LOCATING PLACES ON EARTH

PREPARED BY: Sittie Asyah S. Edris

S7ES - IVa - 1
Demonstrate how places
on Earth may be located
using a coordinate system
GPS
Global Positioning System
How it works?

 GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day

in a very precise orbit and transmit
signal information to earth. GPS
receivers take this information and use
trilateration to calculate the user's exact
location.

trilateration is the process of determining

absolute or relative locations of points by
measurement of distances, using the geometry
of circles, spheres or triangles.
 A GPS receiver must be locked on to
the signal of at least 3 satellites to
calculate a 2-D position (latitude and
longitude) and track movement.
Once the user's position has been
determined, the GPS unit can
calculate other information, such as
speed, bearing, track, trip distance,
distance to destination, sunrise and
sunset time and more
USING GOOGLE EARTH
GOOGLE EARTH

 3D mapping program from Google

that covers the entire globe from
satellite images
 Requiring a download for Windows,
Mac and Linux desktops, a street
address can be searched, and the
views can be zoomed down to the
individual building all the way up to a
satellite's view of the globe
USING LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
 Any location on Earth is described by
two numbers--its latitude and its
longitude. If a captain of a plane wants
to specify position on a map, these are
the “coordinates” they would use.
LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE

 these are two angles

measured in degrees,
“minutes of arc” and “seconds
of arc”
 These are denoted by the
symbol ( º, ' , '' )
 Example: 35º 43 ' 9 ''
LATITUDE

 lines that go EAST and WEST

 also known as PARALLELS
 best known parallel of latitude is
the EQUATOR
the Equator divides the Earth
into two equal parts.
HEMISPHERES
 LATITUDE
measures distance north and south of the
Equator
numbered 0 to 90 º
As the number of the latitude becomes
higher, the farther it is from the Equator
In writing degrees of latitude, the word
“North” (N) or “SOUTH” (S) is added
 EXAMPLE
 SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
47º NORTH

 LIMA, PERU
12º SOUTH
LONGITUDE

 term used for the lines found in the

east-west direction
 beginning line is at GREENWICH
(Great Britain)
PRIME MERIDIAN ( 0 º)
 In reading reading degrees
longitude, you add “EAST” (E) or
“WEST” (W)
 LONGITUDE
MERIDIAN is the term used for the lines that
show longitude.
The Meridian of 180 degrees WEST is the
same as that of 180 degress EAST.
•Every meridian must cross the equator.
•since equator is a circle, it'll be divided
into 360 º and the longitude of a point is
then the marked value of a division
where its meridian meets the equator.
E, PM, IDL
INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
 imaginary line of navigation on the surface of
the Earth that runs from north pole to the south
pole and demarcates the change of one
calendar day to the next
 found in the middle of the Pacific Ocean
IS IT A STRAIGHT LINE?
It runs from pole to pole mostly through
the Pacific Ocean but bends to the east
to include Siberia with Russia, and
bends to the West to include the
Aleutian Island with Alaska. It bends to
the East once more to keep all the Fiji
islands on one side of the line.
TIME ZONES
 TIME ZONES
Time zones have irregular boundaries to
make alowance to political frontier.
Measured through 0ºlongitude
TIME ZONES

 Because the Earth is divided

into 360º longitude and
completes a spin on its axis in
a day (24 hours), the time
alters by one hour for every
15ºof longitude.
 QUIZ/EVALUATION
 What is the latitude and  If it's 8:00 p.m. in the
longitude of : Philippines, what time is it
1. MEXICO CITY in:
2. LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 1. PARIS, FRANCE
3. KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA 2. TAIWAN
4. SYDNEY, AUTRALIA 3. NEW YORK, USA
5. MANILA, PHILIPPINES 4. JAPAN
6. BAGHDAD, IRAQ 5. ARGENTINA
7. DUBLIN, IRELAND
8. KAMPALA, UGANDA
9. PORT VILA, VANUATU
10. LIMA, PERU
What is the purpose of latitude and longitude in the coordinate
system used to locate places on Earth's surface?

a) Latitude determines east-west positions, while longitude

determines north-south positions.
b) Latitude and longitude are used to measure time zones.
c) Latitude and longitude help determine the altitude of a
location.
d) Latitude and longitude are used solely for celestial navigation.

Which of the following lines of latitude is closest to the North

Pole?

a) The Equator
b) The Tropic of Cancer
c) The Arctic Circle
d) The Prime Meridian
Grid Coordinates:

What is the grid coordinate system used by geographers to pinpoint

locations on Earth's surface?
a) Cartesian coordinates
b) Geodesic coordinates
c) Geographic coordinates
d) Geothermal coordinates

When using grid coordinates, which direction indicates points to the east
of the Prime Meridian?
a) Positive values
b) Negative values
c) Zero values
d) North values
If you have the coordinates 40°N latitude and 100°W longitude, where on
Earth's surface are you located?

a) A point in the Atlantic Ocean

b) A point in the United States
c) A point in Asia
d) A point near the Equator

Using a Map:

How do you use a map with a grid coordinate system to locate a specific
place on Earth?

a) Determine the latitude and longitude of the place, then find the
corresponding grid coordinates on the map.
b) Use landmarks and natural features to estimate the location.
c) Refer to the map's legend to find the place's name.
d) Draw a straight line from your location to the desired place on the map.
On a map, you find a place with grid coordinates of 30°N latitude and 60°E longitude.
Where are you located?

a) A point in the Pacific Ocean

b) A point in Africa
c) A point in Australia
d) A point near the North Pole

Alternative Coordinate Systems:

In addition to latitude and longitude, what other coordinate systems are sometimes
used for location purposes?

a) Alphabetical coordinates
b) Altitude coordinates
c) Cartesian coordinates
d) Geothermal coordinates
Answers:

Latitude and Longitude:

a) Latitude determines east-west positions, while longitude determines north-south positions.

c) The Arctic Circle

Grid Coordinates:

3. c) Geographic coordinates

a) Positive values

b) A point in the United States

Using a Map:

6. a) Determine the latitude and longitude of the place, then find the corresponding grid
coordinates on the map.

b) A point in Africa

Alternative Coordinate Systems:

8.c) Cartesian coordinates

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