ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF (G+3) COMMERCIAL

BUILDING USING ETABS

A Major Project Report Submitted in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
By
K.CHARITHA (20095A0114)
M.MUHAMMAD SAMEER (20095A0146)
M.JAYAVARDHAN REDDY (20095A0128)
V.JAGAN MOULISWAR REDDY (20095A0145)
K.SUDHARSHAN (19091A0150)
Under the Esteemed Guidance of
T.RAGHAVENDRA (Ph.D)
Assistant Professor of Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

R.G.M College of Engineering and Technology
(Autonomous),
Nandyal 518 501, A. P., INDIA
(Affiliated to J.N.T.U.Anantapur, A. P., INDIA)
(Approved by AICTE, Accredited by N.B.A, NewDelhi, NAAC-A+ Grade)

2019 - 2023
 R. G. M College of Engineering and Technology
(Autonomous),
Nandyal 518 501, A. P., INDIA
(Affiliated to J.N.T.U.Anantapur, A. P., INDIA)
(Approved by AICTE, Accredited by N.B.A, NewDelhi, NAAC-A+ Grade)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Major Project Report entitled ”ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
OF (G+3) COMMERCIAL BUILDING USING ETABS” that is being submitted by

K.CHARITHA (20095A0114)
M.MUHAMMAD SAMEER (20095A0146)
M.JAYAVARDHAN REDDY (20095A0128)
V.JAGAN MOULISWAR REDDY (20095A0145)
K.SUDHARSHAN (19091A0150)

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of B.Tech in Civil Engineering to the
RAJEEV GANDHI MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECH-
NOLOGY(Autonomous), Nandyal (Affiliated to J.N.T.U.Anantapur) is a bonafide record of
confide work carried out by them under our guidance and supervision. The results embodied
in this Major Project report have not been submitted to any other university or institute for
the award of any Degree.

Signature of the Project Guide Signature of Head of the Department

T.RAGHAVENDRA (Ph.D) Dr. G. Sreenivasulu Ph.D (IISC),
Assistant professor Professor and HOD
Examiner:
Date:

i
Dedicated to my beloved parents, and teachers who have worked hard throughout my education.

ii
 Acknowledgements

We would like to express our sincere gratitude and indebtedness to the guide T.RAGHAVENDRA
Assistant Professor for giving valuable suggestions and moral support towards completion of project
work.

We express our deep gratitude to Dr. G. SREENIVASULU, Professor and HOD, Department
of Civil Engineering, RGMCET for his continuous help and support towards the project.

We will highly grateful to Dr. T. JAYACHANDRAPRASAD, Principal, R.G.M. College of

Engineering and Technology, for his encouragement and inspiration at various points of time for the
project.

We will remain grateful to Dr. M. SHANTHIRAMUDU, Chairman, and Sri M. SIVARAM,

M.D, R.G.M. College of Engineering and technology who have been a constant source of inspiration
throughout the project work and we also seek their blessings for a bright future.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr. C. RAJARAM, Project Coordinator of
R.G.M College of Engineering for providing an opportunity for doing this project work.

We extend our heartfelt thanks to all the Teaching and Non-Teaching staff members of R.G.M
College of Engineering for their valuable help for the project.

At the end, we proudly acknowledge our father and mother for their constant motivation which
have been valuable assets of our life.

Project Members
K.CHARITHA (20095A0114)
M.MUHAMMAD SAMEER (20095A0146)
M.JAYAVARDHAN REDDY (20095A0128)
V.JAGAN MOULISWAR REDDY (20095A0145)
K.SUDHARSHAN (19091A0150)

iii
 Abstract
Structural Analysis is a branch which involves in the determination of behavior of structures in or-
der to predict the responses of different structural components due to Effect of loads. Each and
every structure will be subjected to Either one or the groups of loads, the various kinds of loads
Normally considered are dead load, live load, earth quake load and wind load. ETABS (Extended
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building System) is a software which is incorporated with all the major
analysis engines that is static, dynamic, Linear and non-linear, etc. and especially this Software is
used to analyze and design the buildings. Our project “Analysis and Design of Commercial building
using ETABS software”. A Multi-storied building is considered for this study. Analysis is carried out
by static method and design is done as Per IS 456:2000 guidelines. Also, an attempt has been made
to Design the structural elements manually. Drawing are done using Auto CAD.3D Modelling is done
using Revit Architecture.

KEYWORDS : AutoCAD, ETABS, Revit,Bending moment, Shear force, IS codes.

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Contents

Abstract iv

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 INTRODUCTION TO COMMERCIAL BUILDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.1 TYPES OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 INTRODUCTION TO ETABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 ADVANTAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 Objectives of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3 METHODOLOGY 9
3.1 SOFTWARE USED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.1.1 AUTOCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1.2 ETABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1.3 REVIT ARCHITECTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4 PLAN OF THE BUILDING 12

5 3D MODEL IN REVIT 15

6 Load Calculations 17
6.1 Dead and Live Load Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.2 Wind Load Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.2.1 DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.2.2 Design wind speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.2.3 Seismic Calculation Design: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

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7 ANALYSIS,DESIGN & MODELLING USING ETABS-20 23
7.1 WORKING WITH ETABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7.1.1 Welcome Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7.1.2 DESIGN CODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
7.1.3 Steel Design Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7.1.4 Unit System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7.1.5 Grid Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7.1.6 Defining Material Property as per IS CODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
7.1.7 Define Frame Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
7.1.8 Load Cases and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7.2 Check model & Run Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

8 Procedure for Modelling in ETABS 32

9 RESULTS 34
9.1 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS: . . . . . . . . . . . 35

10 CONCLUSION 41

11 REFERENCES 42

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List of Figures

3.1 Methodology flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4.1 G+3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2 PLAN VIEW FOR GF 1st,2nd and 3rd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3 COLUMN MARKING (All Dimensions are in Meters) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.4 ELEVATION VIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

5.1 FRONT VIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

5.2 INSIDE VIEW-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.3 INSIDE VIEW-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

6.1 Basic wind speed at 10 m for height for some important cities/town . . . . . . . 18
6.2 As per Table-2 of IS 875 (part3): 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.3 Seismic Zones of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

7.1 welcome screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

7.2 concrete design code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
7.3 steel design code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7.4 Display units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7.5 Display units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7.6 Frame Property Shape Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.7 Supports (fixed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7.8 Seismic Load Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

9.1 Assigned Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

9.2 Assigning loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.3 Bending Moment Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.4 Bending moment diagram for column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
9.5 Bending moment diagram for Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

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9.6 Axial Force Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9.7 Shear Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9.8 Beam Result report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
9.9 Reinforcement Details for Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
9.10 Column Result report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
9.11 Reinforcement Details for Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

viii
List of Tables

6.1 SEISMIC ZONE FACTOR(Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 General
Now a days due to overpopulation and high cost of land, multi-storied building is more essential
for metropolitan city. Multi-storied commercial building is the perfect solution for living of high
populated area. A multi-storied building, which posses multiple floor above the ground level,
which aim to increase the floor area of building in shortest built up area. Structure analysis
is a subject which involves designing, planning to built up a perfect building. Basically each
project are different with their design criteria such as incoming load, soil properties, dynamic
load, built up area etc. Here we provided the details to complete a residential apartment theo-
retically. We firstly collected some required data to measure the soil specific such as moisture
content, bearing capacity of soil, types of soil etc. We provided the perfect parameter in beam,
slab column and footing with the consideration of incoming load to avoid shear and bending
collapse. In accordance with limit state method of collapse in IS456:2000 we built G+3 build-
ing which deal with strength and stability of structure under maximum design load flexure,
compression shear and torsion .

1
1.2 INTRODUCTION TO COMMERCIAL BUILDING
Commercial buildings are buildings where commercial activities take place. Commercial build-
ings include office buildings, retail space, warehouses and more. This differs somewhat from
commercial property, which also includes multi-family buildings like apartment buildings. The
reason for this is that commercial buildings are where commerce happens, while commercial
property earns money for its owners but doesn’t have to have commerce happening in it.
Multi-use buildings that have a mix of spaces, such as a retail area and apartments, can still
be considered commercial in certain circumstances.

1.2.1 TYPES OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING

Here are some of the types of commercial buildings:

Office buildings:
Office buildings are a common type of commercial building that can be found in cities and
even towns of any size, depending on the needs of the community. An office building might be
only one story or it might be a skyscraper, depending on where it’s located and how much the
developer wants to invest into it. The owner of an office building might have offices within it,
or they might rent out the entire building. In an office building, the tenants might be just one
company or they might be many companies even on the same floors.
Restaurants:
Restaurants are another common type of commercial building. For buildings that contain just
one restaurant and aren’t a multi-use property, the owner may be the owner of the restaurant
or they may lease the building to the restaurant owners. This is true whether the restaurant
is a franchise, a chain or an independent restaurant. A restaurant building might be custom
built for the tenant based on brand standards, or it might be built to work for any restaurant
tenant. Restaurant buildings often have advanced requirements compared to other commercial
businesses due to their kitchens.
Hotels:
Hotels are another type of commercial building, although it may seem that they qualify as a
residential building and thus not commercial. Because hotels are more of a commercial business
than just renting apartments, and the turnover is usually faster, they are generally considered
commercial. Some hotels are small, one story roadside motels, while others are skyscrapers
with other businesses inside them like restaurants and retail. The hotel owner might also own

2
the building, or they might lease it, depending on a variety of factors.
Warehouses:
Warehouses are a type of commercial building that is common in many places, from large cities
to rural areas. Warehouses are usually a storage hub for another type of business, such as a
logistics and shipping company using a warehouse to store their packages as they process and
transport them or a retail company keeping stock in a warehouse until it’s needed in a store.
Warehouses might be a brief stop for what they hold or they might be a long-term storage
facility. Some warehouses need careful climate controls because of the types of things stored
there.
Industrial:
Industrial buildings are actually a broad range of buildings including manufacturing facilities,
workshop facilities and even certain types of warehouses are considered industrial. An indus-
trial building might have hazardous chemicals in it, it might have heavy machinery or it might
serve customers as with an auto shop. Even though industrial buildings can contain such a
wide range of business types, many times they are all grouped together because of potential
noise or hazard issues. This keeps these types of buildings from being too close to residential
neighborhoods, although of course the distance can vary depending on the city or town.
Healthcare:
Healthcare may not seem like a commercial business, but many hospitals and clinics are com-
mercial enterprises aimed at earning money and serving customers, which in healthcare are
called patients. Because of this, healthcare facilities are considered a type of commercial build-
ing. This can range from large hospital campuses to small clinics. The larger hospital buildings
are usually owned by the hospital owners and custom-built for their needs, while small clinics
might be found in their own small building or a multi-use building that they lease a space in.
We choose Restaurant for analyse and design by using ETABS.

1.3 INTRODUCTION TO ETABS

ETABS is an analysis and Design Based software, very much useful for structural engineers. In
case of high-rise structures when it is designed in ETABS we get the most economical design.
It is the most popular structural engineer’s software product for model generation, analysis
and multi-material design. It has an intuitive user-friendly GUI, Visualization tools, powerful
analysis and design facilities and seam less integration to several other modelling and design

3
software products.
Ultimate Tool for Structural Engineers:
For static and dynamic analysis of bridges, RCC structures, embedded structures (culverts and
tunnels), high rise buildings etc. ETABS has been choice of design professionals around the
world for their specific analysis and needs.
This project involves in a multistoried building using a very popular and used software through-
out the world.
I have chosen ETABS because of its following advantages:
1.easy to user interface
2.confirmation with the Indian Standard Codes
3.versatile nature of solving any type of problem
4.accuracy of the solution
ETABS consists of the following:
Graphical User Interface: It is used to generate a model, which can then be analyzed using
ETABS engine after analysis and design is completed, the GUI can also be used to view the
results graphically.
To perform an accurate analysis a structural engineer must determine such information as
Structural loads, geometry, codes as per country, unit system, support conditions and mate-
rial properties. The results of such an analysis typically include support reactions, stresses,
displacements. This information is then compared to criteria that indicate the conditions of
failure.
Advanced structural analysis may examine dynamic response, stability, and nonlinear behav-
ior. The aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures being
designed well perform satisfactorily during the intended life with an appropriate degree of fac-
tor of safety they should sustain all loads and deformations of normal construction and use
adequate resistance to the effects of seismic and wind loads. The design of the building is
dependent on minimum requirements as prescribed in Indian Standard codes. The minimum
requirements pertaining to the structural safety of buildings covered by way of laying down
minimum design loads which have to be assumed for dead loads, live loads, superimposed dead
loads and other external loads that the structure would bear.

4
1.4 ADVANTAGES
1. ETABS allows user for Graphic input and modification for the sake of easy and quick model
creation for any type of structure.
2. Creation of 3D model with the utilization of plan views and elevations, 3D model of any
kind of complex structure can be created easily.
3. With the help of similar storey concept creation of 3D model is very easy and quicker. If
the storey’s are similar then the model generation time can be reduced multiple time through
similar storey concept.
4. Editing of model is very easy. Moving any object from one position to other, combining two
or more objects using merge command, making the similar object using Mirror command and
make copy of any object in the same level of different story level.
5. Drawing of object with most accuracy using snap command consisting of end, perpendicular
and middle or some other options. 6. Creation of object is very quick for any type of object
like beam, column, slab, wall etc. with one click of mouse.
7. Easy navigation through multiple viewing of windows. This feature allows you to create or
edit your model very easily with real time view.
8. Create your model and editing has been easy through 3D view with different type of zoom
option as well as panning command for moving the whole model easily without any rotation.
9. Different view option of the 3D model including plan view, any side elevation view, and also
customization view created by the modeller.

5
Chapter 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Chandrasekhar and Rajasekhar (2015):Analysed and designed the multi-storied build-

ing by using ETABS software. A G+5 storey building under the lateral loading effect of wind
and earthquake was considered for this study and analysis is done by using ETABS. They have
also considered the chances of occurrence of spread of fire and the importance of use of fire
proof material up to highest possible standards of performance as well as reliability. They sug-
gested that the wide chances of ETABS software which is very innovative and easier for high
rise buildings so that time incurred for designing is reduced.
2. Balaji and Salvarsan M.E (2016):worked on analysis and design of multi-storied build-
ing under static and dynamic loading conditions using ETABS. In this work a G+13 storey
residential building was studied for the earth quake loads using ETABS. They assumed that
material property to be linear, static and dynamic analyses were performed. The non-linear
analysis was carried out by considering severe seismic zones and the behaviour was assessed by
considering type II soil condition. Different results like displacements, base shear was plotted
and studied.
3. Geethu S , Deepthi M, Abdul Nasir N (2016):made a comparative study on analysis
and design of multi storied building by STAAD. Pro and ETABS software’s. They provided the
details of both residential and commercial building design. The planning was made in accor-
dance with the national building code and drafted using Auto CAD software. They concluded
that while comparing both software results, ETABS software shows higher values of bending
moment and axial force.

6
 4. Ragy Jose, Retsina Mathew, Sandra, Mohit Y S and Sankeerthana, Venu
(2017):“Analysis and Design of Commercial Building by ETABS”. Structural Analysis is a
branch which involves in the determination of behaviour of structures in order to predict the
responses of different structural components due to effect of loads. Each and every structure
will be subjected to either one or the groups of loads, the various kinds of loads normally
considered are dead load, live load, earth quake load and wind load. ETABS is a software
which is incorporated with all the major analysis engines that is static, dynamic, Linear and
non-linear, etc. and especially this Software is used to analyse and design the buildings. Our
project “Analysis and Design of Commercial building using ETABS software” is an attempt to
analyse and design a commercial building using ETABS A G+3 storey building is considered
for this study. Analysis is carried out by static method and design is done as per IS 456:2000.
They have concluded that, Analysis was done by using ETABS software and successfully veri-
fied as per IS 456:2000, Usages of ETABS software minimize the time required for analysis and
design and as the 4storey building has similar floors ETABS is the perfect software which can
be adopted for analysis and design.
5. Sayyed A. Ahad, Hashmi S Afzal, Pathan Tabrez, Shaikh Ammar, Shaikh
Vikhar, Shivaji Bidve (2017):This paper deals with the analysis and design of (G+10) res-
idential buildings. Analysis was done with the help ETABS software Version 15.2. It proved
to be good enough in the design for construction including the analysis of all the sections. All
the elements of structure like concrete wall, are provided. They provided isolated footing as
per soil investigation reports. The sectional and design analysis were done with the help of
STAAD-PRO and result was compared.
6. K. Naga Sai Gopal (2017):He took into thought of the designing of (G+5) residential
buildings using ETABS, his structure was based on theory of LIMIT STATE METHOD which
provide adequate strength, serviceability and durability besides economy. He took the neces-
sary steps in the modelling process after correctly defining material in ETABS. He prepared
the 3D model of the structure using Etabs software for detailed analysis and design.

7
2.1 Objectives of the study
1)Planning of G+3 Commercial building in Autocad (2020).
2)To perform analysis and design of the structure using ETABS Software.
3)To prepare the 3D model of the structure by using the Revit Software.
4) To understand the basic principles of structures According to Indian Standard Codes.
5) To understand the parameters like Bending moment, Shear Force, Axial Force for columns
and beams.

8
Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

Figure 3.1: Methodology flowchart

To proceed with any sort of works, various methods or steps are adopted from its initial
stage to final stage. Following are some of the methods been adopted during analysis and design
of multi-story commercial building.

9
 1 Literature Review:
Before the start of the project the various related literatures should be properly reviewed to
develop the concept about the project. It is very helpful for providing the correct path for the
smooth functioning of any project work.
2 Selection of building data and collection
After having proper concept about the project, the Structure was assumed then the data re-
quired for the analysis and design collected based upon the calculation results.
3 Preliminary design:
Estimation of various structural elements such as beams and slabs were designed and checks
were done with the help of deflection criteria and moment criteria. For the column, vertical
axis capacity was taken for the design and percentage of steel was checked.
4 Study of Architect Drawing:
Architectural drawings of the buildings were properly studied. Whatever the information is
required for performing calculations are properly checked and analyzed.
5 Load Calculation:
After the study of architectural drawing and preliminary design, load calculations were done
using the IS 875:975 as reference. The exact value of Unit weights of the materials from the
code was used in the calculation. The thickness of materials was taken as per design require-
ment.
6 Wind Loads:
The most common types of wind flow around Tall Buildings that need to be accounted for
during and after construction.
7.Earthquake Load:
Severity of ground shaking at a given location during an earthquake can be minor, moderate
and strong. Relatively speaking, minor shaking occurs frequently, moderate shaking occasion-
ally and strong shaking rarely.

3.1 SOFTWARE USED

The following softwares are used for the design of G+4 Residential building in this project.
1. AUTOCAD Software.
2. ETABS Software.
3. Revit Architecture.

10
3.1.1 AUTOCAD

AUTOCAD is a computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application. Developed

and marketed by AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a desktop app running on
microcomputers with internal graphics controllers. The main use of AUTOCAD software is
to draw or drafting the plan, elevation and sections of structures in 2D or 3D view. For the
present project AUTOCAD is used for representing the plan of considered Commercial Building.

3.1.2 ETABS

ETABS stands for Extended Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building System. ETABS is an

engineering software product that caters to multi-story building analysis and design. Modelling
tools and templates, code-based load prescriptions, analysis methods and solution techniques,
all coordinate with the grid-like geometry unique to this class of structure.

3.1.3 REVIT ARCHITECTURE

Autodesk Revit is a building information modelling software tool for architects, landscape ar-
chitects, structural engineers, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) engineers, designers
and contractors. The original software was developed by Charles River Software, founded in
1997, renamed Revit Technology Corporation in 2000, and acquired by Autodesk in 2002. The
software allows users to design a building and structure and its components in 3D, annotate the
model with 2D drafting elements, and access building information from the building model’s
database.
NOTE:This Revit Architecture is used for building Architectural and Aesthetic looks.That’s
why we use Revit for 3d modelling.

11
Chapter 4

PLAN OF THE BUILDING

The material is used for construction is reinforced concrete with M-30 grade concrete and Fe-
415 grade of steel.
Type of the project = Structural Analysis Design of Commercial Building.
Building Type = Commercial Building-Shopping Mall
Location = Hyderabad, Telangana.
Type of Slab = Two-way slab
Total Built-up Area = 1050 sq.-m. (assumed 42m x 25m)
Method of Analysis = Static Analysis (Linear)
Material Properties of the structure:
Beam Sizes = 300mm x 500mm
Column Size = 300mm x 500mm
Slab Thickness = 200 mm
Number of stories = G+3
Height = 15m
Live Load = 5 kN/m² and 1.5 kN/m² (as per IS 875 part II-2015)
Dead Load = Self -weight of members (as per IS 875 part I-2015)
Seismic Load = Calculated as per IS 1893(part I) - 2016
Grade of Concrete and Steel:
Used M30 and Fe-415 Steel.

12
 Figure 4.1: G+3

Figure 4.2: PLAN VIEW FOR GF 1st,2nd and 3rd

Figure 4.3: COLUMN MARKING (All Dimensions are in Meters)

13
Figure 4.4: ELEVATION VIEW

14
Chapter 5

3D MODEL IN REVIT

Figure 5.1: FRONT VIEW

Figure 5.2: INSIDE VIEW-1

15
Figure 5.3: INSIDE VIEW-2

16
Chapter 6

Load Calculations

6.1 Dead and Live Load Calculations

1.Dead load
External wall = 0.3x3x20 = 18kN/m
Internal wall = 0.15x3x20 = 9 kN/m
Load on slab = self weight of slab
= 0.2x25
= 5 kN/m2
2.LiveLoad = 1.5kN/m2
FloorFinish = 1kN/m2
UnitwtofRCC = 25kN/m3
Selfwtofslab = 25x0.2 = 5kN/m2

6.2 Wind Load Calculation

6.2.1 DESIGN

The study of wind analysis is also important because these forces are imposed directly on
diaphragms.IS: 875 (Part III) 2015 guides us to select the basic windspeed as 44 m/s from Fig
1 as our site region lies in Hyderabad.
From Annexure A, we can find basic wind speeds of all the regions.

17
 Figure 6.1: Basic wind speed at 10 m for height for some important cities/town

6.2.2 Design wind speed

Vz=Vb x K1 x K2 x K3 x K4
Design wind speed at height z m/s=Vz
Probability factor=K1 (Clause 6.3.1)
Terrain roughness factor and height factor=K2 (Clause 6.3.2)
Topography factor=K3 (Clause 6.3.3)
Importance factor=K4 (Clause 6.3.4)

18
Basic Wind Speed Vb=44m/s (APPENDEX-A Clause 5.2)
Probability Factor K1=1
Topography factor K3=1
Importance factor K4=1
The value of K2 must be found manually as height vary K2 varies:
The terrain category used in the design of structure may be vary depending upon the direction
of wind under consideration where sufficient metrological information available about the wind
direction. The orientation of any building or structure may be suitably planned.
Terrain Category=3
Assumed since, our structure falls under category-3 as terrain with closely spaced obstructions
having building/structures up to 10m in height.
Height of story-1 - h1=5m K2=0.91
Height of Story-2 - h1=10m K2=0.91
Height of Story-3 - h1=15m k3=0.97
Height of Story-4 - h1=20m K2=1.01
Calculation of Design Wind Speed of all Story’s:
Story-1,2, 3,and 4 Design wind Speed (Vz):
Vz=Vb x K1 x K2 x K3 x K4 m/s
Vb=44m/s

19
 Figure 6.2: As per Table-2 of IS 875 (part3): 2015

6.2.3 Seismic Calculation Design:

As per IS 1893: 2016 Fig-1 shows the seismic zones of India and therefore select the appropriate
data as per the code:
SEISMIC PARAMETERS:

SEISMIC ZONE FACTOR II III IV V

Z 0.10 0.16 0.24 0.36

Table 6.1: SEISMIC ZONE FACTOR(Z)

From IS 1893(PART-1): 2016

Zone factor (z) Seismic Zone-II Table-3 Clause 6.4.2 Z=0.10
Importance Factor(I) Table-8 Clause 7.2.3 I=1.0
Response Reduction Factor (R) Clause 6.4 R=5
Type of Soil (Fig.2 Type-III soft soil) TS=1
Damping Ratio Dmp=0.05m
Depth of foundation Dt=1.5m

20
 Figure 6.3: Seismic Zones of India

Calculation of Horizontal Seismic Coefficient:

For 4-story Building
Along X=direction
Base dimension along x – direction=42m
Height of Building H=16.5m
Translational time period Ta=0.075 X h0.75 (Clause7.6.2M RF building)
h = 16.5
T a = 0.075 × h0.75
T a = 0.775sec
F romf ig.2of Sa/gV aluef or0.77secis2.5
Horizontal Seismic Coefficient
Ah=[(2/3 x z/2) x (Sa/g)]/(R/I)

Z=0.10
R=5
I=1.0
Sa/g=2.5
Ah=0.025

21
Calculation of Horizontal Seismic Coefficient:
For 4-story Building:
Along y-direction
Base dimension along x – direction=25m
Height of Building H=16.5m
Translational time period Ta=0.075 X h0.75 (Clause7.6.2M RF building)
h = 16.5m
T a = 0.075 × h0.75
T a = 0.775sec
Sa/gV aluef or0.77secis2.5
HorizontalSeismicCoef f icient
Ah = [(2/3xz/2)x(Sa/g)]/(R/I)
Z = 0.10
R=5
I = 1.0
Sa/g = 2.5
Ah = 0.025

22
Chapter 7

ANALYSIS,DESIGN & MODELLING

USING ETABS-20

7.1 WORKING WITH ETABS

7.1.1 Welcome Screen

This is the welcome screen of Etabs on left we will find option to open a new model below that
option we can open existing model and also recent model which we worked earlier. On the right
we find RESOURCES, TECH TIPS, WATCH AND LEARN VIDEOS, MANUALS (Manuals
can be accessed by just left clicking on it), KNOWLEDGE BASE WEBSITE.

Figure 7.1: welcome screen

There is also another method in opening a new model. Under the file option we can open a
new model and also existing model. There is an import option in which all the various files like
Etabs.e2k Text file, Etabs eab file, Revit, structure, Stadd/strudl.std/.gte file.

23
7.1.2 DESIGN CODE

Concrete Design Code:

A large number of Indian Standard (IS) codes are available that are meant for virtually every
aspect of civil engineers in their educational or professional life. Civil engineers engaged in
construction activities of large projects usually have to refer to a good number of IS codes. In
CHAPTER-2 of this project I provided all the various Indian codes that are used and structures
are designed by the certified licensed engineers. Similarly, Etabs software also provided with
all such codes and gives the analysis results as per the Indian code. We get a list showing all
the Concrete Design Codes that are available in the Etabs programme on the left is the name
of Code that is available in Etabs programme and the Right is the name of the country which
that standard is used.

Figure 7.2: concrete design code

24
7.1.3 Steel Design Code

Steel Design Code option is used for steel frame design and when advanced guidelines are
available it can also be used for composite beam design and steel connection design following
is the list showing all the available steel design codes that are available in Etabs programme.

Figure 7.3: steel design code

7.1.4 Unit System

In model initialization window there are 3 options

ˆ Use Saved User Default Settings
ˆ Use Settings from a model file
ˆ Use Built-in Settings with.
Unit system is available in use built-in settings with option. Under Display Units we get 3
option-
ˆ US Customary
ˆ Metric SI
ˆ Metric MKS
If we hover on (i) option we come to know all the units that are to be used in etabs programme.

25
 Figure 7.4: Display units

7.1.5 Grid Spacing

After finalizing the options new model quick template will open. There are two types of grid
Dimensions (plan).
ˆ Uniform Grid Spacing
ˆ Custom Grid Spacing
Uniform Grid Spacing:
Uniform Grid Spacing indicates that grids Drawn in Etabs programme will have equal spacing
between all the grids this type of scenario will be although very uncommon in real building
modelling where distance between all grids are not usually same. If spacing between X-direction
Y-direction is same uniform grid spacing can be used. On the right simple story data used in
this case (story height of all grids is same).

Figure 7.5: Display units

26
Custom Grid Spacing:
Custom Grid Spacing means distance between two grids either same or different where story
height can be any number all the story heights can be same.
Click on edit grid data we get this following window Whenever entering data in grids “Click on
Display Grid Data as Spacing” after entering the data left click on Grid only option and click
on ok a new will open showing X Y axis’s plan view on left and 3-D view on right.

7.1.6 Defining Material Property as per IS CODE

All the materials can be defined in Etabs programme as per the code once the Dimensions of
the structural members are ready user can define accordingly different types of material such
RCC Material, Structural Steel Material, Rebar/Reinforcement Material.
EXAMPLE: Defining RCC Material;
Go to Define  Material Properties  Add New Material
A New will open in this window select region as India Material type, we get options to select
various options such as steel, concrete, aluminum, cold formed, Rebar, Tendon etc. Depending
upon the type of work select the required option Etabs will design accordingly also select stan-
dard as Indian and Grade depending upon designer what type of structure he is designing.
Reinforcing Section Properties:
Go to Define  Section Properties Reinforcing Bar Sizes. . .
These are the bars as per the Indian Standards left click on Ok and Save the options.

7.1.7 Define Frame Materials

Go to Define  Section Properties  Frame Sections

concrete frame property data window will open. In this there are some materials available by
default with properties that are always available in Etabs programme.
Once we click on Add new property following window opens:
The following types of cross sections for Concrete Members can be designed. For Beams Pris-
matic (Rectangular Square), T-Shape for Column Prismatic (Rectangular, Circular Square)
also I-Sections. Similarly, steel sections, Special sections, and Steel Composite Sections can be
designed by the designer.
Design Parameters:

27
 Figure 7.6: Frame Property Shape Type

The program Contains a number of parameters that are needed to perform design as per
IS:13920. It accepts all parameters that are needed to perform design as per IS:456-2000 over
and above it has some other parameters that are required only when design is performed as per
IS:13920. Default parameter values have been selected such that they are frequently used num-
bers for conventional design requirements. These values may be changed to suit the particular
design being performed by these manual calculations contains a complete list of the available
parameters and their default values.
Supports:
Supports are specified as PINNED, FIXED or FIXED with different releases (known as FIXED
BUT). A pinned support has restraints against all translational movement and none against
rotational movement. In other words, a pinned support will have reactions for all forces but will
resist no moments. A fixed support has restraints against all directions of movement. Transla-
tional and rotational springs can also be specified. The springs are represented in terms of their
spring constants. A translational spring constant is defined as the force to displace a support
joint one length unit in the specified global direction. Similarly, a rotational spring constant is
defined as the force to rotate the support joint one degree around the specified global direction.
To Assign Supports to the Foundation we first go to Foundation to the View Select all the
Joints.
Go to Assign  Joint  Restraint Fixed support. (right click on any joint to
verify joint constraints).

28
 Figure 7.7: Supports (fixed)

7.1.8 Load Cases and Definitions

Loads in a structure can be specified as joint load, member load, temperature load and fixed
end member load. ETABS can also generate the self-weight of the structure and use it as
uniformly distributed member loads in analysis. Any fraction of this self-weight can also be
applied in any desired direction.
In Etabs all the load considerations are first defined and then Assigned these loads are defined
by Using Static Load cases command in Define menu.
Go to Define  Load Pattern.
DEAD LOAD:

Figure 7.8: Seismic Load Pattern

After defining all the loads Dead loads are assumed for External walls, internal walls in stadd
but as in case of Etabs automatically these types of loadings are taken care by Software.

29
 LIVE LOAD:
Live loads are Assigned for Entire Structure including floor finish.
Wind Loads:
Wind Loads are assigned for entire as per IS: 875Part 3-1987. Since the building modelled
is G+3 Building having total height less than 12m no need to assign wind loads earthquake
loads.
Seismic Loads:
Seismic Loads are assigned as per the Indian Standard 1893-2016 by verifying all the necessary
factors regarding the site such as ZONE, SOILTYPE, AND RESPONSE REDUCTION factor
in X Y direction. since our structure is of 3 floors no need to assign seismic loads.
Refer IS CODE 1893-2016:
Types of soils = Table-1 Clause (6.3.6.2)
Zone Factor (z) = Table-3 Clause (6.4.2)
Importance Factor = Table-8 Clause (7.2.3)
I = 1.5 for critical lifeline of structure.
I = 1.2 for Business Continuity Structure.
I = 1.0 for rest of Building.
Response reduction Factor (R) = Sa/g (clause 6.4).
NOTE: - If the Structures are Designed for Greater Heights these Results are Mandatory to
follow
Load Combinations:
Load Combinations are defined as per IS: 875 (Part2) as per limit state Design of RCC Struc-
tures by Following load combinations had done based on the type of use of the structure.
The load assumed to be produced by the intended use of occupancy of structure Including
the weight of movable partitions, Distributed, Concentrated Loads, loads due to Impact and
vibration. The Principal Occupancy for which a Building or a part of Building i.e. used or
Intended to be used for the purpose of Classification of Building.
Refer IS: 875 (PART2)
CLAUSE =2.2.1 to 2.2.8.
Clause = 3.2.1
Table = 1
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL +LL +Eq x or W x)
1.2(DL +LL +Eq y or Wy)

30
0.9 DL+1.5Eqx
0.9 DL+1.5Eqy

7.2 Check model & Run Analysis

After Completing the Step of Assigning, Defining, member Property, Frame properties, Load
Definitions, Load Combinations etc. check the model for any Instability Errors. If there are
any Errors it is quite Tedious to remove errors. Once the structure is from errors RUN Analysis.

31
Chapter 8

Procedure for Modelling in ETABS

ˆ New model change units to KN-M - Number of stories — 4- number of bays in X direction
5- number of bays in Y direction =4- storey height 3m -Give each bay width in Xdirection -
bay width in Y direction - restraints -OK.

ˆ Define materials- add new materials-material type (concrete) material name (concrete)tick
the switch to advanced property display option- material property options displays material
name (concrete) -material type( concrete) -modify/show material properties material property
data-material property - ok.

ˆ Define-section properties-frame sections-add new properties-frame section - property type(

concrete)-select rectangular section Name(beam)-depth=0.5-
width=0.3-material(concrete)concrete reinforcement-select beam-ok. Add new property-frame
section -property type (concrete)select rectangular- section name (column)-material (square
column )300 x 500 concrete reinforcement -select column-ok-select rectangular-section name
(column)-material(rectangular column) 300 x500 concrete reinforcement-select column-ok.

ˆ Define-section properties-area sections-add new section-section name (slab) - material

name(concrete)-thickness-membrane— 0.2-0k.

ˆ Select all the support grid points-assign-joint-restraints-fixed-ok.

ˆ Select-select-select lines parallel to -coordinate axes or planes-Z-axis-ok-assign-frame -frame

sections-columns-ok.

ˆ Select-select-select lines parallel to-coordinates axes or planes - X-axis and Y-axis - ok -

assign frame - frame sections - beam-ok.

32
ˆ Select quick draw floor-properties of object - slab - select all elements and assign.

ˆ Set display options- tick extrude view-ok.

ˆ Define- load patterns-load pattern (dead)-name type (dead)-multiplier (l)-load patterns load
pattern (live)-name type (live)-add load pattern (wind load) -select-properties-frame
sections-select beams and columns-ok- assign-frame loads gravity-load pattern name
(dead)Global Z -1 -OK.

ˆ Select-select properties-area sections-slab-ok-assign-area loads -Self weight-load pattern

name (dead)-Global Z=l then ok.

ˆ Select-properties-frame sections-beam ok-assign-frame loads-distributed-load pattern name

live)-uniform load 2 then 0k.

ˆ Define-load combinations-add new combo-load combination (comb)-load case name (dead

and live)-load case type (linear static)-scale factor (1.5)- add- ok.

ˆ Analyze-set analysis options- ok- Analyze -run analysis -run now.

ˆ Go to design-concrete frame design-start design/check-view all members are passed.

33
Chapter 9

RESULTS

Figure 9.1: Assigned Properties

34
 Figure 9.2: Assigning loads

9.1 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIA-

GRAMS:

Figure 9.3: Bending Moment Results

35
Figure 9.4: Bending moment diagram for column

Figure 9.5: Bending moment diagram for Beam

36
 Figure 9.6: Axial Force Results

Figure 9.7: Shear Force

Due to huge output results, a sample of a beam report and a column report are shown
below: Beam Result report:
Column Result report:

37
Figure 9.8: Beam Result report

38
Figure 9.9: Reinforcement Details for Beam

39
Figure 9.10: Column Result report

40
Figure 9.11: Reinforcement Details for Column

41
Chapter 10

CONCLUSION

1. This project is mainly concentrated with the analysis and design of multi-storied com-
mercial building with all possible cases of the load combinations as per IS Code using
ETABS. meeting the design challenges are described in conceptual way.

2. The Bending moment , shear force and axial force of the building was studied in ETABS
Software.

3. From the Revit and ETABS software we have studied the 3D modelling and Design of
RCC Commercial building.

4. Further in case of rectification in ETABS it is simple to change the values at the place
where error occurred and the obtained results are generated in the output.

42
Chapter 11

REFERENCES

1. IS: 875 (Part 1) – 2015 for Dead Loads, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design
Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For Buildings and Structures, Bureau of Indian Stan-
dards, Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002.

2. IS: 875 (Part 2) – 2015 for Imposed Loads, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design
Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For Buildings and Structures, Bureau of Indian Stan-
dards, Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002.

3. IS: 875 (Part 3) – 2015 for Wind Loads, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design
Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For Buildings and Structures, Bureau of Indian Stan-
dards, Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002.

4. IS: 875 (Part 5) – 2015 for Special Loads and Combinations, Indian Standard Code of
Practice for Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For Buildings and Structures, Bu-
reau of Indian Standards, Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002.

5. IS 1893 (Part 1)-2016, Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Struc-
tures, (Part 1-General Provisions and Buildings), Bureau of Indian Standards, Manak
Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002.

43
 6. IS 456-2000, Indian standard code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete (fourth
revision), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, July 2000.

7. Varalakshmi V,G shivakumar and R S Sarma (2014) “Designed and d G+5 residential
building by ETABS”, International Conference on Advance in Engineering and Technol-
ogy.

8. Chandrashekarand and Rajashekar (2015), “Analysis and Design of Multi Storied Build-
ing by Using ETABS Software”, International journals of scientific and research vol.4:
issue.7: ISSN no. 2277-8179.

9. Balaji and Selvarasan (2016), “Design and Analysis of multi-storeyed building under
static and dynamic loading conditions using ETABS”, International Journal of Technical
Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163, www.ijtra.com Volume 4, Issue 4.

10. Geethu S N, Depthi M, Abdul Nasir N A and Izzudeen K M(2016) “Comparative study
on design and analysis of multi storied building by STAAD.Pro and ETABS softwares”.

44