度须达到——
Answer
The correct answer is: 1
A minimum of 700 degrees f, but no more than 750 degrees f.
最小 700 华氏度，但不能超过 750 华氏度。
2. Question
The end finish detail (wrapping the coating around 2 threads on 8 round pipe, wrapping the coating around
the end on zaplock pipe etc.) isn’t nearly as critical as the internal portion of the pipe coating because the
corrosive fluids go through the I.D. of the pipe.
True or False?
管端加工要求细节没有管内部分涂层的要求高因为防腐液穿过管体内径。
对／错？
Answer
False.
错
3. Question
During the visual inspection immediately prior to holiday testing, some defects such as pinholes or
incomplete coverage of the topcoat on the threads on 8 round pipe con be tolerated as long as the internal
pipe coating is of the proper thickness, holiday free and meets other quality control requirements.
True or False?
在漏涂试验之前的目检中，有些缺陷例如针孔或 8 圆管螺纹外表面的不完全覆盖是可以接受的，只要管内涂
层有适当的厚度，无漏涂和其他质量控制要求。
对／错？
Answer
False.
错
4. Question
A perfect white metal finish with a good anchor pattern is required after sandblasting only:
有良好底材表面粗糙类型的理想白合金只有在喷沙之后是必需的。
Answer
Page 38 of 59
If specifically so stated on the user’s purchase order.
如果在用户订单中规定。
5. Question
Range II pipe placed in a burnout oven should be supported. (Choose the best.)
范围 2 管子放置在燃尽的炉子里应当支持（选择最佳）
Answer
Four places or every 8”.
四处或每 8 英寸
6. Question
The use of Epoxy Coating Systems for atmospheric services is:
为大气服务的环氧涂层系统的用途是….
Answer
Primarily for marine, industrial or other severe atmospheric services up to 95 deg C.
主要为海运，工业或其他严厉大气服务达到 95 摄氏度。
7. Question
If the thread dope wasn’t removed by steam cleaning or solvent prior to burnout it is okay to remove it:
(Choose the best.)
在燃尽之前，如果螺纹脂没有用蒸汽清理干净或溶解，也可以用……（选择最佳）
Answer
By carefully wire brushing the tread dope from the threads.
用钢丝刷小心的清除管子上的螺纹脂。
8. Question
The primary function of the “thermal pickle” or “burnt oven” is to:
“热浸”或“燃炉”的主要功能是？
Answer
Remove grease and oil.
清除油脂和油污。
9. Question
After blasting the pipe to white metal, it is okay to let it sit prior to priming:
在管子爆破成白色金属之后，可以把它放置在雷管前。
Answer
The correct answer is:1
For 10 to 15 minutes in most types of weather.
在大多数类型天气，10 到 15 分钟。
10. Question
External coating of pipe shall always be done after completing the internal coating of pipe.
True or False?
管子外涂层应总是执行在内涂层完成之后。
对/错？
Answer
True.
对
11. Question
Page 39 of 59
If the sponge or wiper on the holiday tester does not contact 360 degrees of the pipe I.D., the coating is not
being 100% holiday tested.
True or False?
如果漏涂检测仪的海绵或擦器没有 360 度接触管子外径，那么涂层没有 100%漏涂试验。
对/错
Answer
True.
对
12. Question
Liquid coatings are baked between passes:
液体涂层在通道之间烘烤
Answer
1 and 2.
1和2
13. Question
Putting a small amount (1 teaspoon per gallon) of a good wetting agent, such as dishwashing soap, in the
water used to wet the sponge on a holiday tester will improve the ability to detect holidays.
True or False?
加入少量（1 茶匙/加仑）优质湿试剂（例如洗碗肥皂）放入水中，用来打湿漏涂检测仪的海绵体，这样可以
改善仪器探测漏涂的能力。
Answer
True.
对
14. Question
It takes 3 or 4 days in a coating plant to teach someone with no background in coating to be a coating
inspector.
True or False.
在涂层车间花 3 或 4 天时间教没有涂层背景的人成为一名涂层检验员。
对/错？
Answer
False.
错
15. Question
The calibration of a Mikrotest should be checked:
精密试验校准应核对：
a) Whenever it is convenient. 任何方便的时候
b) Whenever there is a discrepancy between the inspector’s Mikrotest and the applicator’s Mikrotest. 任
何时候检验员的精密试验和敷料器的精密试验出现矛盾
c) At least once a day, whenever a Mikrotest is bumped or dropped, and after each time the Mikrotest
is used to check pipe that is too hot to touch. 至少每天一次，任何时候精密试验仪被碰撞或跌地，每
次精密试验仪接触烫手的管子后。
d) At least once a month. 至少每月一次。
Answer
b and c.
b和c
16. Question
Baking the coating at 300 degrees for 12 to 16 hours will do just as good as baking the coating at 400
degrees for 4 or 5 hours.
Page 40 of 59
True or False?
在 300 度的条件下烘烤涂层 12 至 16 小时与在 400 度的条件下烘烤涂层 4 至 5 小时的效果一样。
Answer
False.
错
17. Question
List the two most important factors in securing good coating adhesion to a metal surface.
列举两个用来保护金属表面良好涂层粘着的最重要的因素。
Answer
1. Surface cleanness – white metal.
2. Sufficient profile or anchor pattern.
1.表面清洁—白合金
2. 充分的轮廓或底材便面粗糙类型。
18. Question
Third party inspectors’ responsibilities include:
第三方检验员的职责包括：
Answer
All of above.
以上所有的
19. Question
The proper speed at which a holiday lance or jeep should be run in coated tubing is:
漏涂喷枪或涂层检漏仪在涂层油管上的合适速度是
Answer
60 feet per minute.
每分钟 60 英尺。
20. Question
Most coating failures occur:
多数涂层失效发生在
Answer
In the connection where the pins screw into the couplings or the pin screw into the box.
管子公端拧入接箍端或母端的连接处。
涂层 2
1. Question
The proper speed at which a holiday lance or jeep should be run in coated tubing is:
漏涂喷枪或涂层检漏仪在涂层油管上的合适速度是
Answer
60 feet per minute.
每分钟 60 英尺。
2. Question
Liquid coatings are baked between passes:
液体涂层在通道之间烘烤
Answer
1 and 2.
Page 41 of 59
1和2
3. Question
If the thread dope wasn’t removed by steam cleaning or solvent prior to burnout it is okay to remove it:
(Choose the best.)
在燃尽之前，如果螺纹脂没有用蒸汽清理干净或溶解，也可以用……（选择最佳）
Answer
By carefully wire brushing the thread dope from the threads.
用钢丝刷小心的清除管子上的螺纹脂。
4. Question
The primary function of the “thermal pickle” or “burnt oven” is to:
“热浸”或“燃炉”的主要功能是？
Answer
Remove grease and oil.
清除油脂和油污。
5. Question
Most coating failures occur:
多数涂层失效发生在
Answer
In the connection where the pins screw into the couplings or the pin screw into the box.
管子公端拧入接箍端或母端的连接处。
6. Question
A perfect white metal finish with a good anchor pattern is required after sandblasting only:
有良好底材表面粗糙类型的理想白合金只有在喷沙之后是必需的。
Answer
If specifically so stated on the user’s purchase order.
如果在用户订单中规定。
7. Question
Third party inspectors’ responsibilities include:
第三方检验员的职责包括：
Answer
All of above.
以上所有的
8. Question
List the two most important factors in securing good coating adhesion to a metal surface.
列举两个用来保护金属表面良好涂层粘着的最重要的因素。
Answer
1. Surface cleanness – white metal.
2. Sufficient profile or anchor pattern.
1.表面清洁—白合金
2. 充分的轮廓或底材便面粗糙类型。
9. Question
During the visual inspection immediately prior to holiday testing, some defects such as pinholes or
incomplete coverage of the topcoat on the threads on 8 round pipe con be tolerated as long as the internal
pipe coating is of the proper thickness, holiday free and meets other quality control requirements.
Page 42 of 59
True or False?
在漏涂试验之前的目检中，有些缺陷例如针孔或 8 圆管螺纹外表面的不完全覆盖是可以接受的，只要管内涂
层有适当的厚度，无漏涂和其他质量控制要求。
对／错？
Answer
False.
错
10. Question
If the sponge or wiper on the holiday tester does not contact 360 degrees of the pipe I.D., the coating is not
being 100% holiday tested.
True or False?
如果漏涂检测仪的海绵或擦器没有 360 度接触管子外径，那么涂层没有 100%漏涂试验。
对/错
Answer
True.
对
11. Question
After blasting the pipe to white metal, it is okay to let it sit prior to priming:
在管子爆破成白合金之后，可以把它放置在雷管前。
Answer
The correct answer is:1
For 10 to 15 minutes in most types of weather.
在大多数类型天气，10 到 15 分钟。
12. Question
Baking the coating at 300 degrees for 12 to 16 hours will do just as good as baking the coating at 400
degrees for 4 or 5 hours.
True or False?
在 300 度的条件下烘烤涂层 12 至 16 小时与在 400 度的条件下烘烤涂层 4 至 5 小时的效果一样。
对或错
Answer
False.
错
13. Question
To assure a good thermal pickle, the pipe should be baked in the burner oven at a temperature of:
为了确保良好的热浸，管子在火炉中烘烤的温度须达到——
Answer
A minimum of 700 degrees f, but no more than 750 degrees f.
最小 700 华氏度，但不能超过 750 华氏度。
14. Question
External coating of pipe shall always be done after completing the internal coating of pipe.
True or False?
管子外涂层应总是执行在内涂层完成之后。
对/错？
Answer
True.
对
15. Question
Range II pipe placed in a burnout oven should be supported. (Choose the best.)
Page 43 of 59
范围 2 管子放置在燃尽的炉子里应当支持（选择最佳）
Answer
Four places or every 8”.
四处或每 8 英寸
16. Question
The end finish detail (wrapping the coating around 2 threads on 8 round pipe, wrapping the coating around
the end on zap lock pipe etc.) isn’t nearly as critical as the internal portion of the pipe coating because the
corrosive fluids go through the I.D. of the pipe.
True or False?
管端加工要求细节没有管内部分涂层的要求高因为防腐液穿过管体内径。
对／错？
Answer
False.
错
17. Question
The use of Epoxy Coating Systems for atmospheric services is:
为大气服务的环氧涂层系统的用途是….
Answer
Primarily for marine, industrial or other severe atmospheric services up to 95 deg C.
主要为海运，工业或其他严厉大气服务达到 95 摄氏度。
18. Question
It takes 3 or 4 days in a coating plant to teach someone with no background in coating to be a coating
inspector.
True or False.
在涂层车间花 3 或 4 天时间教没有涂层背景的人成为一名涂层检验员。
对/错？
Answer
False.
错
19. Question
The calibration of a Mikrotest should be checked:
精密试验校准应核对：
e) Whenever it is convenient. 任何方便的时候
f) Whenever there is a discrepancy between the inspector’s Mikrotest and the applicator’s Mikrotest. 任
何时候检验员的精密试验和敷料器的精密试验出现矛盾
g) At least once a day, whenever a Mikrotest is bumped or dropped, and after each time the Mikrotest
is used to check pipe that is too hot to touch. 至少每天一次，任何时候精密试验仪被碰撞或跌地，每
次精密试验仪接触烫手的管子后。
h) At least once a month. 至少每月一次。
Answer
b and c.
b和c
20. Question
Putting a small amount (1 teaspoon per gallon) of a good wetting agent, such as dishwashing soap, in the
water used to wet the sponge on a holiday tester will improve the ability to detect holidays.
True or False?
Page 44 of 59
加入少量（1 茶匙/加仑）优质湿试剂（例如洗碗肥皂）放入水中，用来打湿漏涂检测仪的海绵体，这样可以
改善仪器探测漏涂的能力。
Answer
True.
对

涂层 3
Coating (non critical)
1. Question
Cracking of a coating may be caused from: a) Insufficient thinner b) Surface too hot or too cold
c) Oil or water in airline or surface is not completely clean d) All of the above
涂层裂纹可能是因为：a) 不充足的稀释剂, b)表面太热或太冷， c)表面油或水未完全清除， d)以上所有的
Answer
d
2. Question
What does DFT stand for?
DFT 代表什么？
Answer
Dry Film Thickness
干膜厚度
3. Question
The calibration of a Mikrotest should be checked: a) Whenever it is convenient b) Whenever your
supervisor tells you to c) At least once a day, and whenever a Mikrotest is bumped or dropped
d) At least once a month
精确试验校验应检查：a)任何方便的时候 b) 你的监督人随时叫你做，c) 至少一天一次，或当精密实验仪器被
撞击或掉落， d)至少一月一次
Answer
c, b
4. Question
List the two (02) most important factors in securing good coating adhesion to a metal surface.
列举保护附着在金属表面良好涂层的两个重要因素
Answer
Well cleaned surface, roughness
良好清洁表面，粗糙度
5. Question
An anchor pattern is: a) The type of coating finish b) The type of substrate c) The roughness of the
substrate after cleaning d) The method of curing two paint systems
底材表面粗糙类型是：a) 涂层加工类型， b) 底层类型 c)清洁后底层粗糙度，d)两种油漆系统的修复方法。
Answer
c
6. Question
What is a mil?
Mil 是什么？
Answer
imperial = millinch = mill; to metric = micron = µm
1 mil = 25, 4 µm
千分之一寸
Page 45 of 59
7. Question
TRUE or FALSE: It is acceptable to reject the coating if any single gauge reading is less than the
required dry film thickness.
对与错：如果单项测量读数小于要求的干膜厚度，允许拒收涂层。
Answer
False
错
8. Question
TRUE or FALSE: The type of material being coated can have an effect on the magnetic gauge.
对与错：经涂层的材料能对磁力测微计造成影响。
Answer
True
对
9. Question
During surface preparation, coating application or curing, a periodic check of the will minimize the
chance of premature failure of the applied system: a) Substrate Temperature
b) Air Temperature c) Relative Humidity d) All of the above
在表面准备，涂层施加或修复时，对——定期检验将减少所施加系统的过早破坏：a) 底层温度 b)空气温度 c)
相对湿度 d)以上所有的
Answer
d
10. Question
The ____ is a measurement of the surface roughness created by abrasive blast cleaning:
a) Surface profile b) Anchor pattern c) Anchor profile d) All of the above
——是由喷沙清理造成的表面粗糙度的测量方法 a)表面轮廓 b) 底材表面粗糙类型 c) 固定器轮廓 d) 以上所有
的
Answer
Coating (critical)
1. Question
During surface preparation, coating application or curing, a periodic check of the ______ minimize the
chance of premature failure of the applied system: a) Substrate Temperature b) Air Temperature
c) Relative Humidity d) All of the above
在表面准备，涂层施加或修复时，对——定期检验将减少所施加系统的过早破坏：a) 底层温度 b)空气温度 c)
相对湿度 d)以上所有的
Answer
d
2. Question
Holidays are caused by: a) The entrapped air or solvent that forms voids or bubbles in the coating film b)
the amount of wrinkled coated areas c) The pinholes, skip, discontinuity, voids d) the fine checking,
wrinkling, frosting under certain rying conditions
漏涂是有以下哪项导致的：a)带走的空气或溶剂在涂层膜中形成孔隙或泡沫 b）具皱的涂层区域 c)针孔，跳跃，
不连续，孔隙， d) 在 rying 条件下的微裂，皱纹，无光泽面
Answer
d
3. Question
Page 46 of 59
The primary function of a thermal pickle is to: a) Stress relieve the pipe b) Remove oil, grease and other
deleterious materials c) Remove mill scale d) All of the above
热浸的主要功能是：a)减轻管子应力 b)去油，去脂以及去其他有害物质 c)去处氧化皮 d)以上所有的
Answer
b)
4. Question
a) Erosion b) Corrosion c) Chalking d) De-lamination ________ is a process whereby materials deteriorate
as the result of a reaction between them an their surrounding environment.
a) 腐蚀 b) 侵蚀 c) 粉化 d) 分层_______
Answer
a,b,c
5. Question
______ is the formation of separations of the film that resemble holes or depressions in the coating film: a)
Fish Eyes b) Delamination c) Pinholding d) Blistering
______是防腐薄膜中类似于孔状物的分离薄膜结构：a)白点 b）分层 c)孔 d)水泡
Answer
a,c
6. Question
______________ is a measurement of the surface roughness created by abrasive blast cleaning:
a) Surface profile b) Anchor pattern c) Anchor profile d) All of the above
——是由喷沙清理造成的表面粗糙度的测量方法 a)表面轮廓 b) 底材表面粗糙类型 c) 固定器轮廓 d) 以上所有
的
Answer
d
7. Question
a) Pigment b) Binder c) Filler d) Vehicle ______ is a “discrete particulate solid” used to impart specific
protective or decorative qualities to the coating.
Answer
a
8. Question
Which type of the following coating is cured by heat induced polymerization?
a) Epoxy modified phenolic b) Epoxies c) Epoxy Ester d) Vinyl
一下哪种涂层可以通过热聚合法修复
a) 环氧改良石碳酸 b) 环氧 c) 环氧酯 d)乙烯基
Answer
a
9. Question
Moisture will not condense on the surface unless the surface temperature is: a) Above the dew point b)
Reduced or the dew point goes up c) Increased or the dew point goes down d) None of the above
潮湿不会在表面浓缩，除非表面温度是：a) 在露点以上 b)减少，或旅店上升 c) 上升，或露点下降 d)以上都不
是
Answer
a
10. Question
a) Orange peel b) Dry spray c) Curtain d) wrinkling ___________ is caused by improper atomization due
to low air pressure, fast solvent evaporation or gun too close to surface.
Page 47 of 59
a) 桔皮 b)干燥喷雾 c)帘 d)起皱现象————是由不合适雾化现象导致的，由于低气压，快速溶剂蒸发或喷枪
太接近表面。
Answer
b, d
11. Question
TRUE or FALSE: The basic cause of corrosion of iron and steel is their existence in their metallic form.
对与错：导致铁或钢的腐蚀的基本原因是它们存在于金属结构中
Answer
False
错
12. Question
TRUE or FALSE: Most of thinners can be used as solvents, but not all solvents can be used as thinners.
对与错：大多数稀释剂可用作溶剂，但不是所有的溶剂可用作稀释剂。
Answer
True
对
13. Question
TRUE or FALSE: No premature failure of the applied coating will occur if the coating is top coated before the
primer or intermediate coats have sufficiently cured.
对与错：如果顶部涂层在初道或二道底漆充分修复之前施加，应用涂层就不会发生过早破坏。
Answer
True
对
14. Question
TRUE or FALSE: In some cases, on surfaces such as concrete, where destructive thickness testing is not
desired or allowed, wet film thickness measurements are used in lieu of dry film thickness measurements.
对与错：在一些情况下，例如混凝土表面，破坏性厚度试验时不推崇的或者不允许的，此时使用湿膜厚度测
量代替干膜厚度测量。
Answer
True
对
15. Question
TRUE or FALSE: Blushing caused by moisture condensation in a high humidity atmosphere, fast thinners in
a high humidity atmosphere or condensation on cold surface.
对与错：高湿度气候潮湿条件下造成的雾浊，加固了高湿度气候下的稀释剂或在低温表面浓缩。
Answer
True
对
16. Question
TRUE or FALSE: One of the disadvantages of the air spray is the speed of the fluid flow creates difficulty in
the application process of small intricate items.
对与错：空气喷涂的缺点之一是流体流动速度造成小的复杂的物质施用过程的困难。
Answer
True
对
17. Question
TRUE or FALSE: A good pipeline coating should have high dielectric strength.
Page 48 of 59
对与错：好的管线涂层应有高绝缘强度
Answer
True
对
18. Question
TRUE or FALSE: A smooth finish is best achieved by using small quantities of nodular-type pigments.
对与错：光面精整可以使用小量 nodular-type 色素实现
Answer
19. Question
TRUE or FALSE: Not all coatings are permeable to some extent, and will allow some passage of water
vapor and oxygen through the cured coating film.
对与错：在某种程度上，不是所有的涂层都有浸透性，允许一些水蒸气和氧气通道通过修复的涂层膜。
Answer
True
对
20. Question
TRUE or FALSE: One of the disadvantages of the centrifugal wheel blast cleaning is the surface
contaminants can be driven into the work piece, especially when steel shot is used.
对与错：离心轮喷抛清理的缺点之一是表面污染物可能带到被加工件，特别是使用钢弹。
Answer
true
对
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: STRUCTURAL WELDING 1

结构焊接
1. Question
Briefly explain the weld and NDT symbols listed on the attached sheet:
简要解释附件所列的焊接和无所检验符号：
Answer
a) Fillet weld on opposite side of arrow on object being welded.
b) Fillet weld on both sides of object being welded.
c) Field weld fillet on opposite side and all around object being welded.
d) Perform UT examination on weld opposite of arrow indication.
e) Butt (groove) weld with back weld on other side.
a) 在箭头背面焊接物上角焊
b) 在焊接物两面角焊
c) 在背面和整个焊接体现场焊接圆头
d) 在箭头指示背面执行超声检验
e) 对接（坡口）焊，在背面底焊
2. Question
Holiday denotes to:
漏涂表示：
The skipped, missed or deficient coating areas.
跳过的，遗漏的或不足的涂层区域
3. Question
Define the following terms used in weld inspection:
定义以下焊接检验中用到的术语
Page 49 of 59
a) Joint efficiency
b) Heat-affected zone
c) Post weld heat treatment
d) Welder qualification test
a) 连接效率
b) 热影响区域
c) 焊接后热处理
d) 焊接工资质测试
Answer
a) The strength of a welded joint expressed as a percentage of the strength of the unwelded base
metal.
b) That portion of the base metal which was not melted during brazing, cutting or welding, but whose
microstructure and physical properties were altered by the heating and cooling process.
c) The heating of a weld to a temperature below the critical range in order to allow localized plastic flow
to relieve residual stresses produced after welding.
d) Test of the ability of welders or welding operators to produce acceptable welds with relevant process,
materials and procedures.
a) 焊接缝的力以母材为焊接处的力的百分比表示。
b) 在钎焊，切削或焊接时未融化，但其微观结构和物理性能都应加热和冷却过程而改变的部分母材。
c）加热焊接物至临近范围温度以下使得局部粘流释放焊接时产生应力。
d) 测试焊工或焊接操作员利用相关方法，材料和程序生产出合格焊接物的能力。
4. Question
Identify on a sketch the leg length, throat, root, toe and face of a fillet weld.
在草图上辨别焊角长度，焊喉，焊根，焊趾和角焊面
Answer
See attachment
看附件
5. Question
What types of defects would you expect with MIG/Co2 (short circuit/dip transfer) welding?
MIG/Co2（短路/ dip transfer）焊接时可预测什么类型的缺陷？
Answer
Lack of sidewall fusion.

Lack of inter-run fusion.
(Mainly lack of fusion defects).
边墙未熔合
inter-run 未熔合（主要是未熔合缺陷）
6. Question
If a Welder qualifies in a performance test on pipe in a) the 6G position, and b) the 2G and 5G positions, for
which position is he qualified to weld plate of a similar material?
如果一个焊接工称职做管子性能试验 a) 6G 位置，b)2G 和 5G 位置，对于相似材料的焊接板的什么位置他还
能适应
Answer
a) All 全部
b) All 全部
7. Question
What is residual stress and why is it caused?
什么是残余应力，它是怎么产生的？
Page 50 of 59
Answer
Locked in localized tensile and compressive stresses adjacent to the weld caused by shrinkage of the weld
metal and the restraint applied to this by the parent metal.
由于母材对焊接金属收缩和抑制力施加导致的临近焊接处禁闭的局部张力和压力
8. Question
If a welder fails to qualify on his first attempt at a test, describe the procedure for an immediate retest, per
AWS.D.1.1?
如果焊接工在初次测试尝试中失败，描述紧接着的重新测试程序，按照 AWS.D.1.1
Answer
An immediate retest consists of two welds of each type failed, both specimens must meet all the
requirements specified for such welds.
紧接着的重新测试包含两个焊接，两个试样必须满足这类焊接规定的所有要求
9. Question
An ideal Paint Inspection shall include:
一个理想的喷漆检验应包含：
Answer
All of the above.
以上所有的
10. Question
What would you expect the root face and rootgap to be in the fit up for single vee joint butt with an included
angle of 60 grad. Plate thickness is ¾ inch?
你期待底部表面和底部间隙是什么
Answer
Root gap 3/32 (2.4 mm)
Root face 1/8 (3.2 mm)
焊根间隙 3/32 (2.4 mm)
钝边 1/8 (3.2 mm)
Structural Welding Questionnaire

Attachment to Weld and NDT Symbols Question 1
问题 1 选项
Answer Sheet for Fillet Weld Question 4

问题 4 选项
Page 51 of 59
Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: VARIOUS COMMODITIES 1
综合
1.Question
What the purpose of a penetrameter or IQI ?
透度计或IQI的目的是什么？
Answer
Penetrameter indicates radiographic sensitivity and quality of techniques.
透度计指示射线照相灵敏度和工艺质量
2. Question
What is meant by the term sensitivity with regard to radiography ?
灵敏度在射线照相中的意思是什么？
Answer
Sensitivity is the ability of a radiographic technique to reveal defects of a specific size.
灵敏度是显示特定大小缺陷的射线工艺能力
3.Question
What is meant by the term Film Density ?
胶片密度的含义是什么？
Answer
Film Density is the film darkening, which can be measured with densitometer.
胶片密度是胶片暗色化，可以用显像密度计测量
4. Question
What is a film defect?
什么是胶片缺陷？
Answer
Film defects may be a marks on the films caused by handling and/or processing.
胶片缺陷可能是在处理时导致的胶片上的印记
5. Question
If you were inspecting an item using the prod method and located a weak crack pattern, where would you place the
prods to obtain a stronger location ?
如果你使用探测方法检验一个物体且确定其微弱裂纹样品位置，你将把探头放到哪以获得更确切位置？
Answer
In order to obtain a best view I will relocate the prod at 900 to the crack pattern, re-inspecting the item.
为了能最好的观看，我将使锥和裂纹样品成 900 角，重新检验物体。
Page 52 of 59
6. Question
What typical defects would you expect while inspecting a casting ?
在检验铸件时你能预见会有哪些典型的缺陷？
Answer
Normally may be found sand traces, porosites, shrinkages and slag inclusions.
通常可能发现沙痕，气孔，收缩和夹渣。
7. Question
Describe the pulse echo technique
描述脉冲回波技术
Answer
Pulse echo technique is the mechanical vibration transmitted and detected into/from the test material by
means of probe. The pulsations are generated by crystal’s vibration which transforms electric energy in
mechanical energy. The pulsations propagate through the material and in case of discontinuities become an
echo. The echoes are reflected from both discontinuities and the back surface of the object and will appear
as deflection (vertical) on the oscilloscope. In order to improve the contact surface is needed gel or other
conductive material.
脉冲回波技术是机械振动通过探针传递和探测到试验材料。振动由晶体的振动产生，由点能转化为机械能。振
动穿透物质，当有不连续性时就会产生回音。这些回音通过不连续性和物体被表面反射，以偏差（垂直）的形
式体现在示波镜上。为了改善接触，表面需要凝胶体或其他传到物质。
8. Question
What factor determine the echo height of flaw in ultrasonic inspection ?
在超声检验中，什么因素决定缺陷的波高？
Answer
Height of flaw can be determined by size of flaw, position or orientation of the instrument, instrument
characteristics.
缺陷波高可由缺陷大小，位置或工具方位和特点决定。
9. Question
What are the limitations of magnetic particle insp. (MT) and liquid penetrant insp. (LP) ?
磁粉检验和液体穿透检验的局限是什么？
Answer
MP can be used only on Ferro-materials for surface & sub-surface detection of discontinuities.
LP can be used to detect defects open to the surface.
磁粉检验只能用于铁磁材料表面或次表面不连续性的检验
液体穿透检验敞露在表面的缺陷的检验
10. Question
What surface preparations is required on a material before MP or LP
在做磁粉检验和液体穿透检验前表面应做什么准备？
Answer
Before test the material shall be clean and dry, removing oil or grease traces. All the weld spattern or other
materials which may interfere with the defect detection shall be removed.
在做实验前材料应干净，干燥，去油脂痕迹。所有焊接滴落或其他干扰缺陷探测的物质都应去除。
11. Question
What information’s are contained in a Welding Book Specification (WPS) ?
焊接标准包含哪些内容？
Answer
In the WPS are contained: process type, welding technique, groove design & position, material type &
thickness, interpass temperature, pre-heat & post-weld requirements, filler metal, shielding gas or flux type,
electrical characteristics.
Page 53 of 59
焊接标准包含：加工类型，焊接工艺，凹槽设计和位置，材料类型和厚度，退火温度，预热和焊接后要求，
金属填充物，保护气体或熔化类型，电子特征。
12. Question
What is the Welding Procedure Qualification Record (WPQR) ?
焊接工艺资格记录是什么？
Answer
The WPQR is a book containing: the information of WPS plus the test results necessary for WPS
qualification and the variable of specific process.
焊接工艺资格记录是一本书，包含：焊接标准信息和焊接标准需要的试验记录，以及规定程序的变量。
13. Question
Why is post weld heat treatment (PWHT) required for some type weldments ?
有些焊接类型为什么要求后焊接热处理？
Answer
PWHT is required for relieve stresses and/or lower hardness’s.
需要后焊接热处理减少应力和/或降低硬度
14. Question
What is the purpose of a nitrogen gas test (NGT) on a wellhead assembly ?
井口装配氮气试验的目的是什么？
Answer
NGT is required to check there are no leakages.
氮气试验检验有无泄漏。
15. Question
At what pressure is carried out the NGT ?
氮气试验在多大压力下进行
Answer
NGT shall be carried out at working pressure.
氮气试验在工作压力下进行。
16. Question
It is permissible for Vendor to lubricate valve seats prior to testing ?
买方允许在实验前润滑阀座吗？
Answer
Yes, it is permissible but only to prevent galling.
是的，允许但要防止粘扣。
17. Question
What visual & dimensional (V&D) inspection would you carry out on a smls BW elbows ?
你将在无缝 BW elbows 采用什么样的外观/尺寸检验
Answer
V & D to be done on BW elbows: visual of int/ext surface, overall dimensions & thickness inside/outside
diameter check, bevels check, radius, identification/marking check, painting check (if applicable).
BW elbows 采用外观/尺寸检验：内外表面外观检验，内外径全尺寸/壁厚检验，倒角检验，半径，打印标记检
验，喷漆检验（如果适用）
18. Question
What is the purpose of spot/back facing on flange bolt holes ?
在法兰凸缘螺栓孔上钻定心孔的目的是什么？
Answer
The purpose is to ensure a proper seat for washers and nuts.
目的是确保垫圈和螺母安放良好。
Page 54 of 59
19. Question
What should be checked during dimensional inspection of RF WN flange ?
在对 RF WN 法兰的尺寸检验中需要检验哪些项？
Answer
During dimensional inspection of WN flanges should be checked: wall thickness, bore. flange height, ext/int.
diameter, RF surface & height, number & diameter of bolt holes, bolt circle diameter.
壁厚，镗孔，法兰高度，外/内径，射频表面&高度，螺栓孔数量&直径，螺栓圆周直径。
20. Question
What pressure test are required on gate valves ?
闸阀需要哪些压力试验？
Answer
On gate valves are required the following tests: Hydrostatic shell, seats & backseats test, low pressure air
test, functional test.
闸阀需要以下试验：壳体水压试验，密封/上密封试验，低压空气试验，功能试验。
21. Question
What pressure test are required on check valves ?
止回阀需要哪些压力试验？
Answer
On check valves are required the following tests: Hydro. shell & seat test, low press. air test.
止回阀需要以下试验：壳体水压试验&密封试验,低压空气试验。
22. Question
What pressure test are required on ball valves ?
球阀需要哪些压力试验？
Answer
On ball valves are required the following tests: Hydro. shell test and seats test, low press. air test, functional
test.
球阀需要以下试验：壳体水压试验，密封试验，低压空气试验，功能试验
23. Question
Is it permissible to supply gate valves with slots rather than holes in the packing gland ?
Answer
No it is not permissible.
不允许
24. Question
What position is the gate to be in during the hydro. shell test ?
在壳体水压试验时，闸门处于什么位置？
Answer
The gate shall be in partially closed position.
闸门在部分关闭位置
25. Question
Which position shall have a valve during backseat test ?
在上密封试验时，哪个位置有阀门？
Answer
Valve shall be fully open as per API 598 and open/close as per API 600.
按照 API 598, 阀门应全部打开，按照 API 600，阀门应打开/关闭
26. Question
Which test fluid are allowed for hydrostatic test ?
Page 55 of 59
水压试验允许使用哪种试验流体？
Answer
Fluids allowed: all non corrosive liquids with viscosity not higher than water, water, air, inert gases and
verosine.
所有粘性不高于水的非腐蚀性液体，水，空气，惰性气体和煤油(kerosene)。
27. Question
Can you use a pressure gauge of 100 bar when the pressure test is of 100 bar ?
当作 100 大气压的压力试验时，你能使用 100 大气压的压力计吗？
Answer
No, the pressure to be measure shall be included in a range of 25 to 75% of the full scale of the pressure
gauge.
不行，待测压力应在全刻度压力表的 25 到 75%范围内
28. Question
At what depth does an imperfection/defect become rejectable in a butt weld fitting?
在对焊配件中，多深的缺欠/缺陷可以拒收？
Answer
Normally a BW fitting become rejectable when the defect is in excess of 12,25% of nominal wall thickness or
when it encroaches the minimum wall thickness.
29. Question
Which method can be used for detection of non-metallic inclusions on open surface ?
哪种方法能够探测敞开表面的非金属夹渣？
Answer
Can be used both magnetic particle or dye penetrant examination.
可以使用磁粉检验或染色渗透检验。
30. Question
Are gas pockets or slag inclusions imperfections allowed in the weld seams ?
气泡和夹渣等缺欠可以在焊缝里存在吗？
Answer
Yes, as per API acceptance criteria.
是的，按照 API 接受标准。
31. Question
List almost three workmanship defects typical of API 5 L.
列举 API 5 L 里至少 3 种工艺缺陷
Answer
Cracks, leaks, height of well bead, dents.
裂纹，泄漏，井头高度，凹坑。
32. Question
List an example of pipeline marking.
列举一例管线标识
Answer
Manufacturer logo, size, API 5 L specif., steel grade, heat number, weight and heat treat.
工厂标志，规格，API 5L, 钢级，炉号，重量和热处理。
33. Question
What a mechanical test certificate shall show as minimum ?
机械性能试验证书上至少应显示什么？
Page 56 of 59
Answer
A mechanical test certificate shall show as minimum Purchase Order/Client references, material grade, size,
sample description, required results and obtained results.
至少应显示订单/客户参考号，物质钢级，规格，样品描述，必须的结果和得到的结果
34. Question
Which is the maximum hardness allowed by NACE for carbon steel ?
NACE 规定碳钢允许的最大硬度是多少？
Answer
Max hardness allowed for carbon steel is 22 HRC
22 洛氏硬度。
35. Question
Which is the maximum hardness allowed by NACE for austenitic steel ?
NACE 规定奥氏体钢允许的最大硬度是多少？
Answer
Max hardness allowed for austenitic steel is 32 HRC
32 洛氏硬度
36. Question
What is the difference between imperfection and defect ?
缺欠和缺陷的区别是什么？
Answer
Imperfection is a minor irregularity/discontinuity of the product or material which can be acceptable;
defect is an imperfection with sufficient magnitude to be rejected.
缺欠是产品或原料上可接受的微小的不规则/不连续性。
37. Question
Define almost three types of manufacturer process for pipes, as per API 5 L.
按照 API 5 L，定义管子 3 类制造程序。
Answer
Seamless pipes (SMLS), electric resistance welded pipes (EW) and longitudinal seam submerged arc
welded pipes (SAW)
无缝管，电阻焊管和纵向焊缝埋弧焊管
38. Question
Which orientation shall have the tensile test of SMLS pipes as per API 5 L ?
按照 API 5 L，无缝管应执行哪个方向的拉伸试验？
Answer
API 5L requires for SMLS : longitudinal test for pipes up to 168.3 (6 5/8”) and transferal for pipes over 219.1
(8 5/8”).
API 5L 对无缝管的要求：对于 168.3 (6 5/8”)及以下的管子采用纵向试验，对于 219.1 (8 5/8”)以上的管子采用
横向试验
39. Question
Which orientation shall have the tensile test of longit. welded pipes (SAW) as per API 5 L ?
按照 API 5 L，纵向焊缝埋弧焊管应执行哪个方向的拉伸试验？
Answer
API 5L requires for SAW : longitudinal test on base material (at 90 ° from weld seam) for pipes up to 168.3
(6 5/8”) and one transferal test on weld seam plus one on base material (at 180 ° from weld seam) for pipes
over 219.1 (8 5/8”).
API 5L 对纵向焊缝埋弧焊管的要求：对于 168.3 (6 5/8”)及以下的管子在其母材（从焊缝开始 90 °）采用纵向
试验，对于 219.1 (8 5/8”)以上的管子在焊缝处以及母材（从焊缝开始 180 °）采用横向试验。
Page 57 of 59
40. Question
Which NDE you would require for SAW pipes ?
埋弧焊管需要什么类型的无损检验？
Answer
For each SAW pipe: X-Ray on both ends for 8” and full length ultrasonic test (UT) of weld.
对于每根埋弧焊管：在两管端 8”内 x 射线检验，对焊缝执行全长超声检验。
41. Question
Which NDE you would require for EW pipes ?
电焊管需要什么类型的无损检验？
Answer
For each EW pipe: full length UT or electromagnetic inspection (EMI).
对于每根电焊管：全长超声或电磁检验。
42. Question
Which orientation shall have the tensile test of spiral welded pipes as per API 5 L ?
按照 API 5 L，螺旋焊管应执行哪个方向的拉伸试验？
Answer
API 5L requires for spiral welded : for pipes up to 168.3 (6 5/8”) one longitudinal test on base material at ¼
of the distance between weld pass;
for pipes over 219.1 (8 5/8”) one transferal test on weld seam plus one on base material at ½ of the distance
between weld pass.
API 5L 对螺旋焊管的要求：对于 168.3 (6 5/8”)及以下的管子在其母材焊层 ¼ 之间采用纵向试验，对于 219.1
(8 5/8”)以上的管子在焊缝处及其母材焊层 ¼ 之间采用横向试验。
43. Question
In case of defective tensile test what disposition you should give ?
对于有缺陷的拉伸试验你将怎么处理？
Answer
Shall be re-tested two additional pipes of the same lot and in case of defective test the pipes not in
compliance to API 5 L will be rejected.
取相同批的两根管子重新试验，如果试验仍不符合 API 5 L 要求则拒收
44. Question
List three type of welding process.
列出三种焊接方法.
Answer
Submerged arc weld (SAW), gas metal arc weld (GMAW) and gas tungsten arc weld (GTAW)
埋弧焊(SAW)、气体金属电弧焊(GMAW)、气体钨电弧焊(GTAW)
45. Question
Which values express a charpy V test or throghness test ?
冲击试验和韧性试验的单位值表示是什么？
Answer
Values expressed are JOULE.
单位值表示是焦耳。
46. Question
What is the “MIL” ?
“MIL”是什么？
Answer
MIL is the 1000 part of inch.
MIL 是指千分之一英寸
Page 58 of 59
47. Question
According to API 5 L list three type of steel grade.
依据 API 5L，列出三种钢级。
Answer
Steel grade: X42, X52, X60.
钢级：X42, X52, X60.
48. Question
How many PSI are required for X60 grade material?
X60 钢级的材料要求的 PSI 为多少？
Answer
X60 requires60.000PSI (X52 : 52.000PSI etc.)
X60 钢级的材料要求的 PSI 为 60.000（X52 : 52.000PSI ，等等。）
49. Question
How the pipe surface must appear after sandblasting?
在喷砂之后管子表面必须是什么样子？
Answer
Surface must in accordance to the required SA level, dry and free from dusty or oil traces.
管子表面必须符合 SA 水平要求，且干燥、没有灰尘或者油迹。
50. Question
Which control you have to perform in order to check a good coating adhesion?
为了检查一个良好涂层附着，你必须控制执行那些项目？
Answer
I have to check anchor pattern, rugosity and/or sample.
我需要检验底材表面粗糙类型、皱曲和/或者样品。
Page 59 of 59

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Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: MECHANICAL GENERAL 1

To find the smallest defect.

2. What is meant by the term sensitivity with regard to radiography?

The ability of a radiographic technique to reveal defects of a specific size.

4. What information is contained in a Welding Procedure Specification?

Essential and non-essential variables.

Relieve stresses, adjust hardness

6. What is the basic difference between a DIN and an ASME penetrameter?

DIN penetrameter has a wire type penetrameter, 7 wires

8. What precaution must be taken with low hydrogen welding electrodes?

9. What information normally appears on radiography?

90-110 amps/inch for <19mm

Quartz, Barium Titanate, Lithium Sulphate and Ceramics.

Artefact, water mark, finger print, any bad operation.

Relocate prods 90 degrees to the crack pattern and re-inspect.

15. Describe the pulse echo technique.

17. What is a “Procedure Qualification Record?

18. What is meant by the term “Film Density”?

Measurement of film blackening.测量或胶片的发黑度。

Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: MECHANICAL GENERAL 2

2. Difference between stress relieving and normalising.

D.W.T.T., CHARPY impact test.

4. What is max. hardness valve as per NACE MR 0175?

Low carbon steel 235 Hv max. (21 HRC max) 钢 最大：235 Hv

6. Name 3 types of flanges face.

Plain face, Raised Face, RTJ.

7. What precautions must be taken when welding cladded pipe?

8. What info is required on a standard mill cert?

9. Why is radiography preferred over other N.D.T. methods?

Questionnaire and Answer Sheet (MAGNETICAL PARTICLE TESTING)

5. Surface defects are more clearly defined by A.C. or D.C. current.

Clean, test, report.

Questionnaire and Answer Sheet RT (RADIOGRAPHY TESTING)

To indicate the quality of radiological images.

9. What does ASME V say about quality of radiographic film?

Questionnaire and Answer Sheet UT (ULTRASONIC TESTING)

2. Why is surface condition critical?

Shear wave (angle beam testing) technique

9. List at least three types of defects can be detected by ultrasonic testing?

2. What is dwell time?

5. Can Liquid penetrant inspection be used on hot assemblies?

6. Can color contrast penetrant testing be performed in broad daylight?

7. What type of defects can liquid penetrant testing detect?

Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: ELECTRICAL 1

Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: INSTRUMENTATION 1 设备 1

Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: ROTATING EQUIPMENT 1

Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: ROTATING EQUIPMENT 2

Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: LINE PIPE & OCTG 1

Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: LINE PIPE & OCTG 2

Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: LINE PIPE & OCTG 3

Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: LINE PIPE & OCTG 4

Questionnaire Sheet: Line Pipe & OCTG 5

A: To prevent matl. from oxidation during welding

A: Surface defects internally/externally , dents , staightness ,bevel , wth , OD , ID , out of

A : refer to LP & OCTG 2 Question 12.

A: 5LX is an obsolete Standard ! 5L is correct !

A: As above – Standard obsolete ! 5L is correct !

A : US , EMI (for ERW/HF) , US , RT , EMI (for SAW)

A : test pipe (same dimension/grade) with artificial defects

Low carbon steel 235 Hv max. (21 HRC max) 钢最大：235 Hv