Ago Medical Educational Center

Radiographic Positioning 1 Ms. Josephine Marie Escaño

Worksheet #

BODY PART: PHALANGES

PROJECTION METHOD POSITION CENTRAL RAY STRUCTURE ILLUSTRATION

SHOWN
Place palm down Perpendicular to This view should
thumb abducted. the image receptor demonstrate the
Slightly ulnar and directed to the bones and soft tissue
First digit (Thumb) deviate hand. PIP joint of the of the 1st digit
PA oblique projection digit being (thumb).
examined.

Palm down. Slightly Perpendicular to This view should

separate the digits. the image receptor demonstrate the
Center digit to be and directed to the bones and soft tissue
examined on the PIP joint of the of the finger.
Finger PA image receptor. digit being
examined.
 Ago Medical Educational Center

Radiographic Positioning 1 Ms. Josephine Marie Escaño

Worksheet #

BODY PART: PHALANGES

PROJECTION METHOD POSITION CENTRAL RAY STRUCTURE ILLUSTRATION

SHOWN
Twist wrist to position Perpendicular to This view should
finger so that its side is the image receptor demonstrate the
touching or as close as
possible to the image and directed to the bones and soft tissue
Finger Lateral receptor (IR). More PIP joint of the of the finger.
projection importantly that it is digit being
sideways relative to the examined.
IR and so that it is
isolated from the other
digits. Center digit to be
examined on the image
receptor.
Place forearm on the Perpendicular to This view should
table with pronated the image receptor demonstrate
hand placed over the and directed to the the bones and soft
image receptor. PIP joint of the tissue of the finger.
Externally rotate
Finger PA oblique digit being
hand 45 degrees and
separate digits.
examined.
Support hand using
45 degree foam
wedge if appropriate.
 Ago Medical Educational Center

Radiographic Positioning 1 Ms. Josephine Marie Escaño

Worksheet #

BODY PART: PHALANGES

PROJECTION METHOD POSITION CENTRAL RAY STRUCTURE ILLUSTRATION

SHOWN
Hand rotated Perpendicular to This view should
internally on the the image receptor demonstrate the
table. Thumb and directed to the bones and soft tissue
First digit (Thumb) extended PIP joint of the of the 1st digit
AP projection thumbnail down on digit being (thumb).
the table. Other examined.
digits back out of
exposure. Avoid
superimposition of
other digits.
Position hand Perpendicular to This view should
lateral side down. the image receptor demonstrate the
For true PA, thumb and directed to the bones and soft tissue
First digit (Thumb) is elevated. Place PIP joint of the of the 1st digit
PA projection thumb over digit being (thumb).
support if needed. examined.
Dorsal surface of
the thumb should
be parallel to the
image receptor.
 Ago Medical Educational Center

Radiographic Positioning 1 Ms. Josephine Marie Escaño

Worksheet #

BODY PART: Sub talar joint

PROJECTION METHOD POSITION CENTRAL RAY STRUCTURE ILLUSTRATION

SHOWN
Ankle joint held in Angled cephalad at To demonstrate
right-angle 40, 30, 20, and 10 posterior articular
flexion. Rotate leg degrees. Four facet of calcaneus
AP Axial Oblique Broden’s Method and foot 45 separate images and determine
Projection degrees laterally. are obtained. presence of joint
involvement in cases
of comminuted
fracture.

Ankle joint held in Directed to point 2 Clear demonstration

right-angle cm distal and 2 cm of subtalar
flexion. Rotate leg anterior to medial joint, Posterior facet
Heel Lateral Rotation Broden’s Method and foot 45 malleolus, at of
degrees cephalic angle of calcaneus, Articulatio
laterally. Foot may 15 degrees for first n between talus and
rest against 45 exposure. Two or sustentaculum tali.
degrees foam three images made
wedge. with a 3 or 4
degrees difference
in CR angulation.
 Ago Medical Educational Center

Radiographic Positioning 1 Ms. Josephine Marie Escaño

Worksheet #

BODY PART: Knee

PROJECTION METHOD POSITION CENTRAL RAY STRUCTURE ILLUSTRATION

SHOWN
KNEE AP AXIAL BECLERE METHOD Flex the affected knee Perpendicular to Intercondylar fossa,
by 40 to 50 degrees, the long axis of the posteroinferior
enough to place the
long axis of the femur
tibia, entering the surface of the
at an angle of 60 knee joint 1/2 inch femoral condyles,
degrees to the long axis (1.3 cm) below the intercondylar
of the tibia. Support the patellar apex. eminence, and knee
knee on sandbags.
joint space.
Place the IR under the
knee, centered to the
mid-knee joint area.

KNEE PA WEIGHT
BEARING STANDING
ROSENBERG The knees are in The CR may be angled Femorotibial joint
METHOD contact with the perpendicular through spaces and
the knee joints. In the
vertical grid device. Rosenberg method, a
demonstrate
The IR is centered 10-degree caudal angle narrowing and/or
at a level 1 inch is used with the CR articular cartilage
(1.3 cm) below the centered between the degeneration.
knee joints at a point
apices of the
1/2 inch (1.3 cm) below
patellae. the patellar apices.
 Ago Medical Educational Center

Radiographic Positioning 1 Ms. Josephine Marie Escaño

Worksheet #

BODY PART: Patella

PROJECTION METHOD POSITION CENTRAL RAY STRUCTURE ILLUSTRATION

SHOWN
PATELLA PA AXIAL OBLIQUE Center the IR to the Directed to the joint Majority of the
KUCHENDORF patella. Laterally space between the patella is seen free of
METHOD rotate the knee patella and femoral superimposition by
about 35-40 condyles at an angle the femur.
of 25-30 degrees
degrees from the
caudad, entering the
prone position. posterior surface of
the patella.

PATELLA TANGENTIAL HUGHSTON Place the IR under the Angled 45 degrees Femoral condyles.
PROJECTION METHOD patient’s knee. Slowly cephalad and
flex the affected knee
so that the tibia and inferior and
fibula form a 50 to 60 directed through
degrees angle from the the patellofemoral
table. Rest the foot joint.
against the collimator
or support it in position.
 Ago Medical Educational Center

Radiographic Positioning 1 Ms. Josephine Marie Escaño

Worksheet #

BODY PART: Knee

PROJECTION METHOD POSITION CENTRAL RAY STRUCTURE ILLUSTRATION

SHOWN
KNEE PA AXIAL HOLMBLAD The IR is centered Perpendicular to Intercondylar fossa
METHOD to the apex of the the lower leg, of the femur, femoral
patella. The knee is entering at the condyles, tibial
flexed 70 degrees midpoint of the IR plateaus, and
from full extension for both positions. intercondylar
(20 degrees eminence.
difference from the
CR).

KNEE PA AXIAL CAMP-COVENTRY Flex the patient’s Perpendicular to the intercondylar fossa,
METHOD knee to either a 40- long axis of the leg posteroinferior
or 50-degree angle. and centered to the surface of femoral
Rest the foot and knee joint. Angled 40 condyles, medial and
degrees when the
ankle on a suitable lateral intercondylar
knee is flexed 40
support. Center the tubercles of
degrees and 50
upper half of IR to degrees when the intercondylar
the knee joint. knee is flexed 50 eminence, and knee
degrees. joint space.
 Ago Medical Educational Center

Radiographic Positioning 1 Ms. Josephine Marie Escaño

Worksheet #

BODY PART: Sub talar joint

PROJECTION METHOD POSITION CENTRAL RAY STRUCTURE ILLUSTRATION

SHOWN
Medial border of foot Perpendicular to IR Clear demonstration
resting on IR. Place a at a point 1 inch of talar articular
45 degrees foam (2.5 cm) distal and surface of calcaneus.
HEEL LATEROMEDIAL Isherwood Method wedge under 1 inch (2.5 cm) Anterior subtalar
elevated leg. Adjust
OBLIQUE PROJECTION anterior to lateral articular surface.
leg so that its long
axis is in same plane
malleolus. Oblique projection of
as CR. Adjust foot at tarsals.
right angle. Place
support under knee.

ANKLE LATERAL Foot in the lateral Perpendicular to IR To get clear lateral

LATEROMEDIAL position. If and through the image of ankle joint,
necessary, place a ankle joint, tibiotalar joint, fibula
support under the entering 1/2 inch over posterior half of
patient’s knee. (1 .3 cm) superior tibia.
to the lateral
malleolus.
 Ago Medical Educational Center

Radiographic Positioning 1 Ms. Josephine Marie Escaño

Worksheet #

BODY PART: Sub talar joint

PROJECTION METHOD POSITION CENTRAL RAY STRUCTURE ILLUSTRATION

SHOWN
ANKLE AP OBLIQUE Rotate leg and foot 10 degrees Ankle middle
MEDIAL ROTATION medially 30 cephalad 1 inch articulation and open
degrees, use a (2.5 cm) distal and sinus tarsi Subtalar
foam wedge and 1 inch (2.5 cm) joint.
support under knee anterior to lateral
if needed. have malleolus.
patient maintain
position by pulling
on strip of bandage
looped around ball
of foot.
ANKLE AP OBLIQUE Place plantar Perpendicular to IR Fractures and
LATERAL ROTATION surface of patient’s entering ankle demonstrating
foot in vertical joint midway superior aspect of
position, and rotate between malleoli. calcaneus. Subtalar
the leg and foot 45 joint. Calcaneal
degrees laterally. sulcus.
Rest foot against a
foam wedge for
support, and center
ankle joint to IR.