Type 2 diabetes or Non-insulin dependent diabetes

This is the most common form of diabetes that most often occurs in adulthood. Here, fat, muscle
and liver cells do not respond correctly to insulin. This is called insulin resistance; it’s a gradual
process that develops slowly over time. As a result, blood sugar cannot enter these cells to be
stored for energy and builds up in the blood.

Essentially, the pancreas produces normal insulin amounts, just that the tissues and cells do
not respond to it; the cells don’t move their glucose transporters to their membranes and
respond. These transporters are necessary for glucose to get into the cell. [Glucose requires
transport proteins to enter cells because the cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it
allows certain substances to pass through while restricting the passage of others.] The exact
reason why cells don’t respond is not fully understood based on the journal articles that used.

The pancreas ends up producing more insulin to move glucose into the cell. They increase the
number of beta cells, which also enlarges, in their attempt to produce more insulin. This works
for a while, but over time these beta cells get exhausted, become dysfunctional, and shrink and
die. Insulin levels decrease along with this, and glucose levels in the blood increases. These
results in similar symptoms as in Type 1 diabetes discussed previously.