gps;is tpUj;jpapy;

nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk;
fhuzpfs;
M.N.F. Rusdha – 2021BED25110
M.S.M. Shahmy –2021Bed25118
M.S.N. Ahmedh – 2021Bed24921
A.F.. Azeema – 2021Bed24624
M.N.F. Nusra – 2021Bed25007
 cs;slf;fk;

• tpUj;jp gw;wpa mwpKfk

• gps;is tpUj;jpapy; nry;thf;Fr; nryj;Jk; Kf;fpa fhuzpfs;
• guk;giuf; fhuzpfs;
• #oy; fhuzpfs;
• fw;wy;;> Kjph;T
• KbTiu
gps;is tpUj;jpapy; nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs;
guk;giu
#oy;
fw;wy;
Kjpu;T
 guk;giuf; fhuzpfs;
• gpwg;Gupikapd; je;ij : fpufu; nkd;ly; (Gregor Mendel)

• kugZ : vkJ clw;fyq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;w epw

%u;j;jq;fspYs;s DNA vd miof;fg;gLk; Nrjd %yf;
$WfspD}lhfNt jiyKiw ,ay;Gfs; flj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
,jidNa nghJthf kugZ vdf; Fwpg;gpLtu;.
 gpd;tUk; topKiwfspDhlhf guk;giuf; fhuzpfs; gps;is tpUj;jpapy;
nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;wd.

1. guk;giu topAupik:
• kugZ tif
• Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; kw;Wk; gpd;dilT kugZf;fs;
2. cly; tsu;r;rp:
• tsu;r;rp Kiwfs;
• Rfhjhu epiyikfs;
3. mwpthw;wy; tsu;r;rp:
• mwpTrhu; jpwd;fs;
• fw;wy; NfhshWfs;
4.czu;r;rp kw;wk; elj;ij gz;Gfs;:
• kdg;ghd;ik
• kd MNuhf;fpak;
5. MSik kw;Wk; Ez;zwpT tpUj;jp

• MSik xOq;fPdk; - Schizophrenia vd;Dk; Neha; epiyik

• 1950 ,y; xNu tpjkhd MSik xOq;fPdq;fis ntspg;gLj;jpa xj;j
,ul;ilau;fs; kPJ Nkw;nfhz;l Ma;T
• Ez;zwpT tpUj;jp
• “ guk;giuapdhy; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; xU nghJj;jpwNd Ez;zwpT"
(Mju; n[d;rd;)
• epA+kd;(1937) y;l;(1962) MfpNahu; Nkw;nfhz;l Ma;Tfs;
6. Mjpf;fk; ngw;w guk;giuayfpd; FiwghLk; kiwepiyg; guk;giuayfpd; FiwghLk;

• FUl;Lj;jd;ik
• euk;Gj; njhFjpapYs;s rpijT Neha;
• ,uj;j Neha;
• Rthrj;njhFjp Neha;

7. nkhop tsu;r;rp

• nkhop ifafg;gLj;jy;.
• Ngr;Rf; NfhshWfs;
 Foe;ij gpwe;j gpd;duhd #oy; (ntspr;#oy;)

• xU Foe;ijapd; tho;f;if gpd;dzpia tpUj;jp nra;tjpy; ,uz;L tifahd #oy;fspd; jhf;fk; ,lk;ngWk;.

1. Foe;ij gpwg;gjw;F Kd;duhd #oy;.

2. Foe;ij gpwe;j gpd;duhd #oy;.

• xU jha; Foe;ijia gpurtpj;j gpd;dH me;jf; Foe;ij ve;j #oypy; tho;fpwNjh mJNt ntspr;#oy; vdg;gLk;.

• mJtiu fhyKk; jhapd; cly; cs epiyapid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tpUj;jp mile;j Foe;ij ntspr;#oYf;F
tUfpd;w nghOJ mr;#oypy; ,Ue;J fpilf;fpd;w J}z;bfspd; nry;thf;fpw;F cw;gl;L tpUj;jpa milAk;.

• #oypaw; fhuzpfshd mKf;fk;> jifg;G> <Hg;G Nghd;wdTk; Foe;ijapd; tpUj;jpapy; jhf;fk; nrYj;Jtjhf gpahN[
Nghd;w cstpayhsHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH.
 Foe;ijapd; tpUj;jpapy; tsu;r;rpapy; nry;thf;F
nrYj;Jk; #oy; fhuzpfs;

• xUtuJ tsu;r;rpiaAk; elj;ijiaAk; mtDf;F Gwj;Nj ,Ue;J

fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; gytpj fhuzpfs; R+oy; fhuzpfs; vdg;gLk;.
• xU Foe;ijapd; tho;f;if gpd;dzpia tpUj;jp nra;tjpy; ,uz;L
tifahd R+oypd; nry;thf;F fhzg;gLfpwJ
1. Foe;ij gpwg;gjw;F Kd;duhd R+oy; jhapd; fUtiw
2. Foe;ij gpwe;j gpd;duhd R+oy;
(ngsjpf R+oy; kw;Wk; r%fr; R+oy;)
 gpwg;Gf;F Kd;Ds;s R+oy;
• ,J mfr; R+oy; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
• jhapd; fu;g;g fhyk; 40 thuq;fshFk;.
• ,g;gUtk;; Foe;ijapd; tsu;r;rp epiyfSf;Fk; njhopw;ghL
jd;ikfSf;Fk; Vw;g %d;W cg gpupTfshf gpupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ
1. Efg;gUtk; - (Zygote) (Kjy; ,uz;L thuq;fs;)
2. Kisa epiyg; gUtk; - (Embriyo) (2 Kjy; 8 thuq;fs; tiu)
3. Kjpu; %yTU gUtk; - (Foetim) (9 thuk; Kjy; gpwg;G tiu)
 jhapd; fUg;igapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ Foe;ijapd;
rPuhd tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; rPuhd tpUj;jpapy; nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj;Jk; tplaq;fs;

• jha; rpwe;j cly; eyj;Jld; ,Uj;jy;

• jha; Nghrhf;fhd czTfis cl;nfhs;sy;
• jhapd; rpwe;j kd vOr;rpfs;
• jhapd; Neu; kdg;ghq;Ffs;
 Foe;ijapd; tsu;r;rpapYk; tpUj;jpapYk; ghjpg;ig
Vw;gLj;Jk; nraw;ghLfs;
• Nghijg; nghUl; ghtid
• MNuhf;fpakw;w czTfis cz;zy;
• mjpfkhfg; gag;gLjy;
• vjpu; kdg;ghq;Fld; ,Uj;jy;
• ve;j NeuKk; Nrhfkhd epidTfSld; ,Uj;jy;
• tpahjpAw;wpUj;jy;
• mjpfstpy; kUe;Jg; nghUl;fisg; ghtpj;jy;

vdNt cly;> cs kw;Wk; kdntOr;rp uPjpapy; MNuhf;fpakhd jha;

xUtuhNyNa rPuhd tsu;r;rp> tpUj;jp nfhz;l MNuhf;fpakhd Foe;ijia
ngw;nwLf;f KbAk;.
• xU Foe;ij jd;Dila tho;f;ifia ntw;Wf; fhfpjkhfNt Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. (N[hd; Nyhf;)

• ,j;jifa ntspr;#oy; ,uz;L tifg;gLk;.

1. ngsjPf #oy;.

• ngsjpf #oy; vd;gJ Foe;ijapd; ntw;Wf;fz;zpdhy; mtjhdpf;f $ba tplaq;fshFk;.

• ,t; ngsjPf #oYld; Foe;ij tpisahl;bd; %yKk;> jd;Dila md;whl nray;ghLfspd; %yk;
njhlHGw;W mJ njhlHghd mDgtq;fis ngWfpwJ.
• cjhuzkhf: tpisahLtjd; %yk; tpisahl;L nghUl;fis mtjhdpj;J mt; tpisahl;L nghUspd;
msT> jd;ik> epwk; kw;Wk; ,t; tpisahl;Lg; nghUis ve;j tpisahl;bw;F gad;gLj;j KbAk;
Vw;gl njhlHghd mDgtq;fisAk; Foe;ij ngsjPf #oypy; ,Ue;J ngWfpd;wJ.
• ,t;thW ngsjpf #oYld; njhlHG nfhs;fpd;w re;jHg;gj;jpy; Foe;ijfs; jq;fSila mwptpid
tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhf mjpfkhd tpdhf;fis tpdTthHfs;. mj;ija tpdhf;fSf;F
Foe;ijia Rw;wpAs;s mq;fj;jtHfspd; %yk; Neuhd tpilfs; fpilf;fg;ngwpd; mtHfspy; Neuhd
tpUj;jpiaAk; vjpHkiwahd tpilfs; fpilf;fg;ngwpd; vjpHkiwahd tpUj;jpapidAk; ngw KbAk;.
 r%f #oy;

• Foe;ijapd; tpUj;jp kw;Wk; tsHr;rpapy; ngsjPf #oypd; gq;fspg;gpid

Nghd;w r%f #oypd; gq;fspg;G
• r%f #oy; vd;gJ gps;isia Rw;wpAs;s kdpjHfspd; $l;lk;
• r%f #oypy; cs;slq;Fk; $Wfs;:
1. FLk;g #oy;
2. ghlrhiy #oy;
3. rfghbfs; kw;Wk; rka taJ FOf;fs;
4. fyhrhu kj epWtdq;fs;
5. Vida epWtdq;fs;
 FLk;gr; #oy;

▪ FLk;gr; #oy; - ngw;NwhHfs;> cld;gpwe;jtHfs; Vida FLk;g cWg;gpdHfs; kw;Wk;

maytu;fs

▪ FLk;g R+oypy; gps;is tpUj;jpapy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs; .

1. ngw;NwhH tsHg;G ghq;Ffs;
2. FLk;g mikg;G kw;Wk; gUkd;
3. ngw;Nwhu; gps;is njhlu;G
4. FLk;g nghUshjhu epiy
5. fy;tpg; gpd;dzp
 gps;is tpUj;jpapy; FLk;gj;jpd; jhf;fk; njhlHghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gupNrhjidfs;;

1. `up `hNyhtpd; Fuq;F gupNrhjid

• Nrhjid : jha; gpuptpd; tpisTfs; kw;Wk; thlif jha; %ykhd guhkupg;G Fwpj;j Ma;T
• mtjhdk;: ePzl
; fhykhf jha; top gpuptpidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l Fuq;Ffs; Jd;gk; gjl;l kw;Wk; mrhjhuz
elj;ijfspd; mwpFwpfis ntspg;gLj;jpd.
• rpwg;ghd rupg;gLj;jg;gLjy; kw;Wk; r%f uPjpahd jpwik> cstpay; uPjpahd rfpg;Gj;jd;ik Nghd;wtw;wpy;
Fiwthd tpUj;jpia fhl;bd.
• KbT: gps;isapd; MNuhf;fpakhd tsHr;rp kw;Wk; ,Wjpapy; czHTg+Htkhd MWjy; kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhupd;
Mjutpd; ,d;wpaikahj gq;F

2. Nkup Id;]; NthHj; ,d; tprpj;jpukhd #o;epiy eilKiw

3.NICHD ,d; Muk;gfhy Foe;ij guhkupg;G Ma;T

 gs;spr; #oy;

▪ gs;spr; #oy; : MrpupaHfs;> tFg;Gj; NjhoHfs; >Vida khztu;fs; fy;tp rhuh Copau;fs;
kw;Wk; fy;tp mikg;gpy; cs;s njhlHGfs; kw;Wk; cwTfs

▪ gs;sp R+oypy; gps;is tpUj;jpapy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs;

1.fy;tpapd; juk;
2..ghlj;jpl;lk;
3.fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;
4.tsq;fs-
5.MrpupaH elj;ij
6.tFg;Gj; NjhoHfs;:
 gps;is tpUj;jpapy; ghlrhiy #oypd; jhf;fk; njhlHghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
gupNrhjidfs
1. caHNehf;F fy;tp Muha;r;rp mwf;fl;lisapd; ngHup ghyH jpl;lk;

• Nehf;fk; : nghUshjhu uPjpahf gpd;jq;fpa gpd;dzpapy; ,Ue;j Foe;ijfs; kPjhd Foe;ij gUt fy;tpapd;
jhf;fj;jpid Muha;jy;
• Nrhjid : ,U ghyH FOf;fs; xU FO tpupthd kw;Wk; mwpthHe;j J}z;LjYldhd ghyH ghlj;jpl;lj;ij
ngw;wJ kw;iwa FO ve;j Kiwahd fhyH jpl;lj;jpYk; gq;Nfw;f tpy;iy.
• mtjhdk; kw;Wk; KbT: caHju ghyH jpl;lj;jpy; gq;Nfw;w Foe;ijfs; gq;Nfw;fhj Foe;ijfSld;
xg;gpLk;NghJ Nkk;gl;l mwpthw;wy; jpwd;fs; fy;tp nray;jpwd; kw;Wk; r%fj; jahH epiyia ntspg;gLj;jpa
ik. gyH jpl;lj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;ltHfs; mjpf Ntiy tha;g;G kw;Wk; tUkhdk; ngWtjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs;
mjpfkhf fhzg;gl;lJ
• ghyH jpl;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhz;l egHfsplk; xg;gl
P l
; stpy; Fw;w nray;fspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f FiwT fhzg;gl;lik
• KbT: gps;isfspd; tpUj;jpf;F Muk;gf; fl;lj;jpy; caHju Muk;g fy;tp mtrpak;.

• 2. caHNehf;F fy;tp Muha;r;rp mwf;fl;lisapdhy; elj;jg;gl;l khztH MrpupaH rhjid tpfpj Ma;T
 rfghb #oy;

▪ xNu taJ my;yJ r%f tl;lj;jpd; jdpegHfSldhd njhlHGfs; kw;Wk; cwTfs;

▪ rka taJf; FOf;fspd; R+oypy; gps;is tpUj;jpapy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs;

1.el;G uPjpahd njhlu;G

2.rfhf;fspd; mOj;jk;:
3.r%fkakhf;fy; kw;Wk; r%f jpwd;fs;
4.rfhf;fspd; Vw;G kw;Wk; epuhfupg;G
5.jdpg;gl;l NtWghLfs;
 kj #oy;

▪ Fwpg;gpl;l kj ghuk;gupak;> fyhr;rhu #oy; kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l mDgtq;fisg; nghWj;J

jhf;fk; khWgLk;.

▪ kj epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; Foe;ij tsHr;rpapy; mtw;wpd; jhf;fk;.

1.Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Nghjidfs;

2.rlq;Ffs; kw;Wk; eilKiwfs;
3.kjr;rhHgw;w jhf;fq;fs;
4.kj Rje;jpuk;
5.kj rfpg;Gj;jd;ik
 r%f epWtdq;fs;

▪ gps;is tpUj;jpapy; Fwpg;gpl;l mstpy; jhf;fk; nrYj;Jfpd;wd .;.

▪ MSik tpUj;jp nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd

Clfq;fs kw;Wk; rpdpkh

▪ Clfq;fs; tsHe;J tUk; gps;isfspd; tpUj;jpapy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;wd.;.

▪ mwpif uPjpahd tsHr;rp Nghd;w NeHkiwahd jhf;fk;
▪ jtwhd Kd;khjpupfs; Nghd;w vjpHkiwahd jhf;fk
 KjpHT
• KjpHT vd;gJ clw;njhopw;ghLfshYk; clw;$w;wpYk; eilngWk; tpUj;jpahFk;.

• ghuk;gupaj;jpd; nry;thf;fpdhy; xU capupapd; capupay; tsHr;rp KjpHT vdg;gLk;.

• mjhtJ kugpay; uPjpahd epfo;r;rp jpl;lj;jpd; gb elj;ijapy; Vw;gLfpd;w nraw;ghlhFk;.

• KjpHtpid njhif mbg;gilapy; mstpl KbahJ.

• gps;isapd; KjpHTf;fhd Fwpfhl;bfs;

1. NgRjy;
2. elj;jy;

gps;is tpUj;jpapy; KjpHtpd; jhf;fj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Ma;Tfs;.

cstpay; mwpQuhd nkf;fpNwhtpd; Ma;T (1943)

 fw;wy;
• xU capup jhk; jhk; fw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;w tplaq;fspD}lhf elj;ijapy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jy; fw;wy;
MFk;.

• fw;wypd; $Wfs;

1. Ez;zwpT

2. ,irTgLj;jy;

3. Vida capHj;njhopw;ghLfs;.

• fw;wypd; gq;fspg;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Ma;Tfs;

• <nld;dp]; vd;gtupd; xU Nrhb ,ul;il ngz;gps;isfspd; jdpikg;gLj;Jk; gupNrhjid Kiwik

 fw;wYf;Fk; KjpHTf;FkpilNaahd njhlHG

• kdpjdpd; cs;SWg;Gfspd; tsHr;rpapdhy; nray;fis KjpHT vdTk;

Gwr;#oypy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; elj;ij khw;wq;fs; fw;wy; vdg;gLk;.

• KjpHit mile;j gps;isf;F fw;wiy toq;FjYk; mg;gps;isaplk; fw;wy;

epfo KjpHT Njit.

• KjpHtpd; tpisNt fw;wyhFk;.

 xl;Lnkhj;jkhf Nehf;Fkplj;J xU gps;isapd;
tpUj;jpapy; mg;gps;isapd; guk;giu > #oy; >
KjpHT> fw;wy; Mfpa fhuzpfs; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd
nry;thf;fpid nrYj;JfpwJ vdyhk;

ed;wp
 crhj;Jizfs;

• https://homework.study.com/explanation/how-does-heredity-affect-childdevelopment.html

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3303131/

• https://www.verywellmind.com/genes-and-development-2795114

• https://psychologywriting.com/childrens-development-affected-by-environment/

• https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.102.3.458

• gps;is tsu;rr; pAk; fw;wYk; - nr.mUs;nkhop

• fy;tp cstpay; - f. rjhrpt%u;j;jp