RH/ABO

INCOMPATABILITY
TODAY'S AGENDA
Definition of the Disease
Anatomy and Physiology
Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Potential sensitizing event for rh
incompatibility
Signs and symptoms
Medical Intervention
Nursing Intervention
 RH INCOMPATABILITY

A condition that develops when a pregnant

woman has Rh-negative blood and the baby in
her womb has Rh-positive blood.
 WHAT IS ABO
INCOMPATIBILITY?

ABO incompatibility happens when a mother's

blood type is O, and her baby's blood type is A or
B. The mother's immune system may react and
make antibodies against her baby's red blood
cells.
 ABO RH
Incompatibility Incompatibility

Less common, More

MoreCommon,Less Severe
severe
Mother Group: O
Mother RH: negative
Fetus: A or B
Fetus Rh: Positive
1st Pregnancy can be
1st pregnancy is safe
affected
No Spherocytes
Spherocytes
ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
 UMBILICAL CORD

Blood vessels in the umbilical cord, the fetus

receives all the necessary nutrition, oxygen, and
life support from the mother through the placenta
 PLACENTA

Blood passes through the placenta and provides

oxygen, glucose and nutrients to your baby
through the umbilical cord
 RED BLOOD CELLS

Carry oxygen from the lungs and deliver it

throughout our body. Red blood cells also
transport waste such as carbon dioxide back to
our lungs to be exhaled.
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Rh-negative Rh-negative Cells from the
woman and Rh- woman with Rh-positive fetus
positive man Rh-positive enter woman's
conceive a child fetus bloodstream

In the next Rh-

positive pregnancy,
Woman becomes
maternal antibodies
sensitized
attack fetal red
blood cells
 POTENTIAL
SENSITIZING
EVENT FOR RH
INCOMPATIBILITY
Ectopic pregnancy
Placenta previa
Placental abruption
Abdominal/pelvic trauma
Any invasive obstetric
procedure (eg,
amniocentesis)
Lack of prenatal care
Spontaneous abortion
Rh-negative
Mother's Mother's
woman and Antibodies Enter
Rh+ Baby's Antibodies Baby's Blood and
blood mix are formed Attack
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes

(jaundice)
Low muscle tone (hypotonia)
Lethargy
Swelling or edema (hydrops fetalis)
MEDICAL INTERVENTION

Phototherapy using bilirubin lights for the

baby
A series of two Rh immune-globulin shots

Prevention
Injection of RhoGam during the second
trimester
 NURSING
INTERVENTION
Encourage the patient to express fears and
feelings about pregnancy and childbirth.
Provide accurate information about
pregnancy and the process of childbirth.
Explain all procedures and tests and obtain
consent.
Provide positive reinforcement.
 REFERENCES
https://www.ijmpo.com/html-article/16160
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/79715
0-medication#1?form=fpf
https://www.mountsinai.org/health-
library/diseases-conditions/rh-
incompatibility#:~:text=Special%20immune%2
0globulins%2C%20called%20RhoGAM,RhoG
AM%20during%20the%20second%20trimest
er.
THANK YOU!