Introduction (BASKETBALL)

Basketball was brought to the Philippines by the Young Men’s Christian Association
(YMCA)during the American colonial period, in the earlier half of the 20thcentury. The
Philippines was among the world’s first basketball-playing nations, therefore making the
Filipinos some of the world’s most avid followers of the sport.
From the 1910s to the early 1930s, the Philippines dominated the Far Eastern Games
basketball tournament winning 9 out of 10 championships, an outstanding 9 gold medals and
1 silver. Luis “Lou” Salvador scored 116 points, giving him the all-time record for the most
points scored in a single game. Jovito Gonzales, on the other hand, holds the all-time record
for the most appearances having played for six consecutive championships over the ten.
The next few years, the Philippines then competed in the Berlin Olympic Games
basketball tournament, where basketball made its first Olympic debut played as an official
sport. The Philippines was the first ever country to score at least 100 points in a single game
in the Olympic men’s basketball history.
After winning two consecutive basketball gold medals in the Asian Games in the years
1951 and1954, the Philippines was made one of the best basketball teams in the world.
Despite missing the first FIBA World Championships in Argentina, they later finished third
place in the Final Group and captured bronze medal in the 1954 FIBA World Championship
held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The third place finish was by far the best finish by an Asian country in the world
championships. 1
These are some trivia regarding Philippine basketball, to which the many Filipinos regard as
a sport of passion.

History, facilities and equipment, simple rules

in Basketball
History, facilities and equipment, simple rules in Basketball

 Basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, MassachusettsLinks to

an external site.by Canadian physical education instructor James NaismithLinks
to an external site. as a less injury-prone sport than football.
 It consisted of peach baskets and a soccer style ball. He published 13 rules for the
new game.
 The objective of the game was to throw the basketball into the fruit baskets nailed
to the lower railing of the gym balcony.
 Every time a point was scored, the game was halted so the janitor could bring out
a ladder and retrieve the ball. After a while, the bottoms of the fruit baskets were
removed.
 The first public basketball game was played in Springfield, Massachusetts, on
March 11, 1892.[1]Links to an external site.
  FIBA - the governing body of international competitions in basketball. Founded
in 1932 in Geneva, Switzerland.
 1936 - basketball was included in the Olympics in Berlin, Germany, as an official
sport.

Facilities and Equipment in Basketball

 Basketball court
-The court is a flat, hard surface free from obstructions, 28m long and 15m wide,
measured from the inner edge of the boundary line.
- The backcourt is the team’s own basket, inbounds part of the backboard and the part
of the playing court limited by their own endline, side lines and center line.
- The front court consists of the opponents’ basket, inbounds part of the backboard
and the part of the playing court limited by the endlines behind the opponents’ basket, side
lines and inner edge of the center line nearest to the opponents’ basket.
Baselines and sidelines - This refers to the boundary marks within the basketball court.
The baselines are located behind each basket, while the sidelines covers the entire court
length.
Centre line, center circle - the center line is marked parallel to the endlines from the
midpoint of the side lines. The center circle is marked in the center of the playing court.
Free throw lines - The free throw line is drawn parallel to each endline. Its furthest
edge is 5.8m from the inner edge of the endline.
3-Point field goal line - A semi-circle surrounding each team’s basket area. The team
will earn three points when one of its players shoots the ball behind the three-point line. If the
player shoots within the line, the team will only receive two points. The length of the 3-point
line is 6.75 m from the center of the basketball ring / hoop.

 Basketball Hoop and Goal

Each team has its designated basket where they shoot the ball and score points. It
has a ring with a net, as well as a backboard to hold it. It is 3.05 meters in height and has a
diameter of 45.72 cm.

 Basketballs
A basketball is a spherical ball with an inner inflatable rubber tube, which is
covered by leather, synthetic composite or rubber. The circumference of a basketball differs
from one league to the other: most balls in the NBA have a circumference of 29.5’’, whereas
NCAA balls have a maximum circumference of 30’.
  Back in the day, when the standard color was brown, many people complained
that they could not see the ball clearly. Players also had difficulties in seeing the
ball, resulting in a color-change. At the moment, most basketballs are orange in
color and have black partitions called ribs, which are just below the surface of
the ball.

Simple rules in playing Basketball

 Basketball is played by two teams who score points by throwing a ball into the
opposing team's basket. The team who scores the most points are the winners.
 Each team has a squad of 12 players to choose from. Five of those players are
allowed on the court at any one time, with unlimited substitutions.
 Players can move the ball around the court by passing, tapping, throwing, rolling
or dribbling.
 The game consists of four quarters of 10 minutes each, with a 15-minute break at
half-time.
 There are also two-minutes interval between the first and second periods, and
between the third and fourth periods.
 If the game is tied after the fourth period, it continues with an extra period of five
minutes, then as many five-minute periods as are necessary to break the tie.
 Points are scored for shooting the basketball through the hoop.
 Two points for a goal inside the three-point semi-circle, and three points for goals
scored from outside.
 Free throws, taken from the free-throw line and awarded after a foul, are worth
one point. 1

Basketball Officials
1. Officiating

 Meaning - act as an official in charge of something, as a sporting event.

 Importance - Officials undertake an important role in the staging of competitions.
They provide leadership and guidance to participants, ensuring that the
competition is conducted in a safe and fair manner. Qualities such as integrity,
honesty, trustworthiness and respect are integral to the role of the official.
Who are the officials in a Basketball game

 3 referees
 1 scorer
 1 timekeeper
 1 shot clock operator

Duties and Functions

Referee - A referee is the official in charge during and after the game. He is the official who
watches a game or match closely to ensure that the rules are adhered to and sometimes to
arbitrate on matters. He has the full responsibility to enforce the rules and maintain the order
of the game. The referee has the final say on disciplinary matters. He also controls the game
and takes up positions on opposite sides of the court.

The duties of the Referee include the following:

a. Inspects and approves all equipment, including court, baskets, ball, backboard
b. Inspects timer’s and scorer’s signals
c. Designates the official timepiece and its operator
d. Designates the official scorebook and the official scorer
e. Responsible for notifying each captain three minutes before each half is to begin
f. Decides whether or not a goal shall count if officials disagree
g. May forfeit the game when conditions warrant
h. Decides upon matter on which the timers and scorers disagree
i. Has the power to make decisions on any points specifically covered by the rules
j. Determines of ground rules are necessary.

Table Officials and their Duties and Responsibilities

Scorer - The scorer also called scorekeepers keeps a record of points scored, all fouls called
against each player, timeouts charged to each team, notes the starting line-ups, and keeps a
record of all substitutions.
Scorekeepers should also refrain from any other distracting activity, such as texting,
chatting, or talking during play. It is also advised that the responsibilities for bookkeeping
and timekeeping not be delegated to just somebody else for the protection and confidentiality
of the scores. Scoring for individual players is least important.

The Scorer duties include the following:

a. Obtains names and numbers of all players who may participate in the game at least ten (10)
minutes before the start of the game. At least three (3) minutes before scheduled starting
time, have each team designate its first five players. He also reports any failure to comply
referees.
b. Records field goals made, free throws made and missed, running summary of points
scored, personal and technical fouls on each player, team personal fouls per half and
timeouts.
Timekeeper - The timekeeper also called Timer is charged with certain duties, according
to the rules of basketball. The timekeeper should be familiar with all of the rules and
obligations in the game. Mastering these rules and regulations can help avoid confusion
during the game for both the officials and the timekeeper. He keeps a record of playing time
and stoppages in play, and times the time-outs, and indicates when each half or overtime
ends.
The Timekeeper also keeps and show the time of a basketball game to ensure that all
quarters are played evenly and to indicate the end of the game or quarter. If there is a timing
mistake in the game, the official timekeeper must also inform the official of any specific
knowledge relating to the mistake. The timekeeper has the responsibility of notifying the
officials that time has run out and helping them determine if a goal should count.

The Timekeeper duties include the following:

a. Consults officials as to signals used to indicate a time-out and resumption of time
b. Keeps eyes on the officials throughout the game
c. Checks on the duration of time-outs, substitution, etc.

When to start clock:

1. When ball is legally tapped on all jumps balls
2. When ball is touched in bounds, if resumption of play is by a throw-in after clock has been
stopped
3. When ball is legally touched after a missed free throw and ball is to remain alive.

When to stop clock:

1. When time expires at the end of the period

2. When an official signals a foul
3. When an official signals a jump ball
4. When a violation occurs
5. When an official orders a time-out 1

 Shot clock operator - shot clock operator informs referee when a player takes 24
or more seconds to shoot a ball (keeping the ball in possession for 24 seconds or
more ...
Basketball Terminologies
Terminologies used in Basketball

 Air Ball: The ball misses the hoop and backboard entirely.
 Assist: A pass that sets up a score.
 Backboard: The surface to which the basket is mounted.
 Back Court: Area of the court farthest from the offensive team's goal.
 Ball Fake: To fake a pass or shot.
 Bank Shot: The ball bounces off the backboard and into the basket.
 Baselines: Also known as "end lines", the boundary lines extending across both
ends of the court behind the baskets.
 Basket: The scoring goal attached to the backboard and is comprised of a metal
rim from which a corded net hangs.
 Behind-the-back Dribble: A dribble from one hand to the other behind the back.
 Behind-the-back Pass: A pass made behind the body.
 Between the Legs Dribble: A dribble between the legs from one hand to the
other.
 Blocked Shot: A shot deflected on its way to the basket.
 Blocking: Using the body to block an opponent.
 Bonus Free-throw: Also called "one-on-one"; a free-throw awarded a team
whose opponent exceeds the number of fouls allowed in a half.
 Bounce Pass: A pass is deflected off the floor before being received by a team
player.
 Box Out: In an attempt to block an opponent and set up rebound opportunities, a
defense player gets between a teammate and the basket.
 Carrying the Ball: Also called "palming"; an illegal dribbling of the ball with
both hands at the same time, turning the ball over in your hands, or placing the
hands underneath the ball as if holding or carrying it.
 Center: In position near the basket to capture rebounds and block shots.
 Change of Pace Dribble: Slowing down and speeding up dribble to get past an
opponent.
 Charging: An offensive player fouls by illegally contacting a stationary defense
player.
 Chest Pass: A chest-to-chest pass with both hands.
 Control Dribble: A closely guarded low dribble.
 Court: The floor upon which the game of basketball is played.
 Crossover Dribble: A front-of-the-body dribble from one hand to the other.
 Crossover Step: A jab step, then a step in the opposite direction.
 Cut: A quick advance by the offense toward a position to shoot or receive the
ball.
 Dead Ball: A ball that is not "alive" or in play.
 Defense: The team not in possession of the ball.
 Defense Rebound: Rebound by the defense player.
 Double Dribble: The illegal act of dribbling, stopping, then dribbling again.
 Double Team: Two teammates move in to guard one offensive player.
 Dribble: Bouncing the ball off the floor with one hand.
 Drive: A brisk advance toward the basket with the aim of shooting.
 Dunk: Slamming the ball into the basket.
 Elbow: Illegal contact with the elbow by an opponent.
 End Lines: Otherwise known as "baselines"; the lines that run the width of the
court behind the baskets.
 Fake: A deceptive move by the offense in order to offset the defense.
 Fast Break: A rush down court to beat the opponent to the basket.
 Field Goal: A basket made while the ball is in play.
 Five-second Violation: Taking longer than five seconds to pass the ball inbounds
to a teammate.
 Forwards: Players positioned along the free-throw lane and who are generally
closer to the basket than the guards.
 Flagrant Foul: Excessive or aggressive contact with an opponent.
 Floor: The court area bordered by end-lines and sidelines.
 Foul: An illegal play other than a floor violation.
 Foul Line: The line 15 feet in front of the backboard paralleling the end-line from
which free-throws are shot.
 Free-throw: A free shot taken from the foul line awarded a player whose
opponent committed a foul.
 Free-throw Lane: Also called "the key", the area designated for free-throws 12
feet wide and running from the baseline to the free-throw line.
 Free-throw Line: The foul line.
 Foul Trouble: A player runs up too many fouls in one game.
 Full-court Press: Opponents are guarded over the full range of the court.
 Goal-tending: Intercepting a shot that is either in the basket, or directly above it.
 Guard: To closely watch an opponent with intent to keep the player from gaining
possession of the ball, or from making a pass or shot.
 Half Court Press: Defense pressure placed on the opponent in the front court
area.
 Hand Check: A defender fouls by touching the opposing ball handler with one or
both hands too many times.
 Held Ball: Two opposing players attempt but fail to possess the ball.
 Holding: Use of the hands to hinder an opponent's freedom of movement.
 Hook Shot: While standing sideways in front of the basket, the hand farthest
from the net tosses the ball above the head and toward the basket.
 Hoop: Another word for basket.
 Inbounds Pass: A toss of the ball inbounds from out-of-bounds.
 Inside Shot: A shot from beside or in front of the basket.
 Intentional Foul: A defense player fouls in order to stop the clock.
 In the Paint: Refers to the area within the free-throw lane that is painted a
different color than the rest of the court.
 Jump Ball: The ball tossed into the air by the referee between two opposing
players in order to start the game.
 Jump Shot: A shot in which an offensive player's feet leave the floor.
 Lane: Also called the "paint"; area extending from the end line to the free-throw
line and 12 feet across.
 Lane Violation: Moving into the lane in an attempt to intercept a possible
rebound on a foul shot before the ball actually hits the rim.
 Lay-up: Advancing close to the basket in an effort to bank a shot off the
backboard.
 Live Ball: A ball in play.
 Low Post: The area close to the basket.
 Man-to-man Defense: One-on-one guarding of opponents.
 Mid-court Line: The center line dividing the front from the back courts.
 Net: The corded mesh that hangs 15-18 inches from the basket's rim.
 Offense: The team in possession of the ball.
 Offensive Rebound: A rebound taken by an offensive player.
 Open: When a defender is unguarded he is said to be "open".
 Out-of-Bounds: Outside the end lines and sidelines.
 Over-and-back Violation: An offensive teammate returns a ball from the front
court to the back court.
 Overhead Pass: A two-handed overhead shot.
 Overtime: Extra time given a tied regulation game.
 Paint: The free-throw lane area.
 Palming: Another word for "carrying the ball".
 Pass: A play from one teammate to another.
 Period: A segment of game time; either quarter, half, or overtime.
 Perimeter: The part of the court that extends beyond the foul circle.
 Personal Foul: Contacting a player in a way that may injure him.
 Pivot: The center position; also the foot that remains stationary until a dribbler
passes the ball.
 Point Guard: A strategy in which a guard advances the ball up court to begin an
offensive play.
 Possession: To have the ball.
 Power Forward: A strong player positioned close to the basket.
 Press: Defense strategy with intent to force opponents into erring by guarding
them too closely.
 Rebound: Gaining possession of the ball after it bounces off the backboard or rim
on a missed shot.
 Screen: A offense player is positioned between a teammate and the opponent to
clear the way for the teammate's shot at the basket.
 Shot: To throw the ball toward the basket.
 Shot Clock: A device that keeps track of the limited time the team in possession
of the ball has to take a shot at the basket.
 Shooter: The ball handler who takes aim at the basket.
 Sidelines: The boundary lines that run the length of the court on either side.
 Starting Lineup: The five players that begin the game.
 Substitute: A player comes in to replace a teammate on the court.
 Team Fouls: The number of fouls that a team has against it before going over the
limit and its opponent is awarded a free-throw.
 Technical Foul: A foul called as a result of misconduct in which the opponent is
awarded a free-throw.
 Eight-second Lane: The offensive team has 10 seconds to advance the ball from
the back court area over the mid-court line, or "ten-second lane".
 Three-point Field Goal: A basket shot from a distance of more than 19'/9"
during a high school or college game.
 Three-point Play: Two points on a field goal immediately followed by a free-
throw point.
 Three-point Shot: From outside the three-point line, an attempt at earning a field
goal is made.
 Three-second Lane: Otherwise known as the "key", the area running from the
baseline underneath the basket to the free-throw lane.
 Three-second Violation: An offensive player is in the free-throw lane for longer
than three seconds.
 Timeout: An official temporarily suspends the game due to injury, or to allow the
team to discuss strategy.
 Tip Off: The jump that starts the game.
 Transition: A team switches from offense to defense, and visa versa.
 Trap: Two defense players team up on the ball handler.
 Traveling: Also known as "walking"; a violation in which the ball handler takes
fewer than two steps without dribbling, or holds the ball while changing or
moving the pivot foot.
 Turnover: The offensive team gives the ball up to defense.
 Violation: Breaking of a rule not resulting in a free-throw, but rather a throw-in.
 Walking: See Traveling.