Pharmacology unit 3

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1. During patient teaching regarding self-administra- B

tion of glaucoma ophthalmic drops, which statement
made by the nurse is correct?
A. "You may continue to use the drops up to one year
after the expiration date."
B. "Applying pressure to the lacrimal duct closest to
the nose for a few minutes can help decrease side
effects of changing
patient's blood pressure and heart rate."
C. "Continue to use eye drops even if your eyes start
to swell."
D. "You do not have to keep the tip of the dropper clean
since these are just glaucoma drops."

2. When providing teaching regarding eye medications B

prescribed for glaucoma, the nurse tell the patient
miotics help manage glaucoma by which mechanism
of action.
A. "Miotics act on the optic nerve to help dilate the iris
thus increasing intraocular pressure."
B. "Miotics act as pupillary constrictors increasing the
rate that aqueous humor leaves the eye and therefore
decreasing
Intraocular pressure
C. "Miotics decrease the activity of carbonic anhy-
drase."
D. "Miotics act as a ouillary dilator that helos to facil-
itate the rate that aqueous humor leaves the eye and
therefore increasing intraocular pressure."

3. The nurse is preparing to administer Ketorolac (Acu- A

lar) drops. The patient asks, "Why am I getting these
eye drops?" The nurse's correct response is:
A. "This medication will help treat your allergic con-
junctivitis."
B. "This medication will help treat your bacterial con-
junctivitis."
C. "This medication will helo treat numb vour eve."
D. "This medication will help treat your glaucoma."
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4. CA is a 39-year-old male who has arrived to your clinic C

with reports of mild eye redness, yellow drainage with
no swelling of left eye. His son was recently treated
for an ophthalmic infection. He was first treated with
Bacitracin and then Ofloxacin due to the Bacitracin
treatment failure. You determine CA's infection is like-
ly bacteria. Which
opTIC medication would you prescribe.
A. Neomycin, Polymyxin B, and Hydrocortisone
B. Bacitracin
C. Ofloxacin
D. Natamvcin

5. CA contacts your clinic 48 hours after his initial clinic B

visit reporting that he now has swelling in his left
upper eyelid.
He denies eye pain or changes with vision. You decide
to prescribe an anti-inflammatory agent. Which agent
below is best?
A. ÿÿOxymetazoline
B. ÿÿPrednisolone
C. Azelastne
D. Natamycin

6. While instructing a patient about ear drops you pre- A

scribed to treat otitis media, the patient asks you, "I
know why an antibiotic is in the drops. but why is
hydrocortisone in these ear drops as well?" What is
your best response?
A. "Hydrocortisone reduces itching and inflamma-
tion."
B. "Hydrocortisone will soften cerumen.
C. "Hydrocortisone is used to treat fungus infections."
D. Hydrocortisone helps to numb the area to decrease
pain.

7. NK is an 8-year-old female who arrives to the clinic B

with her mother who reports that the patient has had
left ear pain for 2 days. The provider assesses the ear
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and notes redness, mild edema, yellow fluid, and in-
ability to fully identify the tympanic membrane. What
ear drop would be most appropriate to prescribe for
this patient?
A. Polymyxin B
B. Ofloxacin
C. Betametnasone
D. Prednisone

8. Which of the following patients should you use cau- B, E

tion before prescribing a decongestant? (Select all
that apply)
A. A 48-vear-old female with allergic rhinitis
B. A 39-vear-old male with history of hypertension
C. A 52-vear-old female with peptic ulcer disease
D. A 14-year-old male with fever and cough
E. A 68-vear-old female with glaucoma

9. CK is a 42-year-old male who reports rhinorrhea and B

itchy nose, usually only during the summer months.
He prefers not to use an oral medication stating, "I
don't want to take oral medications because I am
worried about systemic medications." Which of the
following would be best to prescribe?
A. Olopatadine
B. Cromolvn
C. Ladoxamide
D. loratadine

10. You are providing discharge teaching to a 63-year-old B

female regarding her new inhalers to help treat her
diagnosis of COPD; she will go home with a SABA and
a LABA. Which statement by the patient indicates a
need for additional teaching:
A. ÿÿ"I will be sure and check my pulse before and after
using my inhalers."
B. ÿÿ" will use the Salmeterol whenever I suddenly de-
velop shortness of breath."
C. "| will wait at least one minute between the first and

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second puff of my inhaler.
D. "I will be sure and shake my inhalers before use."

11. What should you instruct the patient regarding possi- A, B, E

ble side effects while taking anti-histamines? (Select
all that apply)
A. Dry mouth
B. "Hangover effect"
C. TachvCardia
D. Diarrhea
E. Drowsiness
F. Dizziness

12. 14-year-old male arrives to your clinic with his moth- A

er for treatment of his asthma. His mother reports
he only experiences symptoms less than 2 days per
month. Which of the following would be the most ap-
propriate initial
treatment modalities?
A. As needed low dose ICS
B. Daily low dose ICS
C. Daily high dose ICS
D. Daily medium dose ICS

13. A patient recently started a bronchodilator and asks D

the nurse, "How does this medication help me breath
better?"
The nurse's hest response is;
A. "Bronchodilators are prescribed to help constrict
the muscles and airways in your lungs to increase
airway."
B. "Bronchodilators taken daily can help decrease
your seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms"
C. "Bronchodilators help to constrict the muscles and
dilate the airways to help you breath better.
D. "Bronchodilators help to relax and dilate the air-
ways to help you breath better."

14. Which add on medication is appropriate to prescribe A

to an adolescent patient with asthma due to its anti-in-
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flammatory effects?
A. Montelukast
B. Dextromethorpnan
C. Acetvicysteme
D. Benzonatate

15. JB comes to your clinic today to establish a new B

primary care provider. He is a 36-year old male with
a history of asthma since childhood. He is currently
only using a SABA inhaler as needed. Following the
current updated GINA guidelines You know JB also
needs:
A. a phosphodiesterase Type 4 inhibitor
B. an ICS
C. a monoclonal agent
D. an anttussive agent

16. A 42-year-old African American female comes to your D

clinic this morning for a 6-month follow-up visit with
labs.
She is a known hypertensive patient who is currently
on Lisinopril that has now caused her to have a dry
cough. She would like to try another medication. Fol-
lowing current evidence-based practice guidelines,
which of the following meds would vou prescribe?
A. Spironolactone
B. Bumetadine
C. Furosemide
D. Hvdrochlorothiazide

17. JH is a 68-year old African American male who pre- D

sents today with a new onset of hypertension. He
has a history of chronic gout. Which medication listed
below is contraindicated to start JH on to treat his HTN
given his history of chronic gout?
A. Colcrys
B. Valsartan
C. Lisinopril
D. Lisinopril with HCTZ

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18. JH is a 68-year-old African American male presents A
to your clinic for treatment of his chronic gout. He
was just started on an anti-hypertensive medication
a week ago. Which medication below is indicated for
the management of chronic gout?
A. Probenecid
B. Ketorolac
C. Eurosemide
D. Lactulose

19. Hazel is a 50-year-old female who has ESRD and re- C

quires hemodialysis three times per week. You have
added
Sevelamer to her medication regimen. When Hazel
asks why she needs this medication, your best re-
sponse should
be?
A. "This medication will help get rid of the extra potas-
sium in your body."
B. "Patients take this medication to help lower their
pain level associated with hemodialysis treatment."
C. "This medication will help get rid of extra phospho-
rus in your body."
D. "Patient take this medication to help with diarrhea.

20. You've discovered that your patient has a K+ level of B

6.5 Her kidney function is normal and denies intake
of a large amount of potassium containing foods. You
review her medication list and determine which med-
ication could
potentially be the cause of her hyperkalemia?
A. Valsantan
B. Lisinopril
C. Furosemide
D. HCTZ

21. You are treating a patient with an elevated K+ lev- C

el. Which of the following medications will you pre-
scribed?

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A. Sodium chloriDe
B. sevelamer
C. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
D. lanthanum

22. A patient presents to your clinic with reports of a C

1-day history of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. She
complains of
mild abdominal cramping, dry mouth, inability to tol-
erate oral fluids, and her urine appears darker in color
than
normal. Which fluid replacement would be best to ad-
minister to this patient?
A. Dextrose 10%
B. NaCI 3%
C. NaCl 0.9%
D. Gatorade

23. Allison is a 22-year-old female who is relatively C

healthy. She reports to you that she has a 2-day histo-
ry of a nonproductive cough. Which medication would
be the most optimal and has fewer side effects to
prescribe to treat her cough:
A. Diphenhydramine
B. Tussionex
C. Benzonatate
D. Promethazine with Codeine

24. Caxton is a 15-month-old male who arrives to your D

clinic with his mother. She reports he has had a cough
for approximately 2 days. Exam reveals clear nasal
drainage, lungs clear, afebrile, and normal tympanic
membranes. You
instruct the mother that his cough is likely related to
his post nasal drainage. What is the best treatment to
provide for this patient:
A. Prescribe the patient Benzonatate
B. Instruct the mother to get Children's Guaifenesin
OTC.

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C. Sleep with head flat and clear nasal passages with
suction bulb with each diaper change.
D. Sleep with head elevated and clear nasal passages
with suction bulb with each diaper change.

25. What is the mechanism of action of sodium poly- D

styrene sulfonate?
A. It removes calcium ions.
B. It removes phosphate Ions.
C. it replaces electrolytes
D. It removes potassium ions.

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