Class: Advanced

Quantum Mechanics
Topic: Quantum
Entanglement
● Entanglement
Basics:
● Definition: A
quantum state
involving two or
more particles
where the
quantum state of
each particle
cannot be
described
independently.
 ● Origin: Arises
from the
superposition
principle in
quantum
mechanics.
● Bell's Theorem:
● Introduced by
physicist John
Bell in 1964.
● States that no
physical theory
of local hidden
variables can
ever reproduce
all the
predictions of
quantum
mechanics.
● Experimental
verification has
been achieved,
confirming the
 non-local nature
of quantum
entanglement.
● Applications:
● Quantum
Cryptography:
Utilizes
entangled
particles for
secure
communication.
● Quantum
Computing:
Entanglement
plays a crucial
role in quantum
 algorithms and
quantum
information
processing.
Next Lecture:
Quantum
Teleportation
Class: Introduction
to Artificial
Intelligence
Topic: Machine
Learning Basics
● Types of Machine
Learning:
● Supervised
Learning:
Training data
includes
input-output
pairs, used for
prediction tasks.
● Unsupervised
Learning:
Extracts
patterns from
data without
labeled outputs.
● Reinforcement
Learning:
 Learning through
interaction with
an environment,
receiving
feedback as
rewards or
penalties.
● Algorithms:
● Linear
Regression:
Predicts a
continuous-valued
output based on
input features.
● k-Nearest
Neighbors
(k-NN):
Classifies data
points based on
the majority
class of their k
nearest
neighbors.
● Decision Trees:
Hierarchical
tree-like
structures used
for classification
and regression
tasks.
● Evaluation
Metrics:
● Accuracy: Ratio
of correctly
predicted
instances to total
instances.
● Precision:
Proportion of
true positives
among all positive
predictions.
● Recall:
Proportion of
true positives
 identified
correctly among
all actual
positives.
Next Lecture:
Neural Networks
and Deep Learning
Class: Environmental
Science
Topic: Climate
Change Mitigation
Strategies
● Renewable Energy
Sources:
● Solar Power:
Harnessing
energy from the
sun through
photovoltaic
cells.
● Wind Power:
Using wind
turbines to
generate
electricity.
● Hydroelectric
Power:
Generating
electricity from
 flowing water in
rivers or dams.
● Carbon Capture
and Storage (CCS):
● Techniques to
capture carbon
dioxide emissions
from industrial
processes or
power plants.
● Captured CO2 is
then transported
and stored
underground to
prevent its
 release into the
atmosphere.
● Reforestation and
Afforestation:
● Planting trees
and restoring
forests to
absorb CO2 from
the atmosphere
through
photosynthesis.
● Helps in
biodiversity
conservation and
mitigating
climate change.
● Sustainable
Agriculture:
● Practices such
as crop rotation,
organic farming,
and reduced
tillage to
minimize
greenhouse gas
emissions from
agriculture.
● Improves soil
health and
reduces the
environmental
 impact of
farming.
Next Lecture:
Climate Change
Adaptation
Strategies