Motor de combustión internaEnglish

Internal combustion engines (ICM) are the most common form of heat engines,
as they are used in vehicles, ships, ships, airplanes and trains. They are so
called because the fuel is ignited to do work inside the engine. The same
mixture of fuel and air is emitted as exhaust. This can be done using a piston
(called a reciprocating engine), or with a turbine.

La ley de los gases ideales

Internal combustion heat engines can be understood by reflecting on the ideal
gas law: Increasing the temperature of a gas increases the pressure that makes
the gas want to expand. An internal combustion engine has a chamber to which
fuel is added that is ignited to increase the temperature of the gas.

When heat is added to the system, the gas inside is forced to expand. In a
piston engine, this causes the piston to rise (see Fig. 2). By coupling the piston
to a crankshaft (or crankshaft), the engine is capable of converting a portion of
the energy provided to the system into useful work.

To compress the piston in an intermittent combustion engine, the engine expels

gas. A heat sink is then used to keep the system running at a constant
temperature. A gas turbine, which uses continuous combustion, simply
exhausts its gases continuously rather than in a cycle. Heat engines with gas
turbines work according to a similar principle: hot air is introduced into the
turbine chamber, making it rotate (fig. 1).

Pistones vs turbinas

Fig. 1. Diagram of a gas turbine engine.

An engine that uses a piston is called an intermittent combustion engine, while one
that uses a turbine is called a continuous combustion engine. The difference in
mechanics is obvious from the names, but the difference in usage is less obvious.

A piston engine is extremely sensitive, compared to a turbine, as well as more fuel

efficient at low powers. This makes them ideal for use in vehicles as they also get
going faster. On the contrary, a turbine has a higher power-to-weight ratio than a
piston engine, and its design is more reliable for high and continuous
performances. A turbine also performs better than a naturally aspirated piston
engine at high altitudes and at low temperatures. Their lightweight construction,
reliability and altitude capability make turbines the preferred engine for aircraft.
Turbines are also commonly used in power plants for electricity generation.

Ejemplos de MCI
Motor de cuatro tiempos

Fig. 2. 4-stroke internal combustion engine. 1: Fuel injection, 2: Ignition, 3:

Expansion (work is done), 4: Exhaust.

Although there are many types of internal combustion engines, the

four-stroke piston engine (Fig. 2) is one of the most common. It is
used in various automobiles (which specifically use gasoline as fuel)
such as cars, trucks and some motorcycles. A four-stroke engine
provides one power stroke for every two piston cycles. To the right is
 an animation of a four-stroke engine and a more detailed explanation
of the process.

1. El combustible se inyecta en la cámara.

2. The fuel catches fire (this happens differently in a diesel engine
than in a gasoline engine).

3. This fire pushes the piston, which is the useful movement.

4. Residual chemicals, by volume (or mass), are primarily water

vapor and carbon dioxide. There may also be pollutants such as
carbon monoxide from incomplete combustion.

Motor de dos tiempos

Fig. 3. 2-stroke internal combustion engine.

As its name suggests, the system only requires two piston movements
to generate power. The main differentiating factor that allows the two-
stroke engine to operate with only two piston movements is that the
exhaust and intake of gases occur simultaneously, as seen in fig. 3. The
piston itself is used as a system valve, along with the crankshaft, to
direct the flow of gases. Additionally, due to its frequent contact with
moving components, fuel mixes with oil to add lubrication, allowing for
smoother racing. In general, the two-stroke engine contains two
processes:

1. The air-fuel mixture is added and the piston moves upward

(compression). The intake port opens due to the position of the piston
 and the air-fuel mixture enters the holding chamber. A spark plug ignites
the compressed fuel and the power stroke begins.

2. The heated gas exerts high pressure on the piston, the piston moves
downward (expansion), and the residual heat is expelled.

Motor rotativo (Wankel)

Fig. 4. The rotary engine cycle. It takes in air/fuel, compresses it, ignites
providing useful work, and then exhausts the gas.

In this type of motor, there is a rotor (inner circle labeled "B" in Fig. 4) that is
contained in an oval-shaped casing. It performs the common steps of the four-
stroke cycle (intake, compression, ignition, exhaust), but these steps occur 3
times for each rotation of the rotor, creating three power strokes per rotation.