List of countries by

Human
Development Index

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) compiles the Human Development Index
(HDI) of 193 nations in the annual Human Development Report. The index considers the health,
education, income and living conditions in a given country to provide a measure of human
development which is comparable between countries and over time.[1][2]
 World map representing Human Development Index categories (based
on 2022 data, published in 2024)
Very high (≥ 0.800) Low (≤ 0.549)
High (0.700–0.799) Data unavailable
Medium (0.550–0.699)

World map of countries or territories by Human Development Index

scores in increments of 0.050 (based on 2022 data, published in 2024)
≥ 0.950 0.700–0.749 0.450–0.499
0.900–0.950 0.650–0.699 0.400–0.449
0.850–0.899 0.600–0.649 ≤ 0.399
0.800–0.849 0.550–0.599 Data unavailable
0.750–0.799 0.500–0.549

The HDI is the most widely used indicator of human development and has changed how people
view the concept.[3][4] However, several aspects of the index have received criticism. Some
scholars have criticized how the factors are weighed, in particular how an additional year of life
expectancy is valued differently between countries;[4][5] and the limited factors it considers,
noting the omission of factors such as the levels of distributional and gender inequality.[6] In
response to the former, the UNDP introduced the inequality- adjusted Human Development Index
(IHDI) in its 2010 report, and in response to the latter the Gender Development Index (GDI) was
introduced in the 1995 report.[7][8] Others have criticized the perceived oversimplification of using
a single number per country.[9][10]

To reflect developmental differences within countries, a subnational HDI (SHDI) featuring data for
more than 1,600 regions was introduced in 2018 by the Global Data Lab at Radboud University in
the Netherlands.[10] In 2020, the UNDP introduced another index, the planetary pressures–
adjusted Human Development Index (PHDI), which decreases the scores of countries with a
higher ecological footprint.[11]

Dimensions and indicators

The HDI was first published in 1990 with the goal of being a more comprehensive measure of
human development than purely economic measures such as gross domestic product. The index
incorporates three dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and
decent living standards. Various indicators are used to quantify how countries perform on each
dimension. The indicators used in the 2022 report were life expectancy at birth; expected years of
schooling for children; mean years of schooling for adults; and gross national income per capita.
The indicators are used to create a health index, an education index and an income index, each
with a value between 0 and 1. The geometric mean of the three indices—that is, the cube root of
the product of the indices—is the human development index. A value above 0.800 is classified as
very high, between 0.700 and 0.799 as high, 0.550 to 0.699 as medium, and below 0.550 as
low.[1][12][13]

The data used to calculate HDI comes mostly from United Nations agencies and international
institutions, such as United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO),
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the World Bank, International Monetary
Fund and Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD). Rarely, when one of
the indicators is missing, cross- country regression models are used. Due to improved data and
methodology updates, HDI values are not comparable across human development reports;
instead, each report recalculates the HDI for some previous years.[13][14]
 Average annual HDI growth from 2010 to
2021 published in 2022
≥ 1.4% 0.6%… −0.5%…
1.2%… 0.8% 0%
1.4% 0.4%… −1%…
1%… 0.6% −0.5%
1.2% 0.2%… < −1%
0.8%… 0.4% No data
1% 0%…
0.2%

HDI dimensions and indicators [15]

Dimensions Indicators Dimension index

Long and healthy life Life expectancy at birth Life expectancy index

Expected years of schooling

Knowledge Education index
Mean years of schooling

A decent standard of living GNI per capita (PPP $) GNI index

List

Average annual HDI growth from 2010 to

2021 published in 2022
≥ 1.4% 0.6%… −0.5%…
1.2%… 0.8% 0%
1.4% 0.4%… −1%…
1%… 0.6% −0.5%
1.2% 0.2%… < −1%
0.8%… 0.4% No data
1% 0%…
0.2%

The Human Development Report includes all 193[16] member states of the United Nations, as well
as Hong Kong SAR and the State of Palestine, except for DPR Korea (North Korea), Monaco.
Some components of the index may be calculated for these countries. The Cook Islands, the Holy
See (Vatican City), and Niue are the only state parties within the United Nations System that are
not included in the report.[17] In total, the HDI is available for 192 countries and one territory.[2]

Countries ranked from 1 to 69 in 2022 are designated "very high" HDI; those ranked from 70 to
115 are designated "high" HDI; those ranked from 116 to 159 are denoted "medium" HDI; and
those ranked from 160 to 193 are designated "low" HDI.

Data are for the year 2022.[18]

 %

annual growth
Rank Δ Country or territory HDI

(2010–2022)

1 Switzerland 0.967 0.24%

2 (1) Norway 0.966 0.25%

3 Iceland 0.959 0.28%

4 (2) Hong Kong 0.956 0.38%

(1) Denmark 0.35%

5 0.952
Sweden 0.38%

(8) Ireland 0.38%

7 0.950
(3) Germany 0.19%

9 (1) Singapore 0.949 0.25%

(1) Netherlands 0.26%

10 0.946
(1) Australia 0.20%

(2) Liechtenstein 0.23%

12 (3) Belgium 0.942 0.26%

Finland 0.27%

15 (3) United Kingdom 0.940 0.24%

16 (7) New Zealand 0.939 0.13%

17 (19) United Arab Emirates 0.937 1.04%

18 (5) Canada 0.935 0.22%

19 (3) South Korea 0.929 0.36%

(1) Luxembourg 0.14%

20 0.927
(5) United States 0.10%

(1) Slovenia 0.33%

22 0.926
(1) Austria 0.21%

24 (4) Japan 0.920 0.16%

 %

annual growth
Rank Δ Country or territory HDI

(2010–2022)

(1) Israel 0.26%

25 0.915
(3) Malta 0.50%

27 Spain 0.911 0.40%

28 (3) France 0.910 0.28%

29 (3) Cyprus 0.907 0.45%

30 Italy 0.906 0.24%

31 (2) Estonia 0.899 0.33%

32 (6) Czech Republic 0.895 0.22%

33 (3) Greece 0.893 0.18%

34 (3) Bahrain 0.888 0.80%

35 (3) Andorra 0.884 0.20%

36 (2) Poland 0.881 0.35%

(2) Latvia 0.51%

37 0.879
(2) Lithuania 0.32%

39 (6) Croatia 0.878 0.53%

Qatar 0.45%
40 0.875
(6) Saudi Arabia 0.70%

42 Portugal 0.874 0.42%

43 (10) San Marino 0.867 0.32%

44 Chile 0.860 0.47%

(9) Turkey 1.10%

45 0.855
(5) Slovakia 0.14%

47 Hungary 0.851 0.22%

48 (6) Argentina 0.849 0.15%

 %

annual growth
Rank Δ Country or territory HDI

(2010–2022)

49 Kuwait 0.847 0.36%

50 (1) Montenegro 0.844 0.38%

51 (2) Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.838 0.49%

52 (8) Uruguay 0.830 0.47%

53 (3) Romania 0.827 0.14%

54 (1) Antigua and Barbuda 0.826 0.18%

55 (7) Brunei 0.823 0.02%

56 (3) Russia 0.821 0.25%

(3) Bahamas 0.21%

57 0.820
(5) Panama 0.47%

59 (7) Oman 0.819 0.22%

(3) Trinidad and Tobago 0.30%

60 0.814
(4) Georgia 0.54%

62 (2) Barbados 0.809 0.18%

63 (6) Malaysia 0.807 0.41%

64 (5) Costa Rica 0.806 0.39%

65 (3) Serbia 0.805 0.39%

66 (6) Thailand 0.803 0.65%

(1) Seychelles 0.30%

67 0.802
(4) Kazakhstan 0.38%

69 (11) Belarus 0.801 0.12%

70 (12) Bulgaria 0.799 0.09%

71 (3) Palau 0.797 0.23%

72 (1) Mauritius 0.796 0.44%

 %

annual growth
Rank Δ Country or territory HDI

(2010–2022)

73 Grenada 0.793 0.15%

74 (8) Albania 0.789 0.25%

75 (18) China 0.788 1.02%

76 (2) Armenia 0.786 0.52%

77 (1) Mexico 0.781 0.37%

(4) Iran 0.26%

78 0.780
(6) Sri Lanka 0.50%

80 (7) Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.779 0.68%

81 (5) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.772 0.17%

82 (12) Dominican Republic 0.766 0.67%

(1) Ecuador 0.32%

83 0.765
(7) North Macedonia 0.21%

85 (4) Cuba 0.764 0.16%

86 (5) Moldova 0.763 0.53%

(13) Maldives 0.81%

87 0.762
(2) Peru 0.42%

(1) Azerbaijan 0.30%

89 0.760
Brazil 0.43%

91 (6) Colombia 0.758 0.29%

92 (1) Libya 0.746 0.31%

93 (5) Algeria 0.745 0.27%

94 (7) Turkmenistan 0.744 0.52%

95 (27) Guyana 0.742 1.11%

96 (2) Mongolia 0.741 0.48%

 %

annual growth
Rank Δ Country or territory HDI

(2010–2022)

97 (8) Dominica 0.740 0.06%

98 (5) Tonga 0.739 0.35%

99 (3) Jordan 0.736 0.10%

100 (18) Ukraine 0.734 0.35%

101 (1) Tunisia 0.732 0.22%

(17) Marshall Islands NA[a]

102 0.731
(6) Paraguay 0.36%

104 (2) Fiji 0.729 0.35%

105 (11) Egypt 0.728 0.73%

106 (6) Uzbekistan 0.727 0.62%

107 (7) Vietnam 0.726 0.60%

108 (10) Saint Lucia 0.725 0.07%

109 (21) Lebanon 0.723 0.29%

110 (6) South Africa 0.717 0.50%

111 (2) Palestine 0.716 0.33%

112 (1) Indonesia 0.713 0.56%

113 (2) Philippines 0.710 0.45%

114 (5) Botswana 0.708 0.69%

115 (7) Jamaica 0.706 0.06%

116 (7) Samoa 0.702 0.02%

117 (1) Kyrgyzstan 0.701 0.49%

118 (11) Belize 0.700 0.23%

119 (39) Venezuela 0.699 0.68%

120 (5) Morocco 0.698 1.21%

 %

annual growth
Rank Δ Country or territory HDI

(2010–2022)

(1) Bolivia 0.45%

122 (9) Nauru 0.696 1.84%

123 (6) Gabon 0.693 0.46%

124 (13) Suriname 0.690 0.07%

125 (10) Bhutan 0.681 1.32%

126 (2) Tajikistan 0.679 0.61%

127 (4) El Salvador 0.674 0.21%

128 (3) Iraq 0.673 0.57%

129 (12) Bangladesh 0.670 1.54%

130 Nicaragua 0.669 0.76%

131 (7) Cape Verde 0.661 0.15%

132 (7) Tuvalu 0.653 0.39%

133 (4) Equatorial Guinea 0.650 0.54%

134 (4) India 0.644 0.99%

135 (4) Micronesia 0.634 0.13%

136 (3) Guatemala 0.629 0.21%

137 (2) Kiribati 0.628 0.61%

138 (1) Honduras 0.624 0.38%

139 (2) Laos 0.620 0.90%

140 (4) Vanuatu 0.614 0.50%

141 (2) São Tomé and Príncipe 0.613 0.86%

(5) Eswatini 1.70%

142 0.610
(8) Namibia 0.36%

144 (10) Myanmar 0.608 1.54%

 %

annual growth
Rank Δ Country or territory HDI

(2010–2022)

145 (1) Ghana 0.602 0.44%

(3) Nepal 0.85%

146 0.601
(2) Kenya 0.82%

148 (2) Cambodia 0.600 0.85%

149 (10) Congo 0.593 0.17%

150 (5) Angola 0.591 1.14%

151 (1) Cameroon 0.587 1.10%

152 (3) Comoros 0.586 0.94%

153 (2) Zambia 0.569 0.63%

154 (5) Papua New Guinea 0.568 1.12%

155 (18) Timor- Leste 0.566 1.01%

156 (4) Solomon Islands 0.562 0.13%

157 (1) Syria 0.557 1.42%

158 (1) Haiti 0.552 1.74%

(2) Uganda 0.80%

159 0.550
(1) Zimbabwe 1.12%

(5) Rwanda 1.02%

161 0.548
(2) Nigeria 0.97%

163 (2) Togo 0.547 1.29%

(3) Pakistan 0.71%

164 0.540
(4) Mauritania 0.51%

166 (4) Ivory Coast 0.534 1.07%

167 (2) Tanzania 0.532 0.64%

168 Lesotho 0.521 0.86%

 %

annual growth
Rank Δ Country or territory HDI

(2010–2022)

169 (1) Senegal 0.517 0.80%

170 (6) Sudan 0.516 0.45%

171 (4) Djibouti 0.515 1.67%

172 (1) Malawi 0.508 0.81%

173 (7) Benin 0.504 0.39%

174 (5) Gambia 0.495 0.82%

175 Eritrea 0.493 0.62%

176 (5) Ethiopia 0.492 1.55%

Liberia 0.48%
177 0.487
(5) Madagascar 0.02%

179 (1) Guinea- Bissau 0.483 0.76%

180 DR Congo 0.481 1.06%

181 (2) Guinea 0.471 1.06%

182 (8) Afghanistan 0.462 0.24%

183 (1) Mozambique 0.461 1.04%

184 (1) Sierra Leone 0.458 0.80%

185 (2) Burkina Faso 0.438 1.37%

186 (5) Yemen 0.424 1.30%

187 (1) Burundi 0.420 0.32%

188 Mali 0.410 0.08%

(2) Niger 1.34%

189 0.394
Chad 0.66%

191 Central African Republic 0.387 0.67%

192 (2) South Sudan 0.381 0.53%

 %

annual growth
Rank Δ Country or territory HDI

(2010–2022)

193 NA[b] Somalia 0.380 NA[c]

Regions and groups

The Human Development Report also reports the HDI for various groups of countries. These
include regional groupings based on the UNDP regional classifications,[19] HDI groups including
the countries currently falling into a given HDI bracket, OECD members and various other UN
groupings.[20] The aggregate HDI values are calculated in the same way as for individual countries
with the input data being the weighted average for all countries with available data in the group.[21]
Table of regions and groups by HDI [22]

Region or group 1990 2000 2010 2020 2021 2022

OECD 0.795 0.840 0.875 0.897 0.899 0.906

Very high human development 0.784 0.826 0.868 0.895 0.896 0.902

Europe and Central Asia 0.664 0.681 0.746 0.793 0.796 0.802

East Asia and the Pacific 0.507 0.592 0.684 0.748 0.749 0.766

High human development 0.557 0.625 0.700 0.753 0.754 0.764

Latin America and the Caribbean 0.633 0.689 0.733 0.755 0.754 0.763

World 0.601 0.645 0.697 0.735 0.732 0.739

Small Island Developing States 0.601 0.649 0.693 0.732 0.730 0.730

Arab states 0.555 0.618 0.676 0.708 0.708 0.704

Developing countries 0.513 0.569 0.638 0.687 0.685 0.694

South Asia 0.442 0.500 0.576 0.638 0.632 0.641

Medium human development 0.453 0.506 0.582 0.642 0.636 0.640

Sub- Saharan Africa 0.407 0.430 0.503 0.549 0.547 0.549

Least developed countries 0.357 0.408 0.487 0.542 0.540 0.542

Low human development 0.356 0.399 0.477 0.519 0.518 0.517

See also

List of countries by Human Development

Index by region
Africa

Asia and Oceania

 Europe

Latin America

List of countries by inequality-adjusted

Human Development Index

List of countries by planetary

pressures–adjusted Human
Development Index

Notes

a. HDI not available before 2011 in latest

report

b. HDI not available before 2022 in latest

report

c. HDI not available before 2022 in latest

report
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External links

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s://hdr.undp.org)

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