ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

MODULE 10
Target
Objectives of reports are specific results that a person or system aims to achieve within a time frame and
with available resources, it is more specific and easier to measure than goals.
Objectives are basic tools that underlie all planning and strategic activities.
They serve as the basis for creating policy and evaluating performances, it is measurable, actionable, realistic,
and time-bound condition that must be attained in order to accomplish a particular goal. Objectives define the
actions.
Structure is a key feature of reports that they are formally divided in sections. The use of sections makes
it easy for the reader to jump straight to the information they need, each section of a report has its own purpose
and will need to be written in an appropriate style to suit.
In your previous lesson, you are done with Reports which refers to a spoken or written account of
something that one has observed, heard, done, or investigated and that it may be delivered orally and are almost
always in the form of written documents.
This module will provide you with information and activities that will help you understand objectives and
structure in a report.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. describe the objectives and structure of a report;
2. determine the characteristics of an objective and structure of a report; and
3. write an objective properly structured in a report.
Jumpstart
Activity 1: Read Me! Understand Me!
Directions: Read the description and characteristics of an objective and structure of a report. Understand what
you are reading.
Objectives on the other hand, should be of specific statements that define measurable outcomes.
Each objective that you create will guide you through the structure of the report. This way you will have
a clear idea about how the rest of the report fits together. It describes what you will be able to do after having
attended the activity, something that is observable. Use strong positive statements. as much as possible, begin
with a verb that describes an observable behavior under different domains. (Action words)
As shown below using the Blooms Taxonomy under the different domains.

Cognitive Affective Psychomotor

Remembering Receiving Imitation
Understanding Responding Manipulation
Applying Valuing Precision
Analyzing Organizing Articulation
Evaluating Characterizing Naturalization
Creating

A good structure will help you decide where to put each fact or idea as there are sections allotted for
each, like that of an essay wherein there are sections like the introduction, body, and conclusion. The structure
of the report should mirror the course of the report.
Directions: Put an "X" before each number of each objective stated in a measurable and observable terms.
_________1. To develop critical thinking skills.
_________2. To identify celestial bodies that are known as planets.
_________3. To provide worthwhile experiences for the students.
_________4. To recognize subject and verb in a sentence.
_________5. To tie shoes in a bow, without making a knot.
Directions: Choose your answer from the given choices.
QI. Section of the report that briefly but explicitly describes the purpose of the report.
A. Contents B. Introduction C. Summary D. Results
Q2. Part of the report considered as the main body of the report where you discuss. the material, the facts and
evidence you have gathered.
A. Discussion B. Introduction C. Methods D. Results

Q3. In the conclusion you should show the overall significance of what has been covered.
A. Conclusion B. Introduction C. Methods D. Table of Contents
Q4. Page should list the different chapters and/or headings together with the page numbers.
A. Introduction B. Reference C. Summary D. Table of Contents
Q5. Section of the report wherein you will find the list of materials that you used for your report such as books,
magazines, letters.
A. Introduction B. Reference C. Summary D. Table of Contents
Discover
To be able to write an acceptable objective you have to take into consideration the following guidelines:
Criteria in Writing Objectives
1. Behavior — Specific behavior as indicated by action verbs (summarize, enumerate, compare, defend,
justify).
2. Audience — Description of the students who are expected to demonstrate the behavior.
3. Criterion — Description of the criteria used to indicate whether the behavior has been demonstrated (e. g.
answering 8 out of 10 questions correctly; judgment of writing based on grammar, spelling, sentence
construction, and organization).
4. Condition — Circumstances, equipment, or material used when demonstrating the behavior (e. g., with or
without class notes, open book, using graph paper, given a calculator).

Writing Measurable Learning Objectives

1. Identify the subject or noun or thing. It could be person a person or thing that is being discussed, described,
or dealt with.
2. Identify the time constraint when the action would be performed.
3. Select a verb that is observable to describe the behavior at the appropriate level of learning.
4. Add additional criteria to indicate how or when the outcome will be observable to add context for the
student.
The structure of a report is similar to that of an essay just that the key difference between an essay and a
report is that an essay has its sections like the introduction, body and conclusion. The essay does not have a
heading unlike the report. It must be noted that the objective is part of the structure of a report.
OUTLINE FOR THE REPORT

Title page
a. Title
b. Author's name
c. Course
d. Date of experiment

Introduction
a. Purpose/ overview
b. Why important to field
c. Objective(s) for this particular experiment

Description of Findings /Results

a. Description of results
b. Totality of the report
c. Relevant comparisons with theory

Discussion
a. Brief review of results, if necessary
b. Discussion (trends in results, comparison with theory, answers to discussed questions in Report
Requirements section)
c. Conclusions supported by data

Conclusions and recommendations

References
As seen on the outline of the structure of a report are the following:

Title it contains the authors name, the course and the date of the report.

Introduction briefly describes the context and background of the report, the changes that had occurred,
problems or issues to be reported on. It is where you define the specific objectives and purpose of the report.

Methodology the portion of the report where you will state how you did your research/enquiry and the methods
you used such as, surveys, interviews, questionnaires, and observation.

Findings/results this are the principal outcomes of a research project; what the project suggested, revealed, or
indicated. This usually refers to the totality of outcomes.

Discussion considered as the main body of the report, and it has two key purposes:
a. to explain the conclusions.
b. to justify the recommendations.

Conclusions and recommendations are be arranged so that the major conclusions come first, it identifies the
major issues relating to the report and gives your interpretation of them, relates specifically to the objectives of
the report as set out in the introduction it does follow logically from the facts in the discussion and most of all it
should be clean-cut, specific, and brief.

Recommendations should point to the future and should be action oriented. logically related to the discussion
and conclusion, arranged in order of importance and it must be brief.

Reference’s page is the last page of an essay or research paper. It lists all the sources you've used in your
project so you can easily find what you've cited.

Explore
Enrichment Activity 1: Identify the different criteria in the objectives:
The different criterion in writing an objective report are behavior, audience, criterion, and time constraint.
The structure of a report comes in sections like the introduction, methodology, findings/results, the
discussions, conclusions and recommendations and the last section of which is the references. Can you identify
each?
What you need:
Sheet of paper
Bullpen
What you have to do
Identify/label the parts of each objective given based on the writing of a measurable objective such as subject,
time, and verb.

Assessment 1
Directions: Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. Draw a circle on the subject, a square on the verb
and a triangle with the time constraint.
1. After a lesson on bullying, students will be able to explain the different between a bully and a friend by writing
a short paragraph that includes a thesis statement and call to action.
2. Students will be able to categorize types of animals into the correct classes with a graphic organizer after
reading an article on animal traits.
3. By working in collaborative literature groups, students will be able to form predictions about the next chapter
of Anne of Green Gables using at least three pieces of textual evidence.
4. Students will be able to accurately describe their observations in a science journal after completing a week-
long terrarium unit.
5. By the end of the reading lesson, students will be able to identify the rising action, climax, and falling action
on a plot diagram.
Direction: Choose your answer from the given choices.
____1. In what section of the structure of a report states that theories are Linked to practical issues?
A. Conclusions and recommendations C. Findings/results
B. Discussion D. References
____2. In what part of the report identifies the major issues relating to the case and giving your interpretation .
A. Conclusions and recommendations C. Findings/results.
B. Discussion. D. References.
____3. In what section of the report relates specifically to the objectives as set out in the introduction?
 A. Conclusions and recommendations C. Findings/results.
B. Discussion. D. References
____4. What do we call the part of the report where it will aid you decide where to put each fact or ideas?
A. Background B. Essay C. Objective D. Section
____5. When you make a report there is always this last page wherein the listing of the books you used are
contained. What do you call it?
A. Conclusions and recommendations C. Methodology
B. Introduction D. References
Enrichment Activity 2: Spot the Difference:
Study Figure 2 on page 6 and notice the different parts of an objective and structure of a report and compare
them with assessment 2 if objectives observed the criteria in writing an objective and that of the structure of a
report and answer Assessment 2.

Assessment 2
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters below to form the correct word. Use these words to write an objective
on a given scenario. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. HOERBUVIA ___________________ 6. ICTINONDOTUR ____________________

2. IENUDECA _____________________ 7. ESFEERNEECR ______________________
3. ONTICNOID ____________________ 8. SRUTLE ___________________________
4. RITCNORIE ____________________ 9. OIDSNSUCS ________________________
5. CJESBTU ______________________ 10.LOGYTOMEHDO ____________________

Enrichment Activity 3
What you need:
Paper, Pen

What you have to do:

Write an objective on the different situations given.

A. Covid 19
B. Bullying
C. August 24, 2020
D. Drugs
E. Environment
Assessment 3
Directions: Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. Write a scenario/situation that you are facing in
this Pandemic phenomenon and write an objective for each.
Situation Objective
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

Directions: Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

Rearrange the following structure of a report by numbering the first part as 1, the second part as 2 and so on.
_________1. Conclusions and recommendations
_________2. Methodology
_________3. References
_________4. Findings/results
_________5. Discussion
Deepen
At this point, you are going to write 3 objectives based from the implementation of the Modular Learning Modality
for School Year 2020-2022 using the criteria in writing objectives. Be able to identify the parts of each of the
objective written. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1.
2.
3.
Write a brief report on the topic Covid 19 illustrating the different sections of the topic.
Rubrics for the Report
Content/Details Informative and Informative and Content is Content is not
accurate interesting mostly accurate and sometimes not relevant or
to read has adequate details related to topic. Few accurate. No
supporting details. details.
Many inaccuracies.
Organization Report is organized. Shows adequate Poorly organized No organization /
Content is Organization and confusing at structure
structured well. structure is times.
adequate.
Writing Mechanics Few errors in Has a few to several Has many errors in Report is
And readability spelling and errors in grammar grammar and Unreadable.
grammar. Easy to and punctuations and
read. punctuations. difficult to read.
Report is readable.
Reference Reference is Reference has Many errors in form. No reference
complete. incomplete parts.

Gauge
Directions: Carefully read each item. Use a separate sheet for your answers. Write only the letter of the best
answer for each test item.
1. What do you call the circumstances, tools or material that is used in Demonstrating a behavior?
A. Audience B. Behavior C. Condition D. Criterion
2. What do you call the description used to identify if a certain behavior has been demonstrated?
A. Audience B. Behavior C. Condition D. Criterion
3. What section of a report show how you did your research?
A. Conclusion B. Finding C. Methodology D. Result
4. In what area of the report will you find the surveys, interviews, questionnaires, and observations?
A. Conclusion B. Finding C. Methodology D. Result
5. Pandemic is rampaging across the world. This type of report Links the theory to practical issues. In what
area of the report is this contained?
A. Conclusion B. Discussion C. Finding D. Result
6. What action verbs are used to give emphasis to an objective in a report?
A. Calculate B. Describe C. Draw D. All of the above
7. When we write an objective for our report does it serve as a guide through the structure of the report?
A. False B. True sometimes C. Sometimes False D. True
8. Is the structure of an essay the same as that of a report?
A. False B. True sometimes C. Sometimes False D. True
9. At the end of lesson, the student should be able to describe what an objective is. Is this a valid objective?
A. False B. True C. Sometimes True D. Sometimes False
10. What section of a report will back up your claims in your explanations with regards to your evidence and
your findings?
A. Discussion B. Introduction C. References D. Results
11. Is it necessary to divide the material with appropriate headings to improve the readers' understanding of the
content of the report?
A. Always B. Never C. Not Always D. Sometimes
12. How will you identify the major issues and give your interpretation of them?
A. Conclude B. Experiment C. Invent D. Report
13. In one of the sections of a report you have to recommend action-oriented topics to point for the future.
A. Always B. Never C. Not Always D. Sometimes
14. What is NOT found in the statement “To truly appreciate the value of music.”?
A. Measurable B. Observable C. Verb D. None of the above
15. What section lists the different chapters and/or headings together with the page numbers?
A. Introduction B. Reference C. Summary D. Table of Contents
STRUCTURE OF A REPORT
There are three (3) ways in which a report can be organized:
1. Letter from
Its main parts are:
A. Heading
B. Date
C. Address
D. Salutation
E. Body
F. Complimentary close
G. Signature
Body
The body of the letter can be divided into the following parts:
• Introduction: Here the writer states the problem.
• Findings: Here the findings of the investigation are presented.
• Recommendation: After the findings, recommendations are given in the last paragraph of the body.
Sample Report in Letter Format

Sample of letter of Explanation

SAMPLE LETTER OF EXPLANATION

Insert Current Date:

John D. Doe

XYZ Company

1360 Anywhere Street

Somewhere, ID 12345

Dear Mr. Doe:

Please accept the following explanation regarding the lack of information on the employment application about felony conviction(s) of ____________ that
occurred on __________. I don’t want to mislead or lie by not providing more detailed information on the application. However, due to the confidentiality
of this information and the embarrassment I feel over my past mistakes, I really would like the opportunity to explain this to you in person.

While you most likely have reservation about hiring an ex-felon, and rightfully so, I would probably feel the same way if the position were reversed. I can
only hope to explain the specifics of my conviction(s) and how I regret and have taken responsibility for my past actions and now that I can turn my life
around, why I will be an outstanding employee.

To provide more assurance of my commitment to being employed, the U.S. Department of Labor is willing to post a $5,000 fidelity bond on my behalf at
no cost to you. Additionally, the Internal Revenue Service offers a one-time tax credit of $2,400 to employers who hire eligible ex-felons. For more
information on these programs, you can contact the local Department of Labor Office.

Whatever your decision, I think you for your time and consideration.

Respectfully,

JIM J. Searcher
2. Memorandum form
• Following the memorandum, form is a simple way of presenting the report. Here the formalities are
not maintained. The date is mentioned at the top, it is followed by the name of the receiver, the name
of the writer, and the subject of the report. Next follows the actual text and the conclusion.
•

3. Letter text combination form

• Long and formal reports are written in the letter text combination form. This form includes three (3)
major parts:
1. Introductory parts
1.1. Title Page: It contains the title of the report, the names of the reader and report writer and the
date of submission.
1.2. Authorization Letter: If you receive a letter authorizing you to do research and write a report,
you should provide a copy of this letter after the title page. Such a letter includes objectives,
the area of research, time & cost, submission date, and any other instructions.
1.3. Letter of Transmittal: Such a letter transmits the report to the render. Such a letter shows the
date of submission of a report, the name and position of the writer, an overview of the report,
an invitation for the reader’s comments, and suggestions.
1.4. Acknowledgment: This part appreciates the person or organizations from whom support and
help were taken to produce the report.’
1.5. Table of Contents: The table of contents acts as a map of the report for the reader. It helps to
identify particular topics.
1.6. List of Illustrations and Graphs: If the report contains many illustrations and graphs then such
a list provides respective page numbers and titles.
1.7. Executive Summary or Abstract: An abstract is a summary of a report. It tells the reader what
the report is about. It summarizes the important parts of the entire report. As a result, busy
executives can save time as no need to read every page of the report.
2. The body of the report
2.1. Introduction:
▪ Introduces the reader to the problem at hand
▪ Includes authorization for the report, the need and purpose of the report.
▪ Scope of the study with a clear description of the limitation, Statement of the problem,
Developing Hypothesis Methodology to solve the problem, Definition of special terms and
symbols.
2.2. Description: This part of the report contains all the information you have collected. The main
function of this part is to present data in an organized form. It may involve charts, graphs,
statistical tables with proper explanation.
2.3. Conclusion: The writer based on facts and data, draws something as a result, such a result
is the conclusion.
2.4. Recommendations: The recommendation is the writer’s opinion based on the conclusions of
the report. Recommendations must be realistic, i.e. they should be based on the facts and
events contained in the report.
 3. Appended parts
3.1. List of References:
• It contains the complete record of any secondary sources used in the report.
• Alphabetically or chronologically arranged.
3.2. Bibliography:
• A list of books and Journals which are consulted before or during the preparation of a
report.
3.3. Glossary:
• A list of some technical or special words with their explanation.
3.4. Appendix:
• Statistical data, charts, and diagrams that are not included in the main body of the report
are included here.
3.5. Index:
• An alphabetical list of subjects of the report.
• Helps the reader to locate any topic easily and quickly.

NARRATIVE REPORT FORMAT

Title Page
Introduction
Body
• Context
• Events
• Personal Reflections
Conclusion
SAMPLE OF NARRATIVE REPORT

Title: Science Fair Experience 2024Introduction: This report describes my experience participating in the
Regional Science Fair 2024, held at Lincoln High School.

Body:
• Context: The fair was held on March 15th, 2024. Participants from various schools presented projects on
environmental science.
• Events: My project was on ‘The Effects of Urbanization on Local Bird Populations’. I detailed my preparation,
the research process, and how I interacted with attendees and judges during the fair.
• Personal Reflections: I reflect on the challenges faced during project preparation, my learning experience,
and the satisfaction of presenting my research.

Conclusion: The science fair was a rewarding experience that enhanced my research skills and increased my
interest in environmental science.
APPLICATION
Individual Work: Application Letter/ Narrative Report Making
References

Website:

Bloom, B.S.,Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956).
Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals.
Handbook I: Cognitive domain. New York: David McKay Company.

Characteristics of a Good Objective

https://bizfluent.com/info-7757171-characteristics-business-objectives.html

Definition of Objective
Bussiness Dictionary
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/objective.html

Elements of a good Objective

http://www.ucdenver.edu/faculty_staff/faculty/center-for-faculty-development

Example of Measureable Objectives and Goals

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-measurable-goals-and-o
bjectives.html

How do you write an objective for a report

https://www.smartsheet.com/how-write-smart-project-objective

Parts of an Objective
http://hr.fullerton.edu/documents/

Report writing and Structure

December 12, 2017 – Powerful Guide to report writing and structure
https://assignmentessayhelp.com/powerful-guide-report-writing-structure/

Report Structure: report Writing

https://canvas.hull.ac.uk/courses/367/pages/report-structure

Structure of a Report
https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/reports/structure/