Research Design

It is defined as the logical

and coherent overall
strategy that the researcher
uses to integrate all the
components of the research
study (Barrot, 2017, p 102).
 Two Types of
Research Designs
• Experimental

• Non-Experimental
 Experimental
Research Designs
• True Experimental

• Quasi Experimental
 Non-Experimental
Research Designs
• Descriptive

• Correlational
Research Design
The purpose or goal of
your research plays a
vital role in choosing
appropriate research
design.
Effects of Online
Modality on
Students’
Academic
Performance
Experimental Design
• Manipulate the IV (online modality)

• Randomly assign participants to

groups
 Experimental group (in online
class)
 Control group (face-to-face
classes)

• Measure the DV (academic

performance)
Descriptive Design
1. Ask the students if
they are in online
class

2. Get the record of their

grades
Descriptive Research
A research method that
describes the
characteristics of the
population or the
phenomenon studied.
Descriptive Research
Primarily focuses on
describing the nature
of a demographic
segments; focuses on
the “WHAT” of the
research subjects
What is the level of
satisfaction of the
customers?

What is the behavior of the

students in the online class?

What is the perception of

the buyers on a certain
brand?
 Descriptive Research
cannot describe what
caused a situation, it
can’t be used for causal
relationship, where one
affects another. It can’t
describe why something
happened.
 Challenges of
Grade 11 Students
in Online and
Printed Modular
Distance Learning
Modalities
 Managerial
Difficulties of
Fast Food
Supervisors in
Bulacan
 Level of Awareness
and Preparedness of
Bulakenos in the
Implementation of
Disaster Risk
Reduction
Management Program
 In order to achieve the aims of the
study, the researcher used the descriptive-
quantitative method as the design of the
study. According to Apuke (2017),
quantitative research involves the
utilization and analysis of numerical data
with the use of specific statistical
techniques. Furthermore, McCombes
(2022) pointed out that descriptive
research aims to describe a population,
situation, or phenomenon accurately and
systematically.
 Since the study aimed to analyze and
describe the use of gamification,
specifically the game elements, in
enhancing motivation and improving the
reading, writing, speaking, and listening
vocabulary skills, in which not much is
known about the problem, the researcher
believed that this is the most appropriate
design to be used in the study. Also,
because the respondents’ perceptions were
explored, the researcher considered the
enriched data that were gathered and
provided after this method was applied.
 In addition, with this type of
approach, generalization is possible
because of the use of scientific
methods for data collection and
analysis (Daniel, E., 2016). To
propose logical conclusions and
recommendations of the study, the
researcher analyzed the data
gathered through survey and
interview from both the teachers and
students.
Correlational Research
A non-experimental
research method which
studies the
relationship between
two variables
Correlational Research
• Establishing a
relationship between
two variables
• Looking for variables
that seem to interact
with each other
 Two Aspects
of Correlation:
DIRECTION

MAGNITUDE
 Positive
Correlation

money happiness
 Negative
Correlation

Skipped classes Exam scores

Zero Correlation
A change in one variable
does not lead to any
changes in other variable
• An increase in height does
not lead to any changes in
the intelligence of a person
 MAGNITUDE
how strongly related the
variables are

• Strong correlation
• Weak correlation
• Zero/no correlation
The Relationship
Between
Cheating on
Homework and
Educational
Success
 Experimental Research
• Deals with CAUSE and
EFFECT relationship

• Uses two sets of variables.

The first set acts as a
constant which you use to
measure the differences of
the second set
Experimental Research

• True Experimental
• Quasi Experimental
 True Experimental
Peer Tutoring: Its Effects on
Reading Fluency of Senior
High School Students
Experimental A B Control
Pretest on Reading Pretest on Reading
Fluency Fluency
Intervention: PEER NO Intervention
TUTORING
Posttest on Reading Posttest on Reading
Fluency Fluency
 Quasi Experimental
Either no control group or the
subject are not randomly
assigned to groups (purposively
selected) Control
Experimental A B
Pretest on Reading Pretest on Reading
Fluency Fluency
Intervention: PEER NO Intervention
TUTORING
Posttest on Reading Posttest on Reading
Fluency Fluency
 Pre- Experimental
The researcher has little
control over research which
makes this design to be weak

Provides a comparative
description of a group of
subjects before and after the
experimental treatment
Castor Oil as a
Wart Remover
 Podcasting
and Students’
Listening Skills
PODCAST- A DIGITAL AUDIO FILE MADE
AVAILABLE ON THE INTERNET FOR
DOWNLOADING TO A COMPUTER OR
MOBILE DEVICE, TYPICALLY AVAILABLE AS
A SERIES
Effects of
Exercise on the
Anxiety Levels
of Bipolar
Patients