SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY AND
LESSON 2 NATION BUILDING

Prepared by:
Jennifer Malig-Sunga, LPT, MATS
 BRIEF HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
GOVERNMENT POLICIES

MAJOR DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS AND PERSONALITIES
BRIEF HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

• started way back

before the country
gained its independence
from the American
colonizers.

• Pre-Spanish time,
early inhabitants had
their own culture &
traditions
In pre- Spanish Philippines, SCIENCE
is embedded in the way of life of the
people. Scientific knowledge is
observed by:

• the way they plant their crops

• taking care of their

animals

• food production
 Science is observed in the way
they interpret the movement of
the heavenly bodies in
predicting seasons and
climates.
Science is used in preparing the
soil for agricultural purposes
and discovered the medicinal
uses of plants.
• Technology is used by people in building houses,
irrigations and in developing tools.
• They also used technology in creating musical
instruments.
Trading with China, Indonesia, Japan and other nearby
countries have influenced their lives by providing
opportunities for cultural and technological exchange.
All of these ancient practices in science and
technology are considered now as INDIGENOUS
SCIENCE OR FOLK SCIENCE.
SPANISH ERA
• Spaniards brought with them
their own culture and
practices.

• Established school for boys

and girls.

• Introduced the concept of

subjects and disciplines.

*beginning of formal science

and technology in the country,
known now as School of Science
and Technology.
• Learning of science in
school focuses on
understanding different
concepts related to the
human body, plants,
animals and heavenly
bodies.

• Technology focuses on
using and developing
house tools used in
everyday life.
• Life during the Spanish era
slowly became modernized.

• The GALLEON TRADE has

brought additional
technology and development
in the Philippines.

• The Philippines was

considered to be one of the
most developed places in the
region.
The superstitious
beliefs of the
people and the
Catholic doctrines
and practices
during the Spanish
era halted the
growth of science
in the country.
AMERICAN ERA
AMERICAN ERA

The Americans have more influence in the development of

science and technology in the Philippines compared to the
Spaniards.
- Established the public education system.
- Improved the engineering works and health conditions of the
people.
AMERICAN ERA

Established a modern research university,

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES.

Created more public hospitals.

 AMERICAN ERA

Mineral resources were explored

and exploited.

Transportation and communication

systems were improved.
AMERICAN ERA

The Americans reorganized the learning of science and introduced it in the public
and private schools.
allowed American scholars to introduce new knowledge and technology in the
country.
Protestant church missions in different places in the country brought hospitals and
schools to far flung areas.
AMERICAN ERA
World War II has
destabilized the
development of the
country in many
ways.
The reparation funds
focused on building some
institutions and public
facilities like schools,
hospitals and
transportation system.
 NEW REPUBLIC

• Focusing on using its limited resources in improving S&T capability.

• Explored on the use of ODA or Overseas Development Allocations

from different countries to help the country improve its scientific
productivity and technological capability.

• Human resource development is at the heart of this efforts focusing

on producing more engineers, scientists, technology experts, doctors
and other professionals in the country.
• INFLUENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
IN THE PHILIPPINES

•Internal influences
Survival
Culture
Economic activities

Development
of Science and
Technology in
the Philippines
External Influences
Foreign colonizers
Trades with foreign countries
International Economic
Demands
References:
Serafica, J. et.al. (2018). Science, Technology, and Society. Rex Printing Company, Inc., First
Edition, 2018.

Caoli, Olivia. History of Science and Technology of the Philippines.

(http://www.mediafire.com/file/d90gzndhrp1mx6b/History_of_Science_and_Technologyin_the_Philippines_by_Olivia
_C._Caoili.pdf/file