SI Leader: Nosihe Sibiya (219052580)

Worksheet 3 and 4

Mrs Makhubo
Diversity

1. Define the following terms.

a. Biodiversity
b. Species
c. Endemic
d. Biodiversity hotspots
e. Species evenness
2. How many species do you see in pictures A and B?

B
 SI Leader: Nosihe Sibiya (219052580)
Worksheet 3 and 4

3. Where can the most biodiversity be found?

4. What theories compete for the species diversity concept?
5. What is the lateral gradient?

Classification

1. Which is the most diverse taxonomic group?

2. Differentiate between the two natural groups into which life is divided.
3. How is an organism classified; what properties are looked at?
4. What is taxonomy? List all the taxonomic levels used in the Linnaean system.
5. What is a phylogeny?

Evolutionary theory

1. Define the following

a. Natural selection
b. Artificial selection
c. Clade
d. Cladistics
e. Mutations
2. Differentiate between homology and analogy
3. State four of Charles Darwin’s main observations on the Galapagos islands
4. What role does genetic material play in classification and phylogeny?
5. Which mode of reproduction is most likely to result in the process of evolution?

Evolution evidence

1. Name and briefly describe five factors of evidence that support the evolutionary theory.
2. How are fossils formed?
3. How are fossils dated?
4. What is the significance of the Burgess Shale?
5. Date the following fossil

Extinction

1. Define the following terms

a. Extinction
b. Radiation
c. Mass extinction
2. What are the different categories of extinction?
3. Name the four different categories of endangered species
4. Name the different mass extinctions and when they occurred
5. Define the following
a. Speciation
b. Microevolution
c. Macroevolution

Mr Moodley
Early life/Simple cellular organism

1. When did life first originate?

 SI Leader: Nosihe Sibiya (219052580)
Worksheet 3 and 4

2. What was the key selected pressure in the evolution of eukaryotic cells
3. From what did all protists evolve?
4. Which new cell type appeared 1200 mya?
5. Did any humans exist on earth 4600 mya? If not, give reasons.

Multicellularity

1. During which time period did animals originate?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of multicellularity?
3. Label A – G in the following diagram

4. What cell types are found in a sponges?

5. True or false
a. Sponges have true tissues?
b. Sponges are filter feeders?
c. Sponges only have one cell type?

Radial symmetry and two layers of cells

1. Differentiate Cnidaria from Porifera

2. How does the symmetry of Cnidaria reflect their lifestyle?
3. Name the opening through which wastes exit the central cavity of a sponge.
4. List the five characteristics of animals
6. What is meant by diploblastic?

Cnidaria – two body forms

1. Define the following terms

d. hydrotheca
e. Gonotheca
 SI Leader: Nosihe Sibiya (219052580)
Worksheet 3 and 4

2. What term is used to refer to the branching colonies of Cnidaria?

3. Describe the life cycle of the Obelia.
4. Discuss the concept of the alternation of generations.
5. Label A –D in the following diagram