Ratnangi

Ratnangi (pronounced ratnāngi, meaning the one with a

Ratnangi
gem-like body) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of
South Indian classical music). It is the 2nd melakarta rāgam Arohanam S R₁ G₁ M₁ P D₁ N₂ Ṡ
(parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic Avarohanam Ṡ N₂ D₁ P M₁ G₁ R₁ S
music. It is called Phenadhyuti in Muthuswami Dikshitar
school of Carnatic music.[1][2]

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 2nd rāgam in the 1st chakra Indu. The
mnemonic name is Indu-Sri. The mnemonic phrase
is sa ri ga ma pa dha ni.[1] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa
structure (ascending and descending scale) is as
follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on
below notation and terms):

ārohaṇa: S R₁ G₁ M₁ P D₁ N₂ Ṡ[a]
Ratnangi scale with shadjam at C
avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₂ D₁ P M₁ G₁ R₁ S[b]
The scale uses the notes shuddha rishabham,
shuddha gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham and kaisiki nishadham. As it
is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and
descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Jalārnavam, which is the 38th
melakarta scale.

Asampurna Melakarta
Phenadhyuti is the 2nd Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes
used in the scale are the same, but the ascending scale is different.

ārohaṇa: S R₁ M₁ P D₁ P N₂ Ṡ[c]
avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₂ D₁ P M₁ G₁ R₁ S[d]

Janya rāgams
Ratnangi has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which Revati is very
popular. See List of janya rāgams for full list of scales associated with Ratnangi.

Compositions
Here are a few common compositions sung in concerts, set to Ratnangi.

Kalasavardhijam by Thyagaraja
Tarunam ide by Koteeswara Iyer
 Sree Gurum Chintayaamyaham by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna
Janani Ashrita by Harikeshanallur Muthaiah Bhagavatar
Varnam -Niratamu (https://ncmurthy.blogspot.com/2022/03/nallan-chakravarthy-murthy-varna
m.html) - from Janaka Raga Varna Manjari (https://ncmurthy.blogspot.com/2022/03/janaka-rag
a-varna-manjari-by-sri-nallan.html) by Nallan Chakravarthy Murthy (https://ncmurthy.blogspot.c
om/p/home.html)
The following composition is set to Phenadhyuti.

Sri Dakshinamurthim by Muthuswami Dikshitar

Related rāgams
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Ratnangi's notes, when shifted using Graha bhedam, yield two other melakarta rāgams, namely
Gamanashrama and Jhankaradhwani. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative
note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further
details and an illustration, refer to Graha bhedam on Ratnangi.

Notes
a. Alternate notations:
Hindustani: S Ṟ R M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ
Western: C D♭ E F G A♭ B♭ C
b. Alternate notations:
Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ P M R Ṟ S
Western: C B♭ A♭ G F E D♭ C
c. Alternate notations:
Hindustani: S Ṟ M P Ḏ P Ṉ Ṡ
Western: C D♭ F G A♭ G B♭ C
d. Alternate notations:
Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ P M R Ṟ S
Western: C B♭ A♭ G F E D♭ C

References
1. Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
2. Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras

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