(Physics) Geometrical Optics

DPP 07
SOLUTION

1.

1 1 1
− =
v u f
1 1 1
− =+
v −30 −10
1 −1 1 4
⇒ = − =− ⇒ v = −7.5
v 10 30 30
The final image distance = 2.5 cm in front of the mirror.
2. For retracing of ray; ray must fall normally on mirror i.e., towards the centre of curvature.

1 1 1
− = u = −15
v u f
1 1 1
+ = f = 10 cm
v 15 10
v = 30 cm
1 1 1
For mirror + = , u = 2f
v u f
1 1 1
+ =
v 2f f
v = 2f
Hence from the ray diagram
2f = 30 − 10
f = 10 cm
3. The light retraces its path if it is incident normally on a mirror. The rays after refraction through
the lens and the liquid are parallel.
n1 = 1, n2 = 3/2, n3 = 4/3, u = −15 cm and v = ∞

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(Physics) Geometrical Optics
n3 n1 (n2 − n1 ) n3 − n2
− = +( )
v u R R
n3 1 (3/2) − 1 [(4/3) − (3/2)]
− = −
∞ (−15) R R
On solving for R we get R = 10 cm.
Similarly, when second liquid is filled, we have
n′3 1 (3/2) − 1 n′3 − (3/2)
− = −
∞ (−25) 10 10
n′3 = 1.6
4. Let the object be placed at a distance x to the left of the lens.
1 1 1
= +
v (−20) (−x)
20x
v = −( )
x + 20
A virtual image is formed due to first refraction at the lens. Object distance is
20x 25x + 100
− (5 + ) = −( )
20 + x x + 20
From mirror equation,
1 (x + 20) 1
+ [− ] =
v′ 25x + 100 −10
1 1 x + 20 10x + 200 − 25x − 100
′
=− + =
v 10 25x + 100 250(x + 4)
50(x + 4)
v′ = −
(3x − 20)
This image is formed to the left of the mirror.
Object distance for second refraction through concave lens,
50(x + 4)
u′′ = − [5 − ]
(3x − 20)
We assumed that second image lies between lens and mirror.
The final image is produced at the object itself; hence
v ′′ = +x
From lens equation,

1 1 1
− ]=
x [5 − (50x + 4)] −20
3x − 20
On solving for x, we get
25x 2 − 1400x − 6000 = 0

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(Physics) Geometrical Optics
x 2 − 56x − 240 = 0
(x − 60)(x + 4) = 0
Hence x = 60 cm.
The object must be placed at 60 cm to the left of the diverging lens.
5. lens silvered at back surface work as a concave mirror and if the objection placed within the focus
and pole then the image will be erect or if distance of eye is more than 2F then enverted image is
seen.

For reflection from see surface

2 2 2
P = IP1 + PM = 2(μ − 1) + = (2μ − 1)
a a a
1 −a
F=− =
P 4μ − 2
To see erect image distance between eye and image should be less the effective focal length F.
⇒ |u| < |F|
a
u <
4μ − 2
a a a
u < = = = 0.25a
3
4×2−2 6−2 4

u < 0.25a
6. For the given case

μ1
sin ic =
μ2
Also μ1 sin θ = μ2 sin(90 − ic )

μ12
μ2 √1 −
μ22
⇒ sin θ =
√μ12

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(Physics) Geometrical Optics
μ2 μ12
⇒ θ = sin−1 [ √1 − 2 ]
μ1 μ2

For total internal reflection to occur,

μ2
θ < sin −1 √ 22 − 1
μ1

7. For total internal reflection,

1 1 3
μ= ⇒ sin θC = =
sin θC μ 4
sinθc 3/4 3 4 3
∴ tanθc = = = × =
√1 − sin2 θc 4 √7 √7
√1 − 9
16
R 3 36
∴ = ⇒R= cm
12 √7 √7
8. Total internal reflection occurs in a denser medium when light is incident at surface of
separation at angle exceeding critical angle of the medium.
Given: i = 45∘ in the medium and total internal reflection occurs at the glass air interface
1 1
∴n> > > √2
sinC sin45∘
9. Required number of reflections,
l
n=
dcot θ2
Also, sin 40∘ = μsin θ2
sin 40∘ 0.64 64
sin θ2 = = =
1.31 1.31 131
√(131)2 − (64)2 114
cot θ2 = =
64 64
2 × 64
n= ≈ 56140
20 × 10−6 × 114
10. If θc has to be the critical angle,

1
θc = sin−1
μ
But θc = 90∘ − ϕ, θi = θ

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(Physics) Geometrical Optics

sin θi 2
=μ=
sin ϕ √3
sin θ
⇒ =μ
cos θc
√μ2 − 1
But, cos θc =
μ
√μ2 − 1
∴ sin θ = μ = √μ2 − 1
μ

4 1
∴ θ = sin−1 √ − 1 = sin−1 ( )
3 √3
So that θc is making total internal reflection.

APNI KAKSHA 5