NAME:…………………………………………………….CLASS:……….ADM NO:…….

BIOLOGY
FORM 1
APRIL HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT - 2024

INSTRUCTIONS.
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1. The diagram below is a transverse section of a certain part of a dicotyledonous plant.

a) Which part of a plant the section was made from? (1mk)

b) Give a reason for your answer. (1mk)
c) State the functions of the part labelled A and C. (2mks)
2. State two structural and two environmental factors that affect the rate of transpiration.
i. Structural (2mks)
ii. Environmental(2mks)
3. i. Define the term transport. (1mk).
ii. Outline two significance of transport in living organism. (2mks)
4. What two tissues that make up the vascular bundle? (2mks)
5. The apparatus shown below was used by a group of students in a class experiment.
6. Distinguish between single and double circulation system. (2mks)
7. Identify two factors that are involved in transportation of water and mineral salts.
(2mks)
8. Identify the function of the following parts of the heart. (3mks)
i. Pericardium membrane
ii. Vena cava
iii. Coronary artery
9. State two functions of the heart other than transport. (2mks)
10. Define guttation. (1mk)
11. State two cellular components of blood. (2mks)
12. Outline two structural difference between arteries and veins. (2mks)
13. Suggest a biological tool that is most suitable for collecting each of the following
organisms.
(3mks)
a) Scorpions.
b) Safari ants on a tree
c) Butterfly in a coffee farm
d) State two precautions taken during collection of specimens (2mks)
14. Identify the discipline of biology that deals with the following.
i) The relationship between organisms and their environment. (1mk)
ii) Study of development of living organisms. (1mk)
iii) Study of body functions of living organisms. (1mk)
iv) Study of chemical changes in an organism. (1mk)
v) Study of microscopic organisms. (1mk)
15. Below is a simplified diagram of a bacteria. Study it and answer the questions.

a) Name the kingdom into which it belongs. (1mk)

b) Name part labelled M and state its function. (2mks)
16. (a) How would you proof that a species of zebras in Tanzania belongs to the same
species as a similar looking zebra in Kenya. (1mk)
(b) State two principles of Binomial Nomenclature. (2mks)
c) What is meant by the term taxonomy? (1mk)
17. State three properties of the cell membrane. (3mks)
18. The following diagram shows onions cells captured in a field of view of a light
microscope
a) Measure the length of the white line to determine the diameter of the field of view in
millimetres (1mk)
b) How many cells are found along the diameter represented by the white line?
(1mk)
c) Determine the actual diameter of one cell if a magnification of X1000 was used to
observe the cells above (3mks)
d) State a weakness of the process above of estimating cell size (1mk)
19. A plant stem was put in a solution. After 30 minutes a cell from the stem looked like
the one drawn below;

i. State the type of solution the stem was put in. (1mk)
ii. What term is used to describe the cell (1mk)
iii. Explain what happened. (3mks)
20. a) What is diffusion. (1mk)
b) How do the following factors affect the rate of diffusion?
i) Diffusion gradient. (1mk)
ii) Surface area volume ratio. (1mk)
iii) Temperature. (1mk)
21. Outline three roles of active transport in the human body. (3mks)
22. State two adaptation of leaves that maximize efficiency in trapping sunlight for
photosynthesis. (2mks)
23. Below is a diagram of a cell organelle. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
i. Identify the organelle. (1mk)
ii. Name the part labelled A and C. (2mks)
iii. State the letter that represent the part where light stage of photosynthesis occur. (1mk)
iv. State two adaptations of the organelle to its function. (2mks)
v. What happens to the end products of light stage? (2mks)
24. Name the carbohydrate that is
a) Stored in animal cells (1mk)
b) Makes up plant cell walls (1mk)
25. Study the bio-chemical reactions given below.

a) Identify the process marked I and II (2mks)

b) Explain how the process marked II can be carried out in a laboratory. (1mk)
c) If glycerol is the same in all lipids, why is corn oil different from coconut oil.
(1mk)
26. State two functions of proteins. (2mks)
27. (a) State two functions of bile juice in digestion of food. (2mks)
(b) Why is pepsin secreted in its inactive form? (1mk)
(c) Name one other enzyme that is also secreted in an in active form. (1mk)
28. State two roles of hydrochloric acid produced by wall of human stomach. (2mks)
29. State two functions of the large intestine in humans. (2mks)
30. The diagram below is a transverse section of a certain part of a dicotyledonous plant.
a) Name the part labelled A, C and E. (3mks)

b) State the functions of the parts labelled B and D. (2mks)

c) State three ways in which part A adapted to its function. (3mks)
31. Describe the digestion of a starchy meal along the human alimentary canal. (20
marks)
32. a) State and explain five factors that determine energy requirements in human beings.
(10mks)
b) State and explain five environmental factors that increase the rate of transpiration.
(10mks)
33. Describe how the leaves of plants are adapted to carry out photosynthesis (20 marks)
34. Describe how water molecules are absorbed and move to the leaves in a tree. (10
marks)
35. Describe the structural adaptation of the mammalian heart to its function (20 marks)
36. Explain the role of the following physiological processes in living organisms.(20 marks)
a) Osmosis
b) Diffusion
c) Active transport
37. Describe the structure and function of various organelles in a mature animal cell.(10
marks)
38. Describe the dentition of the following mammals and third adaptations to the mode of
feeding. (20 marks)
a) Carnivorous
 b) Herbivorous
c) Omnivorous
39. Describe the adaptations of ileum to its functions. (20 marks).
40. a) Describe how the heartbeat is controlled and maintained (10 marks)
b) Describe the structure and function of leucocytes (10 marks)