Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

11 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

Basic Calculus
Quarter 3 - Module 5:
Rules of Differentiation

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
 What I Need to Know
Beloved Learner,
Hello! I hope that you are okay. This module will guide you as you keep on asking
many things on how to determine the relationship between differentiability and continuity
of a function and apply the differentiation rules in computing the derivative of an algebraic,
exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.
Basically, the module has two lessons:

Lesson 1: Differentiability and Continuity

Lesson 2: The Differentiation Rules for Algebraic Functions

Hence, at the end of this module, you are expected to

1. Determine the relationship between differentiability and continuity of a function
(STEM_BC11D-lllf-1).
2. Apply the differentiation rules in computing the derivative of algebraic expression
(STEM_BC11D-lllf-3).

What I Know
Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Write the letter that corresponds the
best answer on the space provided for you.

______1. The operation of finding the derivative of a function is called?

A. Differentiability
B. Continuity
C. Differentiation
D. Differentiability and Continuity
______2. If a function f(x) is differentiable at x = a, then function f(x) is continuous at?
A. x = a
B. x = x
C. a = x
D. f(x)
______3. Which of the following statement/s is/ are true?
I. A function that is continuous at x=a is differentiable at x=a
II. A function that is differentiable at x=a is continuous at x=a
III. A function that is NOT continuous at x=a is NOT differentiable at x=a
IV. A function that is NOT differentiable at x=a is NOT continuous at x=a
A. I and III B. I and IV C. II and IV D. I, II, III, IV
______4. What is the derivative of a constant?
A. 0 B. 1 C. -1 D. x+y

1
______5. What is the derivative of 2x?
A. 1 B. 2 C. x D. 0
______6. Consider the function f(x)=|x-2| at x=2 is f(x)=|x-2| is continuous function?
A. Yes, f(x)=|x-2| is continuous at x=2
B. No, f(x)=|x-2| is not continuous at x=2
C. Yes, f(x)=|x-2| is differentiable at x=2
D. No, f(x)=|x-2| is not differentiable at x=2
______7. Find the derivative of 6𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 .
A. 2𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 3 + 10𝑥
B. 24𝑥 3 − 21𝑥 2 + 10𝑥
C. 26𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2
D. 6𝑥 4 − 27𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2
𝑑
______8. Find the derivative of (𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑥 2 ).
𝑑𝑥
1
A. 𝑥 𝑙𝑛 4
2
B. 𝑥 𝑙𝑛 2
2
C. 𝑥 𝑙𝑛 4
2
D. 2𝑥 𝑙𝑛 4
𝑑
______9. Find the derivative of = [4tan 𝑥 ].
𝑑𝑥
A. 4tan 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥) 𝑙𝑛4
B. 2tan 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥) 𝑙𝑛4
C. 4tan 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥) 𝑙𝑛
D. 2tan 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥) 𝑙𝑛
______10. Which among the statements is true?
A. The derivative of a constant is 1.
B. The derivative of a constant is -1.
C. The derivative of a constant is 0.
D. The derivative of a constant is x or y.

What’s In
Activity 1. Fix Me!
Directions: Arrange the scramble letters to form a correct word.
1. LOSPE ___________________
2. RITIAVVEED ___________________
3. ENTNGAT ___________________
4. TANTONCS ___________________
5. TILIM __________________

2
 What’s New
Activity 2. I Belong to You
Directions: Match column A with the correct answer on column B. Write the letter of the
correct answer before the number in Column A.

A. B.
𝑑𝑦 𝑥′
____1. (𝑥 𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 a. √1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
____2. [𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) b. cos x
𝑑𝑥
____3. 𝐷𝑥 = (sin 𝑥) c. Product Rule
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
____4. [𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥) d.Power Rule
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
____5. [𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥] e. Sum and Difference Rule
𝑑𝑥

What is it
Lesson 1.1 Differentiability and Continuity

The operation of finding the derivative of a function is called differentiation. If a

function has a derivative for a particular value of x, the function is said to be differentiable
at that value of x.

Example 1.1
Given f(x)=2x+1. Find out if f(x)=2x+1 is differentiable

Solution 1.1
The definition of derivative can also be used to find the derivative of a function. The
following are equivalent ways of writing the derivative of y=f(x).

f(x) = 2x+1

2(𝑥+∆𝑥)+1−(2𝑥+1) 2𝑥+2∆𝑥+1−2𝑥−1 2∆𝑥

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim = lim = lim = 𝑓 ′ (x)=2
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥
The function has a derivative and is therefore differentiable.
The graph f(x)=2x+1 is shown below.

X 0 2
f(x) 1 5

3
 The following were discussed in the preceding lesson.
𝑓(𝑥+∆𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑦 ∆𝑦 𝑓(𝑥+∆𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥)
Slope = = = lim = lim
∆𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥

The derivative is 2 and the slope of the line is 2.

There is no hole or break in the line.
Therefore, f(x)=2x+1 is continuous function. It is continuous for all values of x.
Example 1.2
Given f(x)=𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3. Find out if it is differentiable.
Solution 1.2
f(x)=𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3
[(𝑥 2 +∆𝑥)2 +𝑥+∆𝑥+3]−(𝑥 2 +𝑥+3) 𝑥 2 +2𝑥∆𝑥+(∆𝑥)2 +𝑥+∆𝑥+3−𝑥 2 −𝑥−3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim = lim
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥
2𝑥∆𝑥+(∆𝑥)2 +∆𝑥
= lim = lim 2𝑥 + ∆𝑥 + 1 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
= 2𝑥 + 1
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0
The graph of f(x)=𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3 is shown below

x -2 -2 0 1 2 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1
f(x) 5 3 3 5 9 a. at point (-2, 5)
slope = 2x+1
= 2(-2)+1
=3
b. at point (2, 9)
slope = 2x+1
= 2(2)+1
=5
The slope of the tangent line to the curve is 2x+1 at any point (x, y)
The function is differentiable. There is no break or hole in the graph. Therefore, the
function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3 is a continuous function. In the previous lesson it was discussed
that a polynomial function is continuous at every real number.
If a function f(x) is not differentiable at x=a, then it may or may not be continuous
at x=a.
Lesson 2.1 The Differentiation Rules for Algebraic Functions
In the previous lessons, the delta method and the definition of the derivative were
used in finding the derivatives of functions. Using these methods is very time-
consuming. The following rules for finding the derivatives of algebraic functions are
easier to use. However, these rules are derived by using the delta method and the
definition of derivatives.
In deriving the differentiation rules, the word proof is used instead of the word
derivation.
1. The Constant Rule
If c is any constant and y=f(x)=c for all x. The derivative of a constant is zero.
Example 2.1 Example 2.2
Find the derivative of f(x) = 10 Find the derivative of f(x)= −√3
Solution 2.1 Solution 2.2
′ (10)
𝑓 =0 𝑓 ′ (−√3) = 0

4
 2. The Power Rule
𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑛 is a power function for some positive integer n, then (𝑥 𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑑𝑥
Example 2.3
Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 5
Solution of 2.3
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 5
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 5−1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 4
Example 2.4
Find the derivative of 𝑦 = 𝑥12
Solution of 2.4
𝑑𝑦
= 12𝑥12−1
𝑑𝑥
= 12𝑥11
3. The Identity Function Rule
𝑑𝑦
If y=x, then =1
𝑑𝑥
4. The Constant Multiple Rule
𝑑 𝑑
If c is a constant and f(x) is a differentiable function, then 𝑐𝑓 = 𝑐 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
This means that the derivative of a constant multiplied by a function is equal to
the constant times the derivative of the original function.
Example 2.5 Example 2.6
Find the derivative of f(x) = 8𝑥 6
Find the derivative of y = 22𝑥 4
Solution 2.5 Solution 2.6
𝑑𝑦
f(x) = 8𝑥 6 = 22 ∙ 4𝑥 4−1
𝑑𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 8 ∙ 6𝑥 6−1 = 88𝑥 3
= 48𝑥 5
5. The Sum and Difference Rule
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable functions, then [𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
Example 2.7
Find 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 + 8
Solution 2.7
f(x) = 5𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 + 8
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (5𝑥 4 ) + (3𝑥 3 ) − (6𝑥) + (8)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 5(4𝑥 3 ) + 3(3𝑥 2 ) − 6(𝑥 0 ) + 0
= 20𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 − 6(1)
= 20𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 − 6

6. The Product Rule

If f(x) and g(x) are both differentiable functions then,

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
[𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
5
Example 2.8

Differentiate the function f(x) = (4x-3)(2x+5)

Solution 2.8

𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (4𝑥 − 3) (2𝑥 + 5) + (2𝑥 + 5) (4𝑥 − 3)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= (4𝑥 − 3)(2) + (2𝑥 + 5)(4)

= 8x – 6 +8x+20

= 16x +14

7. The Quotient Rule

If f(x) and g(x) are both differentiable functions at x with g(x) ≠ 0,

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)
then = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) [𝑔(𝑥)]2

Example 2.9
𝑥 2 +3
Find the derivative of 5𝑥+4

Solution 2.9

𝑑 2 𝑑
(5𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 + 3) − (𝑥 2 + 3) (5𝑥 + 4)
𝑓′ = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(5𝑥 + 4)2
(5𝑥+4)(2𝑥)−(𝑥 2 +3)(5)
= (5𝑥+4)2

(10𝑥 2 +8𝑥)−(5𝑥 2 +15)

= (5𝑥+4)2

10𝑥 2 +8𝑥−5𝑥 2 −15)

= (5𝑥+4)2

5𝑥 2 +8𝑥−15
= (5𝑥+4)2

8. Derivative of Trigonometric Function

This time we will look at the derivatives of the trigonometric functions:

sin x, cos x, tan x, sec x, csc x, cot x
(a) 𝐷𝑥 = (sin 𝑥) = cos 𝑥
(b) 𝐷𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
(c) 𝐷𝑥 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
(d) 𝐷𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥
(e) 𝐷𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
(f) 𝐷𝑥 (𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 cot 𝑥

6
Recall:
Trigonometric functions involving some identities, that is,
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 1 1
tan x= , cot x= , sec x= , tan x=
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
and some important limits such as,
sin 𝑡 cos 𝑡−1
lim =1 and lim =0
𝑡→0 𝑡 𝑡→0 𝑡

Example 2.10
Differentiate (a) 𝑓(𝑥) = sec 𝑥 + csc 𝑥

Solution 2.10
If 𝑓(𝑥) = sec 𝑥 + csc 𝑥, then
𝑓′(𝑥) = sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 + 3(− csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥) = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − 3 csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥

9. Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Function

𝑑 𝑥′ 𝑑 𝑥′
[𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥] = [𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥] =
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 |𝑥|√𝑥2 −1

𝑑 −𝑥 ′ 𝑑 −𝑥 ′
[𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥] = [𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥] =
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2

𝑑 𝑥′ 𝑑 −𝑥 ′
[𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √𝑥] = 1+𝑥 2 [𝑐𝑠𝑐 −1 𝑥] =
|𝑥|√𝑥 2 −1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Example 2.11
Find the derivative using inverse trigonometric function

[𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥 3 )] 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑥 = 𝑥 3 and 𝑥 ′ = 3𝑥 2

Solution 2.11
𝑑 𝑥′ 3𝑥 2
[𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥] = =
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − (𝑥 3 )2

10. Derivative of an Exponential Function

𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑒𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥 ln 𝑎
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑒 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 ln 𝑎 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Example 2.12
𝑑
Find = 𝑒 5𝑥+3
𝑑𝑥

Solution 2.12

= 𝑒 5𝑥+3 (5) = 5𝑒 5𝑥+3

7
 11. Derivatives of Logarithmic Functions
𝑑 1
• 𝑙𝑛(𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1
• ln[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1
• 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 ln 𝑎
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1
• 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥) ln 𝑎 𝑓′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

Example 2.13
𝑑
Find (𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

Solution 2.13
1
=𝑥 𝑙𝑛 3

What’s More
Activity 3. Solve Me!
Directions: Solve the following by getting their derivatives.
4𝑥 3 −2
1. f(x) = 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+1

7
2. (𝑙𝑛 √𝑥)

3. y = 4𝑥 −3

What I Have Learned

Activity 4. Fill Me Now
1. The derivative of the sum or difference of two differentiable functions is ______________
to the sum or difference of their derivatives.
2. The derivative of a ________________ is zero.
3. In the Power Rule, we subtract _______________ in the exponent.
4. If f(x) and g(x) are both differentiable functions at x with g(x) ≠ _____________.
5. The derivative of 9 is _______________.

What I Can Do
Activity 5. 1 Find Out!
Directions: Find out if the given equation is differentiable.
1. f(x) = 3x+1
8
Activity 5. 2 Find Out!
Directions: Find the derivatives of each of the following functions.
1. f(x) = 5x-9
2. f(x) = 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 −3
𝑑
3. = (𝑙𝑛 𝑥 3 )
𝑑𝑥

Assessment
Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Write the letter that corresponds the
best answer on the space provided for you.

______1. Which of the following statement/s is/ are true?

I. A function that is continuous at x=a is differentiable at x=a
II. A function that is differentiable at x=a is continuous at x=a
III. A function that is NOT continuous at x=a is NOT differentiable at x=a
IV. A function that is NOT differentiable at x=a is NOT continuous at x=a
A. I and III B. I and IV c. II and IV d. I, II, III, IV
______2. If a function f(x) is differentiable at x=a, then function f(x) is continuous at?
A. x=a
B. x=x
C. a=x
D. f(x)
______3. The operation of finding the derivative of a function is called?
A. Differentiability
B. Continuity
C. Differentiation
D. Differentiability and Continuity
______4. What is the derivative of a constant?
A. 0
B. 1
C. -1
D. x+y
______5. What is the derivative of 2𝑥 4 ?
A. 8𝑥 3
B. 2
C. x
D. 0
______6. Consider the function f(x)=|x-2| at x=2 is f(x)=|x-2| is continuous function?
A. Yes, f(x)=|x-2| is continuous at x=2
B. No, f(x)=|x-2| is not continuous at x=2
C. Yes, f(x)=|x-2| is differentiable at x=2
D. No, f(x)=|x-2| is not differentiable at x=2

9
______7. Find the derivative of 2𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 .
A. 2𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 3 + 10𝑥
B. 16𝑥 3 − 125𝑥 2 + 10𝑥
C. 26𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2
D. 8𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
𝑑
______8. Find the derivative of (𝑙𝑜𝑔5 𝑥 2 ).
𝑑𝑥
2
A. 𝑥 𝑙𝑛 5
1
B. 𝑥 𝑙𝑛 2
1
C. 𝑥 𝑙𝑛 5
2
D. 2𝑥 𝑙𝑛 5
𝑑
______9. Find the derivative of = [4tan 𝑥 ].
𝑑𝑥
A. 4tan 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥) 𝑙𝑛4
B. 2tan 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥) 𝑙𝑛4
C. 4tan 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥) 𝑙𝑛
D. 2tan 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥) 𝑙𝑛
______10. Which among the equations is true?
A. f(x)=1, then 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1
B. f(x)=1, then 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0
C. f(x)=1, then 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥
D. f(x)=1, then 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1 + 2𝑥

Additional Activities
6.1 Underlining!
Directions. Identify if it’s continuous and differentiable at a given x. Underline your
answer.

𝑥 + 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ −4
1. 𝑓(𝑥){ 𝑥1 = −4
−𝑥 − 6 𝑖𝑓 − 4 < 𝑥
Continuous: YES NO
Differentiable: YES NO
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = | 𝑥 − 3| 𝑥1 = 3
Continuous: YES NO
Differentiable: YES NO
−1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
3. 𝑓(𝑥){ 𝑥1 = 0
𝑥 − 1 𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑥
Continuous: YES NO
Differentiable: YES NO

Activity 6.2 Derivatives

Directions: Find the derivatives of each of the following.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (4𝑥 2 ) 2. ℎ′ (𝑥)𝑖𝑓 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 3𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

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References
Balmaceda, Jose Maria P., et al. 2016. Teaching Guide for Senior High School. Basic
Calculus. Printed in the Philippines by EC-TEC Commercial, No. 32 St. Louis
Compound 7, Baesa, Quezon City, ectec_com@yahoo.com

Canoy, Sergio R. et. al. 2006. Analytic Geometry and Calculus. Published by Mindanao
State University – Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City

Mercado, Jesus P. and Fernando B. Orines. 2016. Next Century Mathematics - Basic
Calculus. Published and distributed by Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. pp. 42 –
57. 927 Quezon Avenue., Quezon City

Pelias, John Gabriel P. 2016. Basic Calculus. Published by Rex Bookstore

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