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Excel IN Mapwork Teacher Guide 2023

Geography (Union High School)

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Teacher's Guide
CAPS

Dr M. Singh

Excel in Mapwork Teacher’s Guide

GIS ACTIVITIES

Activity 1

1. It is a computer system made up of hardware, software, data and people used

to display and describe the spatial location of objects.
2. hardware, software, data and people.

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3. In vector maps the real world is represented by points, lines and polygons. In
raster maps features are represented by grid cells called pixels.
4. Maps can provide different levels of detail and clarity, depending on its use.
The resolution determines how much detail and clarity is provided. For better
clarity and greater detail, a higher resolution is required.
5. 5: The size of the pixel is smaller therefore the clarity is greater.
6 a. Rifle range, tracks/foothpaths, road
b. It is a closed shape/area formed when lines join.
c. Golf course, cultivated lands
d. point

Activity 2

1.1 It connects two places with a start and an end point.

1.2 road, rail
1.3 It is a single location on a map.
1.4 library, school
1.5 polygon- it has more than two coordinate points.
1.6 Three- town, park and dam

2
2.1 primary source
2.2 secondary source
2.3 primary source
2.4 secondary source

3. digitizing/scanning

4.
4.1 To prevent damage to property, reduce pollution of the river
4.2 To prevent damage of sand dunes and natural vegetation, prevent flooding.

5. Number of educators, learners per grade , subjects offered, examination results

-Student exam numbers has a preset form with the first few digits representing
the specific school, making it easy to group students in terms of the school
they belong to.
6. This is the combination of different data layers to produce a map, e.g for a town
you would combine data layers of roads, buildings and services on a single map.
7. slope of land, physical features, ecosystem, proximity of residential areas.
8. Can be used to identify sites for new clinics
Can be used to identify high risk areas of infectious diseases
Identify hospitals that are recording unusually high death rates etc.

Activity 3

1. Attribute data – Information displayed in the form of tables or numbers.

Spatial data – Describes the shape and location of geographic features.
2. a. spatial data
b. attribute data

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c. attribute data
3. a. Buildings, sports fields, goal posts
b. dam, windpump, stables, barn, cultivated lands, farmhouse
c. car park, specific shops
4. a. vector
b. raster
5. – threshold population must be high to make the business profitable
_ income bracket of the population it serves
_ Accessibility to private/public transport
_ Crime in area
6. research, fieldwork, surveys, satellites
7. Information stored in the computer which describes the shape and location of
features using co-ordinates.
8. It is a boundary or off-limits zone around a feature.
9. a. At a school children have to be protected from pollution, heavy traffic etc.
Thus they are not built close to industries.
b. Industries cannot locate too close to rivers because they pollute the rivers.
c. Destruction of sand dunes and preventing flood damage to property

Activity 4

1. Proximity to other golf courses, assessibility, distance to high class residential

areas, demand for sport in the area, relief of the land
2. Line: tracks and foothpaths
Point: farmstead
Polygon: cultivated lands
3. Vegetation, transport, relief
4. a. Outskirts of built up area, cheaper land, safety factor, noise pollution
b. safety, noise factor
5. line
6. a. Capturing data on the earths surface from a distance eg from outer space
b. Passive: uses the natural radiation reflected by the earth
Active: involves sending a signal to the earth and recording how it is
reflected back
c. In natural disasters like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, flooding etc the
area becomes inaccessible. Remote sensing can be used to capture images
at short notice and for large areas.
d. It is important because it can track changes over time eg measure changes
in land and sea temperatures.

7. Can be used to identify areas with high levels of crime and deploy police
officers accordingly.
8. a. Farm: can be used to determine relief, soil type, accessibility to water/
transport/ markets.
b. Tourism: To research tourist attractions, road maps, safety distances,
direction
c. Managing climate change: Can be used to track climatic change, monitor
temperature change (global warming), weather patterns, probability of
floods/droughts, track cyclones etc

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Activity 5

1. To show the earth which is spherical on a flat piece of paper.

2. Every map project has some form of distortion, there is therefore a need for
different projections to serve different purposes.
3. Area, distance, scale, shape, direction
4. Equal area: relative size of features is maintained
True direction: shows direction accurately

5.
5.1 30oS and 40oS
5.2 conical projections
6. The shape of continents are distorted
The distance between continents is distorted
The size of continents is distorted
7. Easier to measure distance
8.
8.1 Gauss conformal
8.2 23°E

Activity 6

1. East- Indian Ocean

West- Atlantic Ocean
2. Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique
3. Swaziland, Lesotho

Activity 7

1.
a. E
b. SE
2. Williston
3.True Bearing – has 360 points as compared to the compass which is limited

4
a. 162°
b. 180° + 104° = 284°
c. 61°
5. NE
6.
a. 78°
b. 180° + 81° = 261°
c. 26°
7. Angle formed between true north and magnetic north
8. To accurately plot a course of direction, to determine true north

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9. Difference in years: 2012 -1997 = 15 years

Annual change: 15y x 2' = 30'
MD for current year: 16°+30'
= 16°30' W of TN

B: Difference in years: 2012 -1990 = 22 years

Annual change: 22y x 4' = 88'
= 1°28'
MD for current year: 12° - 1°28'
= 10°32' E of TN

C: Difference in years: 2012 -2000 = 12 years

Annual change: 12y x 3' = 36'
MD for current year: 10°+36'
= 10°36' W of TN

Activity 8

1. To accurately read and interpret a map it is important to know by how much it

has been reduced in relation to reality.
2. One portion on the map represents 50 000 portions on the ground/ 1cm on the
map represents 50 000cm on the ground/ 1cm represents 0,5km on the ground/
1cm represents 500m on the ground.
3. 1:10 000: it shows more detail
4. Ratio
5. a. Map distance: 2cm
Scale: 1cm rep 0,5km
SLD: 2cm x 0,5
= 1km
b. Map distance: 1.5cm
Scale: 1cm rep 0,5km
SLD: 1,5cm x 0,5km
= 0,75km

6. Map distance: 5.9cm

Scale: 1cm rep 500m
SLD: 5.9 x 500
= 2950m
7. Dam wall: 2.3cm
Scale 1cm rep 500m
Actual dist: 2.3 x 500m
= 1150m
8. a. 3.7cm x 0.5
= 1.85km

b. 3.9cm x 0.5
= 1.95km

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c. 4.6cm x 0.5
= 2.3km

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

TONGAAT

1. Mapskills

1.1 2930 DB
1.2 South
1.3 SLD: 3,3cm x 0,5 = 1,65km
Act. Dist: 3,6cm x 0,5 = 1,8km
Difference = 0,15km
1.4 G =VI
HE
VI: 154,1 – 91 = 63,1m
HE: 4,2cm x 500 = 2100m
G = 63,1
2100
= 1: 33,28
1.5 TB = 1100
1.6 Gauss conformal projection
1.7 Vertical exaggeration = horizontal scale
vertical scale
= 50000
2000
= 25

1.8 latitude/longitude
1.9 A – sewage disposal
B – industry
C – farming/agricultural fields
1.10 3.8cm x 0.1
= 0.38km
2. MAP INTERPRETATION
2.1 school, hospital, police station
2.2 river- source of water
Central place – provides goods and services to surrounding rural settlements
2.3 high rainfall
- dense natural vegetation
- perennial rivers
- no windmills or small farm dams
2.4 SE
2.5 F – undercut slope
G – slip-off slope
2.6 low income – small plots, small houses, close to industry
2.7 located along the coast- land is expensive, good views
2.8 E- planned irregular- new extension

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2.9 agriculture- high rains, gently undulating land

2.10 presence of farm dams, large farm
2.11 nucleated- farm houses are close together
2.12 positive – job opportunities
negative – noise pollution, interference with ecosystems
2.1.3 dendritic

3.GIS
3.1 Spatial
3.2 polygon
3.3 vegetation, transport, water, relief
3.4 z- multiple lanes
v- not tarred
3.5 GIS will help the farmer to compare relief, accessibility to transport, water and
markets.

DUNDEE

1. MAPSKILLS
1.1 One portion on the map represents 50 000 portions on the ground/ 1cm on the
map represents 50 000cm on the ground/ 1cm represents 0,5km on the ground/
1cm represents 500m on the ground.
1.2 Newcastle
1.3 a. 0.8cm x 0.5
= 0.4km
b. 2.9cm x 0.5
= 1.45km

1.4 A = LxB
L: 6.2cm x 0.5 = 3.1km
B: 2.6cm x 0.5 = 1.3km
A = 3.1km x 1.3km
= 4.03km²

1.5 a. G = VI
HE
VI: 1595 – 1569
= 26m
HE: 1.8cm x 500
= 900m
G= 26
900
= 1: 34.61

b. G = VI
HE

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VI: 1595 – 1590.4

= 4.60m
HE: 2.6cm x 500
= 1300m
G= 4.60
1300
= 1: 282.6

c. 1:34.61 – it is steeper

1.6 Difference in years: 2012 – 1981 = 31

Mean annual change: 2'E x 31 = 62'
Magnetic dec. for current year: 18°7' - 62'
= 17° 5'W of TN

2. INTERPRETATION
2.1 Dry pans, non perennial streams, number of dams, reservoirs
2.2 Domestic, irrigation
2.3 Meander, braided stream, flood plain
2.4 P – planned irregular
Q – grid iron
2.5 Q
2.6 Hospital, school, police station
2.7 Rail transport, availability of water from river, large space for expansion, close
to built up area for labour supply and a market.
2.8 The presence of the Lloyd nature conservation area.
2.9 a. Presence of cultivated land and dipping tank
b. – when the crop production fails during a drought it can be supplemented
by the livestock.
- Left over crops can be used as feed for the livestock
- Droppings from livestock can be used as manure for the crops

3. GIS
3.1 Through data manipulation, can assist in finding trends and patterns in the
drought cycle and thus farmers can plant drought resistant crops, also plant
extra and store for the predicted drought period.
3.2 GIS would be able to provide data on when the river is likely to flood in terms
of the amount of rainfall that falls – statistical analysis
3.3 Through the process of querying – a predefined question can be asked
4.
a. mesa
b. A- crest
B- cliff
C- talus
D- pediment
c. horizontal
d. hiking, to view the monument
e. Has all 4 slope elements, pediment is gently sloping, talus is a uniform slope…

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UMTATA

1. MAPSKILLS
1.1 SW
1.2 a. It is the angle formed between true north and magnetic north
b. Difference in years: 2012 – 1997 = 15
Mean annual change: 8'W x 15 =120'
Magnetic dec. for current year: 23°54' + 120'
= 24° 54'W of TN
c. accurate direction, to find true north
1.3 a.

240

220

200

180

160

b. VE = VS
HS

= 1cm rep 20m

1: 50 000
= 2000
50 000
= 25 times

c. yes – no obstacles in between

2. INTERPRETATION
2.1 a. industry
b. close to a river, away from built up area, space for expansion, road
c. pollution

2.2 a. perennial
b. meandering, deposition
c. meander, slip-off slope, under-cut slope
d. Data manipulation refers to changing raw data to create new information.
Linking peak rainfall with flooding will help the municipality determine when
the river is likely to flood.

2.3
2.3.1 R61
2.3.2 Street trading, litter, dumping
2.3.3 informal trading

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2.3.4 GIS can be used to reduce crime, reduce traffic congestion, identify gaps in
service delivery, …

STANDERTON

1. MAPSKILLS
1.1 20m
1.2 2629CC
1.3 Runway length: 3.8cm x 500
= 1900m
1.4 26°48'9"S; 29°00'20"E
1.5 1560m
1.6
G = VI
HE
VI: 1638.7 – 1582
= 56.70m
HE: 2.4cm x 500
= 1200m
G= 56.7
1200
= 1: 21.16
1.7 fairly gentle

2. INTERPRETATION
2.1 crop cultivation
2.2 Gently sloping land
2.3 A number of small farm dams, reservoirs, windpumps,
2.4 Storage of water in dams for non-rainy season, use of under ground water,
2.5 N- slip-off
O- under-cut
2.6 very flat land as is evident from the lack of contour lines, planting on river
bank
2.7 a. dispersed
b. dam, windpump

2.8 The town centre has a grid-iron street pattern, Garden of remembrance 1899-
1902
2.9 a. Standerskop
b. R23
c. industry
d. meander

3.
3.1 Can get satellite photographs to access extent of damage, area may be
inaccessible, to determine type of rescue mission needed
3.2 Building of dams, weirs, levees
3.3 polygon
3.4 raster

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4.
4.1 Analysing the location of objects
4.2 It would provide useful information on the most suitable location for an industry
by comparing a variety of sites.

ACTIVITY 9

1.1 L: 3.9cm x 0,5 = 1,95km

B: 6cm x 0,5 = 3km
Area = L x B
1,95km x 3km
= 5,85km2

1.2 L: 4,7cm x 0,5 = 2,35km

B: 4,1cm x 0,5 = 2,05km
Area = L x B
= 2,35km x 2,05km
= 4,817km2

2. Matjiespan Dam
Number of full square = 10
Number of half or more squares= 12
Total area: 21 x 0,25km2
= 5,5km2

Weltervrede Dam
Number of full square = 11
Number of half or more squares= 12
Total area: 23 x 0,25km2
=5,75km2

Activity 10

1. Gradient = VI
HE

VI: 852-740
= 112m
HE: 2,5cm x 500m
= 1250m
gradient = 112

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1250
= 1: 11,16

2. Gradient = VI
HE

VI: 852-740
= 112m
HE: 3cm x 500m
= 1500m
gradient = 112
1500
= 1: 13,39
3. Gradient = VI
HE

VI: 852-760
= 92m
HE: 2,7cm x 500m
= 1350m
gradient = 92
1350
= 1: 14,67

4. Gradient = VI
HE

VI: 852-700
= 152m
HE: 3,3cm x 500m
= 1650m
gradient = 152
1650
= 1: 10,855

Activity 11

1.
1.1 J 28°06’18”S
25°13’15”E

1.2 K 28°07’28”S
25°17’45”E

1.3 L 28°05’10”S

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25°13’32”E

1.4 M 28°05’30”S
25°16’05”E

1.5 N 28°07’00”S
25°13’45”E

2.
2.1.1 tracks and footpaths
2.1.2 dam

2.2
2.2.1 28°05’15”S
25°13’32”E
2.2.2 28°05’32”S
25°13’45”E
2.2.3 28°05’07”S
25°11’43”E
2.2.4 28°06’43”S
2513’45”E
2.2.5 28°07’52”S
25°13’45”E

Activity 12
A- pass
B- plateau
C- Mesa
D- Butte
E- Saddle/col

Activity 13
1.
1.1 L: 3.9cm x 0,5 = 1,95km
B: 6cm x 0,5 = 3km
Area = L x B
1,95km x 3km
= 5,85km2

1.3 L: 4,7cm x 0,5 = 2,35km

B: 4,1cm x 0,5 = 2,05km
Area = L x B
= 2,35km x 2,05km
= 4,817km2

2. Matjiespan Dam
Number of full square = 10
Number of half or more squares= 12
Total area: 21 x 0,25km2

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= 5,5km2

Weltervrede Dam
Number of full square = 11
Number of half or more squares= 12
Total area: 23 x 0,25km2
=5,75km2

Activity 14

1.
1.1 No
1.2 Yes

2. VE = horizontal scale 0,5cm rep 50m

Vertical scale 1cm rep 100m (covert 100m to cm by multiplying by
= 50000 100)
10000 1cm rep 100 x 100cm
=5 1cm rep 10000cm

3.
3.1 VE = horizontal scale 1cm rep 100m (covert 100m to cm by multiplying by
Vertical scale 100)
= 50000 1cm rep 100 x 100cm
10000 1cm rep 10000cm
=5

3.2 VE = horizontal scale O,5 cm rep 100m

Vertical scale 1cm rep 200m (covert 100m to cm by multiplying
= 50000 by 100)
20000 1cm rep 200 x 100cm
= 2,5 1cm rep 20000cm

3.3 VE = horizontal scale

Vertical scale 1 cm rep 20m (covert 100m to cm by multiplying
by 100)
= 50000
1cm rep 20 x 100cm
2000 1cm rep 2000cm
= 25
4.1 VE = horizontal scale
Vertical scale 2 mm rep 20m
= 50000 1mm rep 10m (covert 10m to mm by multiplying
10000 by 1000)
=5 1mm rep 10 x 1000mm
1mm rep 10 000mm

4.2 VE = horizontal scale

1mm rep 10m (covert 10m to mm by multiplying
Vertical scale
by 1000)
= 50000 1mm rep 10 x 1000mm
1mm rep 10 000mm

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10000
=5

5. To get greater clarity when studying relief features.

Activity 15

1. South easterly- The river flows towards the sea

2. easterly- heights are decreasing in an easterly direction
3. trellis
4. A- ox bow lake
B- floodplain
C- meander

Activity 16

1. A- meander
B- ox-bow lake
C- Flood plain
2. Has fertile soil which promotes farming
3. No, because its source of water is cut off it eventually dries up and forms a
meander scar.
4. Dendritic
5. NE height is dropping in this direction
6. Perennial
7. Irrigation
8. Flowing through flat land
9.
9.1 1,3cm x 0,5
= 0,65km
9.2 it is shallow and has a large surface area exposed

Activity 17

Extract A
1. X- linear nucleation
Y- linear dispersion
2. – sharing of farming equipment
-Social and security advantage
3. –farms are a distance from each other, thus there is less social contact
-more vulnerable to crime
4. windbreaker
5. yes – the land is flat indicated by the contour lines being far apart.
6. The presence of silos, a dam and large size of farm

Extract B
1. Traditional farms

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2. Dense natural vegetation

3. The land is steep

Extract C
1. E- nucleated settlement
H- dispersed settlement
2. Windmill
3. Presence of marshes and swamps
4. (This question should read as: What type of farming is being practiced in the
area labelled H and E)
H- livestock farming
F- Mixed farming

Activity 18

1. School, hospital
2. A- grid iron
B- planned irregular
3. There is a smooth flow of traffic
4. Flat land/ gently sloping
5. Rifle range, landing strip, sewage works
6. Steep hilly land
7. Poort
8. Steep slope
9. Wind breaker- helps break the speed of the wind
10. Due to noise pollution and safety.

ACTIVITY 19

WELKOM

1.
1.1 1342,9m
1.2 Area = Lx B
L: 3,9 x 0,5 = 1,95km
B: 3,1 x 0,5 = 1,55km
A = 1,95 x 1,55 = 3,02km2

1.3 Gauss conformal

1.4 dam
1.5 TB = 580
1.6 1,2cm x 0,5 = 0,6km
1.7 22km
1.8 G =VI
HE
VI: 1342,9 – 1326 =16m
HE: 4cm x 500 = 2000m
G = 16

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2000
= 1: 125
1.9 orthophoto- has a combination of topo map and vertical area photos- image
displacements removed and cartographic elements added.
Vertical aerial photographs- is an image taken from an aeroplane where no
information is added or removed.
1.10 - place map on flat surface
- Rotate the map so that the magnetic north lies parallel to the magnetic
compass needle.
1.11 270E

2.
2.1 number of small farm dams, windmills, irrigation (furrow)
2. 2 yacht club, irrigation
2.3 nucleated – houses are close together
2. 4 gold mining- Western Holdings Goldmine
2.5 a – centrally located, accessible
b- number of green spaces around the CBD
c- dense development around the CBD, no vacant land
2.6 rural-urban fringe
2.7 hospital, school
2.8 grid iron
2.9 cheaper land on the outskirts, noise pollution
2.10 stadium, Flaming Park, Jan Cilliers Park, Jim Fouche Park
2.11 mixed farming- presence of cultivated land with windmills and tracks/footpaths

2.12
a. maize
b. flat land, fertile soils, irrigation
c. attribute data
d. data base
e. concerned with location, and would be able to compare different locations to
identify the most productive.

ACTIVITY 20
QUEENSTOWN

1.
1.1 It is the angle formed between true north and magnetic north measured in degrees.
1.2 Difference in years: 2012-2002 = 10 years
Annual change: 11’W x 10y = 110'
= 1050'
Declination for 2008: 24016’ + 1050'
= 26006' W of TN

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1.4 area = L x B
L: 8,2cm x 0,5 = 4,1km
B: 5,5cm x 0,5 = 2,75km
A = 4,1 x 2,75
= 11,275km2
1.5 west

1.6 number of full squares = 98

number of half and more squares = 23
total area = 121 x 0,25km2
= 30,25km2

1.7 1,4cm x 0,5 = 0,7km

1.8 G =VI
HE
VI: 1271 – 1211,1 = 59,9m
HE: 7cm x 500 = 3500m
G = 59,9
3500
= 1: 58,43
1.9 A- railway station
B- industry
C- stadium/recreational ground
D- Bouwkers Kop
1.10 20m

2.
2.1 meander, floodplain
2.2 dendritic
2.3 a- nucleated
b- windbreaker
c- the land is steep and hilly in other directions
2.4 E- radial
F- grid iron
2.5 pass
2.6 Lawrence Delange Nature Reserve
Golf course, Berry Park
2.7 Generally steep and hilly
a- farming is limited due to soil erosion and infertile soil
b- construction will be more expensive
2.8 golf, sewage works
2.9 a. high oblique
b. good clarity, details are clear
c. small houses with identical architectural design
d. relief of land, accessibility to public transport
2.10 a. July
b. data manipulation
c. farmers will plant according to the rainfall pattern

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d. “ which part of the year is ideal to plant crops that need a high water content”
e. attribute data

2.11 Image shows that bridge is damaged and therefore an alternative route has to
be used to reach the settlement.
Medical, and food supplies to be provided if this is the only entrance.
Shows extent of damage, and this will assist speeding up the reconstruction
process.

ACTIVITY 21
Ixopo

1. Grid iron
2. 2,4cm x 0,5 = 1,2km
3. Landing strip, golf course
4. Police station, post office, school
5. Close to main road
6. Road cut through the mountain
7. Commercial – large size of farm, presence of farm dam
8. Agriculture/farming

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