Samantha Manawadu

CONSTRUCTION PLANNING &

CONTROLL
LECTURE - 02
WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

Construction Project is a series of actions undertaken

by construction companies / Persons and consultants,
which produces or alter buildings and infrastructure.
The goal of construction project is to build
something. What differentiate the
construction industry from other industries is
that its projects are
 Large
 built on-site
 generally unique

Time, money, labor, equipment, and,

materials are all examples of the kinds of
resources that are consumed by the project.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Construction Project Management is a
professional Service that applies effective
management techniques to the planning, design
and construction of a project from inception to
completion for the purpose of controlling time,
cost and quality.

CPM is aimed at meeting a client's requirement

in order to produce a functionally and
financially viable project.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT

• A construction project is a process of creating a

specific building / structure / infrastructure project or
a facility by carrying out a series of activities

• The project would generally have a specific objective

to be completed maintaining certain requirements
(standards / specifications ), so that the project meets
the demand with the desired standard and quality

• The Construction Projects require bewildering range

of specialization in knowledge and skills.
CONTD….

• The physical characteristics of construction projects are

depend on ;
• Many different technologies
• Local or global industries
• Construction companies
• Locally and internationally set up standard,
regulations and codes.
CONTD….
• Projects have their own goals and they can be measurable
Ex. 20 units apartment
150 MW Coal Power Plant

• Time Frame
• Project Implementation – 2 – 3 Years
• Project in operation - 20 -50 years

• Construction Projects Have

• Individual Locations ( No two sites are same)
• Complexity ( a system with many parts and use many
technologies, equipment's and machineries )
• Lot of Risks
Q.1 State that different type of construction
projects with Examples
1. Industry Divisions
1. Residential Construction
2. (Institutional & Commercial)
Building Construction
3. Heavy Construction
4. Industrial Construction
Residential
 Types
 Single family houses
 Multi family dwellings
 High-rise apartments &
condominiums
 30-35 % of the industry
 Low capital and technology
requirements
Residential (continued)
 Largely private
 Often speculative
 Developers = surrogate owners
 Designed by architects,
builders/developers
Building Construction
 Institutional and
Commercial Construction
 Schools and
universities

 Medical clinics and

hospitals

 Recreational facilities
and sports stadiums
Building Construction
 Retail stores and
shopping centers

 Warehouses and light

manufacturing

 Office buildings (single

story to sky scrappers)

 Hotels, convention
centers, and theaters
Building Construction
 Churches and
Synagogues

 Prisons

 Courthouses and other

government buildings
Building Construction

 35-40 % of construction market

 Larger and more complex than

residential

 Various owners (mostly private)

 Designed by architects and engineers

Heavy Construction
 Horizontal
Construction
 20-25% of the
construction
industry
 Mostly public
financing or large
consortium projects
Heavy Construction
 Highway & Bridges
 Railroads & Urban
Transit Systems
 Tunnels and Dams
 Airports
 Canals
 Port & harbor
structures
Heavy Construction
 Pipelines
 Sewer Systems
 Water treatment &
distribution systems
 Power &
communication
networks
 Landfills
Characteristics of Heavy
Construction
 Mass quantities of basic
materials: earth, rock,
steel, timber, and concrete
 Constructors need
knowledge of engineering
and geology
 Engineers and builders
are often specialized
Heavy Construction
 Greatest impact
on land and water
 High degree of
mechanization
 Contracts
awarded through
competitive
bidding
Industrial Construction
 Very large scale projects
 High degree of technological complexity
 Designed and built by the largest firms with
the highest level of technical sophistication
 Represent 5-10% of the market
Industrial Construction
 Petroleum refineries
 Steel
mills & aluminum
plants
 Chemical processing plants
Industrial Construction
 Fossil fuel & nuclear
power plants
 Other heavy
manufacturing facilities
Life Cycle of a Construction Project
1. Concept and Feasibility
2. Engineering and Design
3. Procurement
4. Construction
5. Startup and Implementation
6. Operation or Utilization
7. Demolition
 CONSTRUCTION PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
 Preconstruction phase
 Concept and Feasibility
 Engineering and Design

 Procurement phase (Bidding and award phase)

 Procurement

 Construction phase
 Construction

 Closeout phase
 Startup and Implementation
 Operation or Utilization
 Demolition
1.Preconstruction phase
1.1 Conceptual design: -
• Very important for the owner
• During this stage the owner hires key
consultants including the designer and
project manager, selects the project site, and
establish a conceptual estimate, schedule,
and program
• The owner must gather as much information
as possible about the project. The most
important decision is to proceed with the
project or not.
 1.2. Schematic design:

• During this phase, the project team investigates

alternate design solutions, materials and systems.
• Completion of this stage represents about 30% of the
design completion for the project.

1.3. Design development:

• Designing the main systems and components of the

project.
• Good communication between owner, designer, and
construction manager is critical during this stage
because selections during this design stage affect
project appearance, construction and cost.
• This stage takes the project from 30% design to 60%
design.
1.4. Contract documents:

• Final preparation of the documents necessary for

the bid package such as the drawings,
specifications, general conditions, and bill of
quantities.

• All documents need to be closely reviewed by the

construction manager and appropriate owner
personnel to decrease conflicts, and changes.

• With the contract documents are almost complete;

a detailed and complete cost estimate for the
project can be done.
2.0. Procurement phase (Bidding and award
phase)

• The project formally transits from design into

construction.
• This stage begins with a public advertisement for all
interested bidders or an invitation for specific bidders.
• In fast-track projects, this phase overlaps with the
design phase.
• If the project is phased, each work package will be
advertised and bid out individually.
• It is very important stage to select highly qualified
contractors. It is not wise to select the under-bid
contractors.
3.0 Construction phase
• The actual physical construction of the project
stage.
• This stage takes the project from procurement
through the final completion.
• It is the time where the bulk of the owner’s
funds will be spent.
• It is the outcome of all previous stages (i.e.,
good preparation means smooth construction).
• The consultant will be deployed for contract
administration and construction supervision.
• Changes during construction may hinder the
progress of the project.
4.0 Closeout phase

• Transition from design and construction to the

actual use of the constructed facility.
• In this stage, the management team must provide
documentation, shop drawings, as-built drawings,
and operation manuals to the owner organization.
• The as-built drawings are the original contract
drawings adjusted to reflect all the changes that
occurred.
• Assessment of the project team’s performance is
crucial in this stage for avoiding mistakes in the
future.
• Actual activity costs and durations should be
recorded and compared with that was planned. This
updated costs and durations will serve as the basis
for the estimating and scheduling of future projects.
PROBLEMS FACING CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY:

 Highly traditional and fragmented; slow to embrace

new technology
 Restrictive/outdated building codes
 Labor agreements and craft jurisdictional issues
 Liability and legal considerations
 Lack of profit motive or other incentive
PROBLEMS FACING THE CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY:

 Government regulation

 Environmental constraints

 NIMBY syndrome (Not In My Back Yard)

 Global competition
OVERVIEW OF THE CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY

 10% of GNP
 Employs over 10,000,000 workers

 Annual Volume exceeds $800 billion

 Vital to the Nation’s economic health and

quality of life
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT TEAM

Construction Team can be described as formal

group of individuals/parties who work together on
a permanent / contract basis to undertake
specialist construction, and essential technology,
mechanism and equipment the team uses.

Main Parties of Construction Team are;

 The Client ( Owner )

 The Design Team
 The Construction Team
ASSIGNMENT 01
Find out ;

1 Different Type Of Clients in the Construction

industry
2 Roles and responsibilities of Client
3 Who are the Members in Designing Team
and their roles and responsibilities
4 Who are the Members in Construction Team
and their roles and responsibilities
5 The Role of Construction Project Manager in
each functions in project management