ABE 47 Electrical System Design for 1/15/2014

Biosystems Structures

A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS
B B
Electric service Overhead Electrical Service
E E
- the conductors and equipment that deliver
electrical power from the electric power
overhead service
4 utility’s distribution system to the customers 4 connection uses type
7 being served 7 SE(service entrance)
cable

can be with or
Service entrance
without protective
- the interface between the overhead or
conduit
underground cable from the local transformer
where the power utility’s responsibility ends
and the building owner’s electrical system
and responsibility begin

A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS
B B
Overhead Electrical Service Overhead Electrical Service
E E

4 3 to 4
8kV
7 120/240V 7
Grounding of electrical
service is required by
PEC
Service equipment
(inside)

A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS
B B
Underground Electrical Service Underground Electrical Service
E E

4 4
7 7
Pad-mounted
transformer

underground service connection uses type USE

(underground service entrance) cable

grounding is the same with overhead electrical service

Asst. Prof. Mark Keylord S. Onal 1

ABE 47 Electrical System Design for 1/15/2014
Biosystems Structures

A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS
B B Type USE cable
Grounding electrode can be any of the following:
E E - contains three insulated conductors because
(1) Metal underground water pipe with at least 10 ft (3 m) the neutral/grounding conductor must be
in the earth; insulated
4 (2) Metal frame of the building where effectively grounded;
4
- has moisture-resistant covering
7 (3) Concrete-encased electrode (an electrode encased in at 7
least 2 in. (50 mm) of concrete, located within or near the (cross-linked polyethylene insulator)
bottom of a concrete foundation);
(4) Ground ring encircling the building in direct contact
with the earth, consisting of at least 20 ft (6 m) of bare
copper conductor;
(5) Rod and pipe electrodes not less than 8 ft (2.5 m); and
(6) Plate electrodes not less than 2 ft2 (0.186 m2) of
surface to exterior soil.

A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS
B B Watthour Meter Base
E E
Overhead Underground
4 overhead pad-mounted 4
7 transformer transformer 7

service drop service lateral

type SE cable type USE cable Overhead service to a meter base Underground service to a meter base

A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS
B Type SE cable
E E
- contains two insulated wire and a bare grounding cable
- has flame-retardant, moisture-resistant covering
4
U-style SE
- contains 2 insulated conductors and a
7 multistranded braid that encloses the two insulated
conductors
- has flame-retardant, moisture-resistant and sun-
resistant jacket

R-style SE
- contains three insulated conductors and a
grounding wire
- conductors are wrapped in a glass-reinforced tape
and enclosed in a PVC jacket
A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS
B
Load Center
- accepts the service entrance wires from the meter
base and distribute power to branch circuits within
4 home or building
- used interchangeably with main service panel and
7 panel board

Panelboards are metal enclosures for mounting
overcurrent-protective devices such as fuses and circuit
breakers positioned upstream of all branch circuits in the
distribution of power within the building for lighting,
appliance, and other loads

Asst. Prof. Mark Keylord S. Onal 2

ABE 47 Electrical System Design for 1/15/2014
Biosystems Structures

A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS A SERVICE SYSTEM

B B
Panelboards classification Single-Phase Service System
E E

Lighting and appliance panelboard
4 - a panelboard having more than 10 percent of its 4
o Two-wire single-phase service system
7 circuits assigned to lighting and branch circuits that are 7
protected at 30A or less, for which neutral connections
120V
are provided
240V
o Three-wire three-phase service system

Power panelboard
120/240V
- a panelboard having 10 percent or fewer of its
circuit assigned to lighting and appliance branch circuits
that are protected at 30A or more, for which neutral
connections are provided

A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS A SERVICE SYSTEM

B B
Loadcenter Enclosure Three-phase service system
E E
- can be flush-mounted within a wall or surface-
mounted on a wall Where large quantities of electrical power are being
4 4 transmitted or used, three-phase AC power is

flush-mounted loadcenter
7 7 generally provided.
- recessed within an opening in a wall, usually
fastened between joists Three-phase currents are generated by an alternator
having three identical armature coils spaced 120°

surface-mounted loadcenter
- fastened to the outside of the wall, usually concrete from each other.
or cinder block, with masonry anchor bolts
Two configurations:
1. Three-phase Delta
2. Three-phase Wye

A SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOAD CENTERS A SERVICE SYSTEM

B B
Loadcenter Enclosure Common Power Service System
E E

4 4
o Single-phase, three-wire, 120/240V
7 7
o Three-phase, four-wire, 120/240V wye
connected
o Three-phase, four-wire, 120/240V delta
connected
Main breaker – a heavy-duty circuit breaker that limits the
total amount of current entering the building; located at the
top of the load center

Asst. Prof. Mark Keylord S. Onal 3

ABE 47 Electrical System Design for 1/15/2014
Biosystems Structures

A
Building Service Equipment A
Building Service Equipment
B Building Service Equipment B Plug-type Fuse (ratings not more than 30A)
E E
Main function:
supply power to each of the branch circuits within
4 the building from the service conductors 4
7 7
Specific functions:

Supply a main switch or disconnect means

Supply overcurrent protection for branch circuits Cartridge-type fuse (ratings more than 30A)

Supply terminals for attachment of branch circuit
conductors including equipment grounding
conductors

Supply a point of connection to earth or ground
the system.

A
Building Service Equipment A
Building Service Equipment
B Panel Board B Circuit Breaker
E - use to house the overcurrent devices E - device designed to open a circuit
automatically at a predetermined
Overcurrent protective devices overload current without damage to itself.
4 - are installed in series with the hot 4
7 conductors and are designed to open the 7 Most circuit breakers are of the inverse time type
circuit if a specified current level is exceeded. and have a bimetallic strip connected with the
contacts.
1. Fuse
a. Non-time delay
b. Time Delay
2. Circuit Breaker
a. Instantaneous
b. Inverse time

A
Building Service Equipment A
Building Service Equipment
B Fuses B
E - overcurrent devices of which a portion is E
destroyed when interrupting the circuit.
- are made with low melting point links that Inverse-time
4 are calibrated to melt when a specified current 4
Circuit Breaker
7 is reached 7
Time-delay fuse
Current passes through the bimetallic strip causing it
- a dual-element fuse
to heat up. Since the two metals expand at different
• continuous overload
rates, the strip bends. If the current level is too high,
• short circuit
the bend will be large enough so that the contact
- allow higher temporary overcurrent during
points will open. After the element has cooled, the
motor starting
circuit breaker can be reset.

Asst. Prof. Mark Keylord S. Onal 4

ABE 47 Electrical System Design for 1/15/2014
Biosystems Structures

A
Building Service Equipment
B Instantaneous Circuit Breaker
E
It contains an electromagnet.

4 When a short circuit occurs, the electromagnet trips

7 the breaker much more rapidly than is possible with a
bimetallic strip.

Combination thermal-magnetic circuit breakers are

also available.

Some are adjusted to trip at various values of current,

time, or both.

A
Building Service Equipment
B The standard ampere ratings for fuses and
E inverse-time circuit breakers are:

4 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90,
100, 110, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 300,
7 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000,
1200, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000
and 6000 amperes

(Source: PEC 2000, Part 1 Article 2.40.1.6)

Asst. Prof. Mark Keylord S. Onal 5