Lower Respirato ry Tract Infection

Pneumonia

Inflammation of lungs
•

in which the alveoli and

bronchioles become
filled
with
fluid .

Infection of Pulmonary parenchyma .

• Can be classified as :

cis
Community acquired
cii , Hospital acquired .

Causative
Agents :
E-
 • Comorbidities of community -

acquired Pneumonia :

Pathogenesis :
( CAP
=
)

Microbial to
pathogens gain
access
lungs
•
.

Inlays :( is
Aspiration from oropharynx
cii , Inhalation
of
droplets
Ciii , Hematogenous spread
in Extension from infected
pleura or mediastinal
space
.

I
Host immune
response
•
.

which
I Release
of a cascade
of cytokines ,

act as
inflammatory mediators
causing
host

tissue damage ( cytokine storm )

 ( HAP
=
)

Attributed Ventilators
by of
•

presence
.

Normal
Respiratory Flora of hospitalised patient gets
•

quickly replaced by multidrug resistant Gram -

ve

organisms present in the hospital environment ,

such as Pseudomonas ,
Acinetobacter etc .

•
Endotracheal intubation
damages the respiratory
and thus helps
epithelium ,
oropharyngeal bacteria
to
gain access
directly into lower resp tract .
.

Clinical Manifestations :

ci, Fever with chills &

/ or sweats .

iii ,
Tachycardia
&
ciii ,
Tachyapnea Dyspnea
Pleuritic
( in chest
pain ( if pleura involved )

in Gastrointestinal symptoms ( seen in 20% cases )

I. Nausea .
vomiting ,
diarrhea

Fatigue headache
evi , , ,
myalgia ,
arthralgia
Lviii In severe cases :
septic shock & Multi
organ failure .
Treatment :

C
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