Chapter 5: Angles and Constructions

1. Parallel Lines
Parallel line are lines
that never intersect,
and they form the 2. Exterior angle of triangle
same angle when
they cross another
line

1.1 Formula in parallel line

2.1 Formula exterior angle for triangle

Fact:
Straight line=
180°
1.2 Types of triangles 180° = 𝑓 + 𝑎 ; 𝑒𝑡𝑐
Exterior Angle,
𝑒 = 𝑎 +𝑐
𝑓 = 𝑏 +𝑐
𝑑 = 𝑎 +𝑏

2.2 Exterior angle in quadrilateral

• Right-angle triangle: have one angle with 90° Fact:
• Isosceles triangle: two equal side and angle 1. Let D’=interior angle,
• Equilateral triangle: all have same length and etc.
180° = 𝐷 + 𝐷 ′
angle of 60°
2. Let D as the subject
• Scalene triangle: all have different angle
𝐷 = 180° − 𝐷 ′
3. Do it for other side
Example: Show that 𝐴 +𝐵 +𝐶 + 𝐴 = 180° − 𝐴′
𝐷 𝐵 = 180° − 𝐵 ′
= 360° 𝐶 = 180° − 𝐶 ′

4. Expand the question

= (180° − 𝐴′ ) + (180° − 𝐵 ′ ) + (180° −
𝐶 ′ ) + (180° − 𝐷 ′ )
= 620° − 𝐴′ − 𝐵 ′ − 𝐶 ′ − 𝐷 ′
1.3 Interior angle in quadrilateral = 620° − (𝐴′ + 𝐵 ′ + 𝐶 ′ + 𝐷 ′ )
= 720° − 360° = 360° (proven)

1 quadrilateral → 2 triangle→ 2 × 180° = 360°

3. Constructions
a. Construction triangle
1. ASA – angle, side, angle 3. SSS – side, side, side

a) Draw a 5cm
a) draw the side and
straight line. Open
one of the angles.
It's better to the compasses to
extend the line the length of 4cm.
Draw an arc.

b) Draw the other b) Open the

angle. Extend the
angle until it
crosses with each
other
compasses to the
length of 4.5cm.
Draw another arc.

2. SAS – side, angle, side c) Connect all the

corresponding to a
triangle shape

a) Draw a straight
line. Then draw the
angle

b) Draw a line for

10cm and 12cm.
Connect the line to
draw line CB.
 (No need to
4. RHS – right hand side measure)
b) Draw an arc for the
upper and lower of
the line segment.

c) Draw another upper

and lower arc for
the opposite side.
d) Connect all the
intersect point with
a) Draw a 7cm a straight line.
straight line.
b) Draw a 90° straight
line. You may
extend the line.

2. Bisector of an angle

c) Use compasses to
draw an arc of 9cm.
Make sure the arc is
intersected with the
90° straight line.
d) Connect the point
to a triangle. a) Draw an angle
b) Open the
compasses about
the length in
b. bisector between the angle
(no need to
1. Bisector of line segment
measure)
c) Draw an arc
d) Draw another from
the opposite side
with the same
length.
e) Draw a straight line
that connect the
intersect point
a) Draw the line
segment. Open the
compasses about
the length in
between the line.