COMPUTER AIDED BUILDING PLANNING AND DRAWING (BCV305)

1.INTRODUCTION
Construction drawings are sometimes referred to as working drawings. These drawings are used
by all involved in construction of an actual building of design.
These drawings provide all the information, both graphic and written about the project. It is
specific information. For example, the paint colour to be applied to the walls will be listed by
manufacturers name, phone number, the paint color number and name, and type of finish (latex,
enamel) to be used.
Detailed information is given about everything in the project. Walls, doors, furniture, equipment,
lighting, outlets, demolition and so on, are all specified. Graphic symbols are used to represent
walls, doors, furniture, etc.
Dimensions are used to define the location of these components. Text is used to further describe
them or to point specific elements of the design. Legends are used to describe doors, finishes,
lighting, etc. Standard drawing symbols are used to cross reference information. This information
is explained through demolition plans, floor plans, interior or exterior elevations, reflected
ceiling plans and detail drawings. Together they are produced on drawing sheets. The sheets are
A4 size or A3 size or A1 size or A0 size. The size is based on the type of project and the amount
of information required to explain it.

1.1 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Requirement for residential accommodation are different for different classes of people &
depends on the income &status of the individual a highly rich family with require a luxurious
building, while a poor man we satisfied with a single room house for even poor class family.
A standard residential building of bungalow type with has drawing room, dining room office
room, guest room, kitchen room, store, pantry, dressing room, bath room, front verandas, stair
etc., for other house the number of rooms may be reduced according to the requirements of many
available.

1.2 LIMITATION OF BUILT UP AREA

The built up area is the constructed area of the building which include wall thickness. Therefore,
built up area is the area remaining after deducting open space area from the plot area i.e. the total
area purchased for the proposed building plan. Carpet area is the built up area less the area

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 COMPUTER AIDED BUILDING PLANNING AND DRAWING (BCV305)

occupied by the walls. When open space area is restricted then the built up area of any building is
automatically restricted. According to the use there are restriction on built up areas as given
below: -
1. In a bazar market area, the built up area shall not exceed 75% of the site area,
provided sample space for parking is available on the same site.
2. In an industrial area, the built up area shall not exceed 60% of the site area.
3. In case of residential building, the built up area are stated below

2. BUILDING BYE LAWS & REGULATIONS

A bye laws is the local laws framed by a competent authority. Every locality has its own
peculiarities with respect to the climate conditions, geological conditions, i.e. availability of
material for construction, labours, etc. if the building is built up in a definite planned way, the
construction become economically sound and safe. As there such must be a laws or regulations
on the part of the owners while building his own house. If not, the house owner under his
ownership right will construct the house, which may affect the interests of others in respect of
health and convenience. The landlord will take only profit into account and spread minimum
amount to get the maximum benefit. The builder takes everything for granted and hopes to get
away with everything. Hence, there must be restriction to limit the power of the builder or owner
to deal with the property. This is done under building regulations which are a compressive code
of building bye-laws.

Line of building frontage and minimum plot sizes:

 Open spaces around residential building.
 Minimum standard dimensions of building elements.
 Provisions for lighting and ventilation.
 Provisions for safety from explosion.
 Provisions for means of access.
 Provisions for drainage and sanitation.
 Provisions for safety of works against hazards.
 Requirements for off-street parking spaces.
 Requirements for landscaping.
 Special requirements for low income housing.
 Size of structural elements.

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 COMPUTER AIDED BUILDING PLANNING AND DRAWING (BCV305)

3. ARRANGEMENT OF ROOMS
1. LIVING ROOM
2. KITCHEN
3. BED ROOMS
4. BATH & WC
5. DINING ROOM
6. STAIRCASE

LIVING ROOMS:
This is the area is for general use. Hence the living & drawing room should be planned
near the entrance south east aspects. During colder day the sun is towards the south &
will receive sunshine which is a welcoming feature. During summer sunshine it the
northern side & entry of sunrays from southern or south-east aspects do not arise. The
nominal size of the drawing room may be 4m x 5m. The size should better be determined
by the kind of furniture needed. The size and shape of the furniture further depends upon
the living standard of the family and the purpose it is going to be served. The doors
should have a minimum width of 900 mm so that the piece of heavy furniture could be
easily moved and out. Position of doors in the living room is important.

KITCHEN:
Kitchen is a very important room in a house. Health, comfort and happiness of the family
directly depends upon the kitchen. The minimum area for kitchen is 5.5 m². For kitchen
having separate store 4.5 m² may be the minimum area. Eastern aspects to admit morning
sun to refresh & purity the air.

BED ROOM:

They are the most important room in a house as one spend more than one-third of his life
at rest, in sleep here. Two person are commonly supposed to occupy one room. While
designing bedrooms a minimum of 10 m² of space for an adult and about 6 m3 of space
for every child under ten should be made available. Bed may also be provided with
attached toilets, there size depends upon the number of beds, they should be located so as
to give privacy & should accommodate beds, chair, cupboard, etc., and they should have
northwest or south-west aspect. From a practical point of view, 4m x 3m has been found
to be a good size for a bed room in a house for the middle class family.

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 COMPUTER AIDED BUILDING PLANNING AND DRAWING (BCV305)

BATH & W.C:

Bath and W.C. are usually combined in one room & attached to the bed room and should
be well finished. This should be filled with bath tub, shower, wash-hand basin, W.C.,
shelves, towels, racks brackets, etc., all of white glazed tiles. Floor should be mosaic or
white glazed files. Instead of providing all bed room with attached bath and W.C
separated baths & latrines may also be provided

VERANDAH:

There should verandah in the front as well as in the rear. The front verandah serves
setting placefor male members & waiting place for visitors. The back verandah serve a
ladies apartment fortheir sitting, working controlling, kitchen works etc., verandah
project the room against directsun, rain & weather effect. They used as sleeping place
during the summer and rainy season &are used to keep various things verandah also give
appearance to the building. The area of abuilding may vary from 10% to 20% of the
building. In order to secure comfort, verandah on thesouth and west are indispensable.
Providing verandah on the east and north is a luxury rather thannecessity. If the verandah
is used simply for the sake of a passage or corridor it need not be more than 1m to 20 m
wide. Any width more than this for this purpose is a waste. If, however, it is tobe used as
a sitting room or a waiting room its width should be 1.8 m as a minimum. A
verandahmore than 4 m wide is uneconomical.

STAIR CASE:

This should be located in an easily accessible to all members of the family, when this is
intended for visitors it should be in the front, may be on one side of verandah. It meant
for family use only, the staircase should be placed the rear. The stairs case should be well
ventilated & lighted the middle to make it easy & comfortable to climb. Rises & threads
should be uniform through to keep rhythm while climbing or descending. The minimum
clear head room in any stair case shall be 2.2 m. the same head room is to be maintained
in landing and passage as well. His minimum clear width of stair case in case of
residential buildings should not less than 1 m.

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 COMPUTER AIDED BUILDING PLANNING AND DRAWING (BCV305)

Some helpful points regarding the orientation of a building are as follows: -

 East and west because if the long walls are provided in east facing, the wall.
 Absorb more heat of sun which causes discomfort during night.
 A verandah or balcony can be provided to wards east & west to keep the rooms
cool.
 To prevent sun’s rays & rain from entering a room through external doors &
windows sunshades are required in all directions.

4. DELAILS OF BUILDING
Total plot area: 222.95sqm

Floor to floor height: 3m

DETAILS OF ROOMS
1. LIVING ROOM :4.29x3.59m
2. KITCHEN: 3.35x4.66m
3. BED ROOM 1: 4.4x4.05m
4. BED ROOM 2: 4.8x4.08m
5. DINING ROOM: 6.7x4.49m
6. BATH ROOM 1: 2.31x1.1m
7. BATHROOM 2: 2.6x1.7m
8. STAIRCASE: 2.8x3m
9. SIT OUT: 1.55x2.13
10. CAR PORCH: 7.04x4.75m

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CONCLUSION:
It can be concluded that construction drawing is the most effective way of commutating to design
Ideas from paper to reality. As we live in the rapid developing world, one can only say the future
of construction drawing looks bright as methods and the skills of drawing development. In the
end it all sums up to the time and precision of the drawings.