‫‪Thermal Technology‬‬

‫م‪ .‬السيد أحمد | ‪ | 20150495‬عبدالرحمن مجدى عطية‬

Problem 1:

H1 = Hg @ P1= 2 MPa= 2000 KPa.

H1 = 2798.3 KJ/kg S1 = 6.339 KJ/kg.

Since 1-2 isentropic expansion (S1= S2)

P2 = 10 KPa Sf = 0.6492 KJ/kg Sg = 8.1488 KJ/kg.

S2 −Sf 6.339−0.6492
X2 = X2 = = 0.7586 = 75.86%
Sg −Sf 8.1488−0.6492

HF = 191.81 KJ/kg.

HG = 2583.9 KJ/kg.

H2 = HF + X2 ( HG –HF ) = 191.81 + 0.7586 ሺ2583.9 – 191.81 ሻ = 2006.64 KJ/kg.

H3 = HF @ ( P2 =P1 ) = 191.81 KJ/kg.

V3= VF = 0.00101 m3/kg.

Wp = V3 ሺP4 − P3 ሻ = 0.00101 (2000-10) = 2.01 KJ/kg.

H4 = H3+Wp= 191.81 + 2.01 = 193.82 KJ/kg.

WNet ሺH1 −H2 ሻ−ሺH4 −H3 ሻ

ηth = = = 30.31%.
QADD ሺH1 −H4 ሻ

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Problem 2:

𝐻1 = 𝐻𝑔 @ P1 = 50MPa = 5000 KPa.

H1= 2794.2 KJ/kg. ; S1= 5.9739 KJ/kg.

Since 1-2 isentropic expansion (S1= S2)

@ P2= 0.2 bar = 20 KPa ; Sf = 0.8320 KJ/kg ; Sg= 7.9073 KJ/kg.

𝑆2 −𝑆𝑓 5.9739−0.832
𝑋2 = 𝑋2 = = 0.7267 = 72.67%
𝑆𝑔 −𝑆𝑓 7.9073−0.832

𝐻𝐹 = 251.42 KJ/kg ; 𝐻𝐺 = 2608.9 𝐾𝑗/𝑘𝑔.

𝐻2 = 𝐻𝐹 + 𝑋2 ( 𝐻𝐺 –𝐻𝐹 ) = 251.42 + 0.7267 (2608.9 –251.42) = 1964.6 KJ/kg.

𝐻3 = 𝐻𝐹 @ 20Kpa= 251.42 KJ/kg.

𝑉3= 0.001017 m3/Kg.

Wp = v (dp) = 0.001017 (5000 –20) = 5.064 KJ/kg.

H4= H3+Wp

H4= 251.42 + 5.064 = 256.48 KJ/kg

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Latent heat is the heat required for an object to change phase (melt,
boil, freeze, etc.). This energy is closely related to enthalpy. In figure,
very cold ice has heat added to it. The temperature goes up, so that's
sensible heat, but once it starts melting, that heat is latent heat (and
is represented by the flat parts of the line, during melting or
evaporation).

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Sensible heat is literally the heat that can be felt. It is the energy
moving from one system to another that changes the temperature
rather than changing its phase. For example, it warms water rather
than melting ice. In other words, it is the heat that can be felt standing
near a fire or standing outside on a sunny day. Sensible heat is used
in contrast to latent heat (the heat needed to change from one form of
matter to another, which doesn't change temperature), as the two are
essentially opposite.

For example, in a cooling system condensation forms due to removal

of latent heat, and the refrigerant (cooling liquid) changes
temperature due to sensible heat. The sensible heat capacity then
describes the capacity required to lower the temperature whereas
latent heat capacity is the capacity to remove the moisture from the
air.

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