EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

CHAPTER 1: UNIVERSE AND SOLAR SYSTEM

Universe
● "Unity to Variety"
● The collection of all matter known to
man
● Dynamic
We study the Universe to know its:
● Origin

● Structure

● Relationship
between space
and time
Astronomy
● Celestial bodies
Cosmology
● Study of universe, including properties, structure, and evolution
Theory
● Educated guess
● Explains observation of what is
imagined
● Hypothesis that went under several
tests
THEORIES
ON THE
ORIGIN OF
THE
UNIVERSE
Big Bang Theory
● States that the Universe was once very small and very hot, and
then it expanded over time until it reached its peak (which may be
perceived as a massive explosion for some) around 13.7 billion
years ago
● A big massive explosion
● A single explosive event
● Expansion, and not explosion
● Materials spread and combined due to the gravitational pull
●Helium and Hydrogen were first discovered and they act as fuel
for the stars, and stars emit their own light
○ Georges Lemaitre
■ Said that the universe started as
a single point.

■ Father of Big Bang Theory

■ A Priest

■ Said that the universe keeps

stretching
○ Edwin Hubble

■ Noticed that
other galaxies
moving away
from each other
as seen on
Earth
Steady State Theory
● Unchanging state
● The universe is always expanding
yet the appearance doesn't change.
● Claims that there is no beginning
or end in time
● Proposed by sir James Jeans
(1887-1946), and was revised by
Fred Hoyle, Herman Bondi and
Thomas Gold
Cosmic Inflation Theory
Cosmic Inflation Theory
● Proposed by Alan Guth (1947-present) and
Andrei Linde (1948-present) explaining
the rapid bubble like expansion of the universe
●Inflation refers to the rapid expansion
● Pushes things apart instead of attracting
● Potential energy converted to kinetic energy
● No radiation/radioactive element
Oscillating Universe Theory
Oscillating Universe Theory
Proposed by a Russian-born US
cosmologist George Gamow who helped
explained the Big Bang Theory
● It is a period of expansion and
contraction
Creationist Theory
This theory states that God, Supreme
Being, created the whole universe out of
nothing. The proof can be read in the
Holy Bible stipulating that God created
the Earth and Heaven, including man
Solar System

● It is a family of a
gigantic sun, eight
planets, swarms of
asteroids, satellites,
comets and
interplanetary dust
Asteroids
Asteroids
● Minor planets that orbit the sun
● Big asteroids are called "planetoids"
Comets
● Celestial objects consisting of ice and gas
Satellites
● Moons
Assignment. (NOTEBOOK)

RESEARCH:
THEORIES ON HOW THE SOLAR
SYSTEM WAS CREATED