Thus communication means sharing of ideas,

information and messages.

It can be defined as
• exchange of facts,
• ideas,
• opinions
• emotions
between two or more persons to create a
common ground of understanding.
 COMMUNICATION - MEANING
 Communication is a dynamic process…
 through this process we convey a thought or feeling to someone else.
 how it is received depends on a set of events, stimuli, that person is
exposed to.
 how you say what you say plays an important role in communication.
TOTAL COMMUNICATION PROCESS

Writing
9% Speaking
30%
Reading
16%

Listening
45%
 5 BASIC REASONS WE DO NOT LISTEN
 Listening is Hard Work

 Competition

 The Rush for Action

 Speed differences (120 wpm v/s 360 wpm)

 Lack of Training
 IMPROVING LISTENING SKILLS
 By not being Preoccupied
 Being Open Minded & Non Defensive
 Minimizing Interruptions
 Effective Listening is: Hearing, interpreting when necessary,
understanding the message and relating to it.
 By Asking Questions
COMMUNICATION CYCLE
RECAP
ELEMENTS OF A COMMUNICATION CYCLE

Sender
Message
Encoding
Channel
Receiver
Decoding
Feedback
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
Communication skills are needed to:

Inform: You may be required to give facts or information to someone.

For example,communicating the timetable of an exam to a friend.

Influence: You may be required to influence or change someone in an

indirect but usuallyimportant way. For example, negotiating with a
shopkeeper to reduce the price or helping a friend to overcome stress
due to exam or any other reason.

Express feelings: Talking about your feelings is a healthy way to express

them. For example, sharing your excitement about doing well in your
exams or sharing your feelings with your parents and friends.
 FEEDBACK

It is one of the essential factor in the process of

communication cycle.
It is the response or reaction of the receiver to the
sender after perceiving the message.
Feedbacks are of two types;
➢ POSITIVE FEEDBACK- It indicates that the
sender can continue his communication in the same
manner as before.
➢ NEGATIVE FEEDBACK- It suggests a need for
change in the mode of communication.
 IMPORTANCE OF FEEDBACK

Basis of Problem solving

Effective Listening
Can Motivate
Can improve performance
Tool for continued Learning
 DESCRIPTIVE FEEDBACK

It includes specific information in the form of written

comments or verbal conversations that help the
learner understand what he needs to do in order to
improve.
BENEFITS OF DESCRIPTIVE FEEDBACK
1. Provides useful information to students about their
learning
2. Fills the gap between their present level of
performance and the learning goal.
3. Enables the students to self assess and set their
goals accordingly.
 SESSION 4

BENEFITS OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
1.Reduces Misunderstanding and prevents us from
overlooking information
2.Effective communication creates a comfortable
environment where people of same/different gender,
religion, feelings and cultural backgrounds can work
together to resolve differences
3.Effective Communication initiates different people
to work towards a common goal
4.Effective Communication skill increases our self
respect and our confidence as well!
5.It also improves our overall relationship with each
other

16
THERE ARE THREE BASIC METHODS OF
COMMUNICATION

Verbal Communication

Non Verbal Communication

Visual Communication
 VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Verbal Communication involves the use of words in delivering the intended message.
Words are the most accurate and powerful tools to express and share ideas

There are two primary forms of verbal communication.

Written Communication

Mediated (Electronic) Communication

SPOKEN OR ORAL
COMMUNICATION

 Speeches
 presentations

 announcements are all

forms of spoken
communication
 casual conversations
between friends.
 ORAL COMMUNICATION
ADVANTAGES
 Saves time in communication.
 Flexible and effective for all.
 Reliable method of communication.
 Help us to express ourselves creatively.
 Quick feedback once delivered.
 Chance to make it more clearer in case 
of doubts while interpreting of words
or ideas.
 It helps us to organize complex ideas
and experiences into meaningful
information.
 It is difficult for certain people to
DISADVANTAGES
 Emotions are visible and hence
leads to trouble in certain cases.
 No legal validity and hence will
lead to problems in certain
situations.
Does not provide permanent
record unless it is recorded with
modern means of storage.
 It has issues when communicating
with distant people.
understand what someone is
saying due to various speech
tones used.
TIPS TO IMPROVE ORAL COMMUNICATION

Read out loud.

Make audio/video recordings of your reading. Take
note of the areas you need to work on
Talk to people in a manner that shows interest.
Take part in activities which involve public speaking.
 WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

Advantages of Written Communication

Disadvantages of Written Communication
Easy to preserve
Expensive
Simple presentation of complex matter
Time consuming
Permanent record
Useless for illiterate person
Prevents wastage of time and money
Difficult to maintain secrecy
Used as a reference
Lack of flexibility
Least possibility of misinterpreting
Delays response and decision making
 NON- VERBAL COMMUNICATION
❑ NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION happens in
the absence of any oral or composed words.
❑ Instead of written or oral words, it depends on
different non- verbal prompts like body
movements, gestures, expressions, symbols,
Images, signals charts, and so on to express
sentiments, attitudes or information.
❑ Although no words are used, non-verbal
communication can effectively convey
numerous human emotions more accurately
than verbal methods of communication.
COMMUNICATION

 7% WORDS
 Words are only labels and the listeners put their own
interpretation on speakers words
 38% PARALINGUISTIC
 The way in which something is said - the accent, tone and
voice modulation is important to the listener.
 55% BODY LANGUAGE
 What a speaker looks like while delivering a message
affects the listener’s understanding most.
TYPES OF BODY LANGUAGE
REMEMBER THAT YOU ARE DEALING WITH “PEOPLE”

 (P)OSTURES & GESTURES

 How do you use hand gestures? Stance?
 (E)YE CONTACT
 How’s your “Lighthouse”?
 (O)RIENTATION
 How do you position yourself?
 (P)RESENTATION
 How do you deliver your message?
 (L)OOKS
 Are your looks, appearance, dress important?
 (E)PRESSIONS OF EMOTION
 Are you using facial expressions to express emotion?
 WHAT IS BODY LANGUAGE?
Silent (non‐verbal) messages communicated through the sender's body
movements, facial expressions or paralingual noises.

POSTURE

FACIAL
Body EXPRESSION
Language
EYE CONTACT
BODY POSTURE

Sitting up straight may

indicate that a person is
focused and paying
attention to what's going on.

Crossed arms might

indicate that a person feels
defensive, selfprotective or
closed‐off.
28
BODY POSTURE

29
BODY POSTURE

30
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
 EYE CONTACT
 Reflectionof your inner self
 Revealing a great deal about what a person is feeling or
thinking
 Some common things you may notice include whether
people are making direct eye contact or averting their
gaze, how much they are blinking or if their pupils are
dilated.
 NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
ADVANTAGES
✓ It may be an alternative for spoken
message. For example, putting fingers
to lips is a kind of gesture which
indicates a need for silence, a simple
nod is a kind of facial expression which
can suggest ‘yes’.
✓ It is beneficial for specially abled
people (deaf /dumb).
✓ The message from the non‐verbal
interaction is received by the recipient
very fast.
DISADVANTAGES
✓ A long conversation is not possible,
lengthy discussions and necessary details
cannot be done.
✓ Difficult to understand, since in this type
of communication where speaker only
uses gestures, facial expressions, eye
contact, touch etc. for communication and
it might become difficult for some people
to understand.
 Visual Communication
Any verbal or non-verbal communication utilising the sense of sight is known as Visual
Communication.
 ADVANTAGES OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION

➢ Visual aids like graphs, diagrams, models,

etc., make oral communication more
meaningful
➢ Use of visual aids makes complex data easy to
comprehend.
➢ Visual aids make the communication more
interesting
BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
“WHATEVER WORDS WE UTTER SHOULD
BE CHOSEN WITH CARE FOR PEOPLE
WILL HEAR THEM AND BE INFLUENCED
BY THEM FOR GOOD OR ILL.”
BUDDHA
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION AND BARRIER ?
Communication is the activity of conveying
1 meaningful information. It requires a sender, a
message, and an intended recipient.

Barrier An obstacle in a place that

2 prevents us from completing certain tasks.

Communication barriers can be defined as

3 the aspects or conditions that interfere with
effective exchange of ideas or thoughts.
 • LANGUAGE BARRIERS
• PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
TYPES OF • PHYSICAL BARRIERS
• ATTITUDINAL BARRIERS
BARRIER • SEMANTIC BARRIERS
•ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
• CULTURAL BARRIERS
 LANGUAGE BARRIERS

• Inability to converse in a language

that is known by both the sender
and receiver is the greatest
barrier to effective
communication.
• When a person uses
inappropriate words while
conversing or writing, it could lead
to misunderstanding between the
sender and a receiver.
FACTORS CAUSING LANGUAGE BARRIERS

• Multi language
• Region
• Inadequate vocabulary
• Interpreting difference
 HOW TO OVERCOME ?

• Speak slowly and clearly.

• Ask for clarification.
• Frequently check for understanding.
• Be specific.
• Choose your medium of communication
effectively.
• Be patient.
 PHYSICAL BARRIER

• When physical Object

turns to a barrier eg.
Walls, Doors Glass
Partitions
• Some of them are easy to
Alter whereas, some may
prove to be tough
obstacles in the process
FACTORS CAUSING PHYSICAL BARRIER

Distraction in Physical disability

Defects in media Distance
environment

Ignorance of medium
 HOW TO OVERCOME?

To be updated with latest technologies

Choosing a suitable environment.

Removing obstacle.
Making signs easier to read, example, you could
supplement written signs with pictures and visual signs.

Self Motivation.
 CULTURAL BARRIER

• Cultures provide people ways of thinking--

ways of seeing, hearing, and interpreting the
world.
• Similar words can mean different things to
people from different cultures, even when
they talk the "same" language.
FACTORS CAUSING CULTURAL BARRIER

• Diversified cultural background.

• Language and Accent.
• Behavior and Nature.
• Religion.
 HOW TO OVERCOME ?

• Cross culture environment.

• Have a thorough knowledge of your
counterpart’s culture background.
• Conduct effective communication workshop.
• Work in groups and run frequent meeting
 EMOTIONAL BARRIER
• The emotional state may influence your
capacity to make yourself understood and
hamper your understanding of others.
• Many times, emotional barriers on your part or the
part of the person you are speaking which may
inhibit your ability to communicate on an effective
level.
FACTORS CAUSING EMOTIONAL BARRIER

• Fear/ insecurity
• Mistrust
• Stress
 HOW TO OVERCOME
• Motivation and commitment to change.
• Peer or mentor support .
• Practice expressing recognition .
 ATTITUDINAL BARRIERS

• Relationships, respect, workplace authority and education are

common ways men and women are pitted against each other.
• Overcoming barriers in gender communication isn’t simple but
can be made clear with a little patience and understanding.
• This barrier arises because men and women have different
ways of thinking and communication.
FACTORS CAUSING ATTITUDINAL BARRIERS
• Fear and shy
• Environment
• Misunderstanding
 HOW TO OVERCOME

• The process of bridging the gap in gender

communication requires the great deal of
patience and understanding that only time
and attention will teach.
 ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS

• Organizational structure greatly affects the

capability of the employees as far as the
communication is concerned .
• All the internal factors which block the process of
communication are known as organisational
barriers.
• Some such factors have already been discussed like
restrictive environments, deceptive
tactics, communication network.
FACTORS CAUSING ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
• Status relationship
• One way flow
• Organization structure
• Rules and regulations
• Too many levels in organization structure
 HOW TO OVERCOME?

• Poor structure to the communication.

• A weak delivery.
• The use of the wrong medium to deliver the
communication.
• A mixed message.
• The message is delivered to the wrong
audience.
• A distracting environment.
 PERCEPTUAL BARRIERS
• The most common problem is that the people
have difference opinion .
• The varied perceptions of every individual give
rise to a need for effective communication.
• We all have our own preferences, values,
attitudes, origins and life experiences that act
as ‘filters’ on our experiences of people,
events and information.
FACTORS CAUSING PERCEPTUAL BARRIERS
• Difference in Understanding
• Difference in Perception of Reality
• Differences in Values, Attitudes and Opinions
 HOW TO OVERCOME?

• Start by listening to others.

• Clarify if there is confusion.
• Stay calm and be positive.
LANGUAGE BARRIER
CULTURAL BARRIER
EMOTIONAL BARRIER
CULTURAL BARRIER
PHYSICAL BARRIER
ATTITUDINAL BARRIER
CONCEPTUAL BARRIER
 BASIC WRITING SKILLS
(HOME WORK)

Students to learn themselves

Learning Objective: to recap the writing skills developed till class 9

Since students are already well versed with the skills. They will be exploring the below mentioned
links based on phrases and writing skills and will prepare a summary report in Summer vacation .
the Same will be printed and filed in the Lab file.

https://youtube/YbLUN_1YX2
https://youtube.com/watch?v=IuDSRs_lZB
Find out any 10 positive phrases that u will be using in your day to day life.