COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

ARCHITECTURE

ARC 006: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 6 (SITE

DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND LANDSCAPING)
UP-FA1-BSAR3-03
MONDAY/ WEDNESDAY 3:00-7:00 PM

RSW # 1
“A PROPOSED CITY GOVERNMENT COMPLEX”
DECEMBER 06, 2023

VERSOZA, MARIA KATRINA I.

Student

AR. CESAR L. AGPOON UAP, RMP, RME

Instructor
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Design Problem………………………………………………………………………………………….3

Site Description……………………………………………………………………………….…3

Design Objectives…………………………………………………………………………..…. 3

Design Guidelines & Planning Consideration……………………………………………………. . 3

Definition of Green Building………………………………………………………………… 3

Benefits Of Green Architecture…………………………………………………………… .3

Design Considerations…………………………………………………………………………………4

Design Phase……………………………………………………………………………………4

Space Requirements………………………………………………………………………… 5

A Proposed Government Complex

Local Government Building………………………………………………………………… 6

Department Agencies…………………………………………………………………………6

City Society Buildings………………………………………………………………………… 7

Crime and Justice Buildings………………………………………………………………… 8

Pertinent Laws & Codes………………………………………………………………………………14

Sample Floor Plans of Each Buildings………………………………………………………………18

Sample SDP……………………………………………………………………………………………..24

References……………………………………………………………………………………………...24
DESIGN PROBLEM

The halls of lawmakers, Judges and politicians from the city of Lipa Batangas has
agreed for a mix of functionality and awe-inspiring City government buildings. With the
idea to level up their service to the people the development will become a part of their
next year budget proposal that will be included on their city’s upcoming Comprehensive
Land Use Plan (CLUP); A ten years development plan.

SITE DESCRIPTION

The site rests in the heart of Lipa City Batangas with a zoning classification of GI
and a character occupancy of GROUP D: DIVISION D-1. The inside lot has a total lot area
of seventy-five thousand square meters (75,000sqm) and a frontage of two hundred
meters (200m) on the east. There also lies its primary access along provincial road with
two point four meters (2.4m) wide sidewalks on each side that shall be considered
elevation zero (0.0). it gradually slopes at zero point eight (0.8%) from the south. The site
is also near to a big mall on its south side, a state university on the west and the public
park on the east

III. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT:

a. To showcase the city of Lipa Batangas its rich culture to the country.
b. To Provide a more self-sustaining structure for the officials and the public and to
create a big step for Green Architecture.
c. To Become a Landmark to the province of Batangas.

Design Guidelines & Planning Consideration

Definition of Green Building

Green” or “sustainable” building involves an integrated and multi-disciplinary

approach to a building project and its components and designs by analyzing the
building on a full life-cycle basis. It is a “cradle to grave” approach that encompasses a
building’s total economic and environmental impact and performance, from material
extraction, product manufacture and product transportation, building design,
construction and maintenance, building reuse or disposal.

BENEFITS OF GREEN ARCHITECTURE

Environmental. Using environmentally sound practices, green buildings provide

direct environmental benefits to people. Green buildings counteract pollution, and
provide proper management of waste, thereby ensuring sustainability of finite resources
for future generations.

Health. Health and comfort are among the primary concerns of sustainable
building design and management. Studies have shown that green buildings which use
natural lighting, minimal chemicals, and other green elements have positive impact on
the health and comfort of the occupants. For instance, the use of environmentally
friendly, non-toxic construction materials and the reduction of harmful refrigerants help
minimize the incidence of asthma and other toxin-induced illnesses.

Economic. Sustainable building practices allows for more rational and prudent use
of resources such as money, materials and labor. Known to be of high quality, green
buildings entail relatively minimal operations and maintenance costs.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Siting. Green buildings are oriented on the lot to maximize natural lighting and
natural ventilation, and to minimize heat. Locating projects near transportation lines and
catchment areas minimize energy use.
Energy Efficiency. All possible measures are taken to ensure that the building’s use
of energy is minimal. Cooling and lighting systems use methods and products that
conserve or eliminate energy use.
Material Efficiency. All possible measures are taken to use building materials and
products that minimize destruction of the global environment. Wood is selected based
on non-destructive forestry practices. Other materials and products are to be considered
based on the toxic waste output of production.
Water Efficiency. Water saving is important since fresh water resources in many
areas are being rapidly depleted by development, reservoirs are shrinking and aquifer
depths are dropping. Thus, it is important to lower water consumption through low-flush
toilets, low-flow showerheads and faucets, and washing machines that have "water-
miser" features
Indoor Environmental Quality. The most important part of a structure is its indoor
space because it is here where the interaction of the inhabitants and his physical shell
interact. The materials used and the orientation of the structure with regards to its
environment affects significantly the indoor environmental quality of a green building.
Waste Reduction and Recycling. Waste management is given great importance
and has the element of recycling. Used water (called gray water) is used for flushing
toilets and irrigation. Construction materials and furniture are reused or recycled.
Culture-Orientation. It is also important to consider the behavior and values of its
inhabitants in the design of the green building. In the Philippine context, values are
reflected most in the family and the community.

DESIGN PHASE
SITING
• Maximize natural daylight and minimize heating by orientation to the sun.
• Utilize existing infrastructure (utilities and transportation).
• Minimize impervious areas on-site to reduce run-off.
• Reduce heat island effect through landscaping.
• Encourage infill and mixed-use development.
• Avoid use of pesticides and other chemicals for soil treatment that may leach into the
groundwater.
• Situate a building to benefit from vegetation.
• Protect trees and topsoil during sitework.
• Provide responsible on-site water management.

WATER EFFICIENCY
• Use low flow, water efficient fixtures, waterless urinals, dual flush toilets, low
flush toilets, etc. (About 75% of water households use in their homes is used
in the bathroom).3
• Check and repair leaks.
• Use native plants to eliminate/reduce irrigation needs.
• Catchment of rain water for landscaping, toilets, etc.
• Collect rain water for rock garden.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Use renewable energy (e.g. solar, wind, geothermal).
• Use energy efficient fixtures.
• Use insulating materials, glazing, etc, effectively.
• Use energy modeling to optimize heating/cooling systems.
• Use biogas digester instead of septic tank. This will reduce waste and
produce fertilizer and methane gas for cooking.

MATERIALS EFFICIENCY
• Use local materials.
• Use recycled materials.
• Reduce and reuse construction waste.
• Store and collect recyclables.
• Use durable materials.
• Reuse existing building shell.
• Use energy-efficient fluorescent lamps.
• Use light-colored roofs.
• Use green roofs (organic roof with plants on top of it).

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Indoor environmental quality increases occupant productivity and satisfaction. It can be
achieved through the following:
• use of low-emitting materials (adhesives, sealants, paints, carpets, composite
wood products);
• maximized percent of daylighted spaces;
• maximized ventilation performance;
• management of indoor air quality during construction
• monitoring of carbon dioxide emissions (use plants to reduce carbon dioxide);
• use of high ceilings and air purifiers;
• use of natural materials like stones and wood that do not have VOCs;
• use of shades for coolness of the interior;
• provision of wide enough eaves that provide permanent shade especially in
• the west windows and walls; minimizing windows on west walls to prevent low morning
and afternoon sun heating up the house

WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Stormwater management
— Sidewalks, driveways and parking lots should be sloped toward open
space, where water can infiltrate into the ground rather than go toward
drains.
— Rainwater and graywater can be used for:
• landscape irrigation systems
• washing cars
• cooling towers (largest single user of water in commercial and
industrial buildings)
• toilets
• Wastewater management:
— water reuse by irrigation and soil absorption systems.
• Issues and opportunities:
— Communities must revise their regulations/policies regarding wastewater.
— Who is going to own and operate these cluster wastewater systems?
— The construction, operation, and maintenance of these publicly owned
systems can be paid for by user fees, property taxes, grants, bonds and other
special obligation funds.

CULTURE-ORIENTATION
• Elements of Filipino architecture like wide windows, the ventanilla under windows and
high-pitched roofs are green building design features that reduce energy use by
providing natural ventilation and lighting.
• Behavior and values should be taken into account depending on the practices
in the locality. (e.g. location of toilet, storage, extended families, etc.)

Design And Space Requirements

General Building Layout

Building arrangement is the next step in planning a city hall. It is helpful as a starting
point to use the following checklist of departments, offices, special-purpose rooms, and
service areas in analyzing interior building requirements:

1. Departments requiring constant contact with the general public and the collection or
payment of money-for example, the finance department and tax collector
2. Departments requiring contact with special classes of the public-for example, city
owned utilities, building permits, personnel, city planning, and city clerk
3. Other departments include public works, recreation, police, fire, etc.
4. City council chamber and office space for use by the mayor and councilmen
5. Offices for the chief administrator
6. Courtrooms
7. Storage vaults and record rooms
8. Locker rooms, rest rooms, janitor closets, public telephones, and space for heating,
ventilating, plumbing, and electrical equipment
9. "Circulating areas" for lobbies, corridors, elevators, and stairways

The height of the building will depend upon the amount of ground available and
the amount of office space needed. Land generally is cheaper than additional height.
Taller buildings are more difficult to maintain and require more planning of the interior to
get related functions on adjacent floors. Also, any city building of more than two floors
should have an elevator, especially if the public has any great use of the top floor.

1. The Local Government building

a. Mayor’s house
-Adequate sleeping quarters
-Reception to welcome guests
b. City Hall
- Application of all laws and provisions on design and construction.
- Heavy, public-oriented / transactional areas must be at the ground floor.
- Presence of government line agencies.
- Flagpole and assembly areas.
- Provide social and recreational facilities.
c. Union Hall
d. State building
e. Executive office
f. Embassy
- Delineation of consular affairs, attaches portfolio office; and ambassadorial
office.
- Security safety and evacuation features.
- Quarters for staff and residential units
- Public / social spaces considerations.
- Country image
g. Hall of records
-Clerical office space
-Vault/storage
h. Municipal Building
- Heavy, public-oriented / transactional areas must be at the ground floor.
- Presence of government line agencies.
i. Chamber of duties
-Clerical office spaces
-Chamber for legislators and the like
2. City Society Building
a. Post office building
 b. Newspaper agency
c. Neighboring Watch
d. Administration Building
e. Social Society office
f. Civic center
g. Community Center
h. Unemployment office
i. Welfare Center
j. Tourist Bureau
k. public safety office
l. Fire station and fire department
3. Department Agencies
a. Department of Public works
b. Department of public health
c. Water Department
d. Power Department
e. Service Department
f. Treasury Department
4, Crime and Justice Building
a. Police station
- Provide an authoritative booking counter.
- Armory must be near office of station commander.
- Safety and security features.
- Cell separation.
- Quarters and lounge.
- Other ancilliary facilities.
b. Court house
-Jury seating
-Judicial chambers
c. bureaucracy Office
-Administrative offices
d. City Jail
- Classification of areas by concentric arrangement like maximum security-inner
space; medium security-middle space; and light security-outer precincts.
- Security/surveillance features
e. Rehabilitation Center
- Recreational/occupational areas.
- Humane environment.
- Ancilliary facilities.

Government and Public

“A Proposed City Government Complex”

CITY HALL
 A government-office building designed to be economical and maintenance-
wise. It houses different departments that cater the different requirements to ensure
constant city progression. The major departments include the engineering department,
legal department, public affairs, accounting department and the administrative
department. Other minor departments like Water Department, Waste management
Department and police department can be included in the city hall but mostly have their
own separate building somewhere in the city.

As symbols of local government, city and town halls have distinctive architecture,
and the buildings may have great historical significance. Architecture plays a big role in
establishing these symbolisms. Mostly, city halls follow the rule of balance in which greatly
conveys lawfulness and stability. This architectural quality sets the building apart from
other structures as it establishes a formal identity of a place of formal interactions. Most
cities also use their halls as a social representation of who they are as a city and their
collective identity as one group.

CIVIC Centers
The civic center has had great appeal to the city planner because it offers certain
advantages and at the same time provide for latitude in design. The buildings that are
Included in civic centers range from a grouping of strictly administrative offices and
service buildings to a complex of office buildings, auditoriums, libraries, and so on.

The great advantage of a civic center is that the grouping of public buildings may
prove to be convenient to the public in transacting business that requires visits to more
than one public agency. It also may result in one or more governmental units being able
to use the facilities of the other. Finally, it often is convenient to have certain facilities
grouped together in order to expedite interagency and governmental relations.

Government buildings-the city hall, fire station, and police stations-which were
long the nucleus of most civic centers tend themselves to be dispersed today. The reason
is obvious. Fire and police buildings, for example, are best located at a central point in
the street network, and with the building of expressways, this point rarely intersects with
the beat location for the mayor's office or the council chamber.

CITY-COUNTY BUILDING
The county-sent city should investigate the possibility of constructing one building
to serve the needs of both the city and the county. At least 40 cities and counties occupy
the same buildings. The city-county building has two major advantages. First, local
governmental facilities are together, which is frequently a convenience to the public and
to city and county agencies that have contact with each other. The second advantage
is cost savings.

DEPARTMENTAL LAYOUT
Departmental layout will depend on the activities carried on by the department
and the tools or special equipment used. For example, a finance department layout may
require an open area for accounting clerks and collectors with one or two private offices,
a machine room, and a vault. The public works department, on the other hand, may
require private offices for the director, the engineer, and individual inspectors, a drafting
room, a vault, a plan or map room, and conference rooms.

The first step in departmental layout is to survey the work done by the department.
Workflow should be especially studied. A complete list should be made of all employees
and equipment to occupy the space. The possibility of future expansion should be
anticipated and provision made for additional personnel. Provision also should be-made
for peak rather than average workloads. Flow of work should, as nearly as practicable,
be in a straight line. Normally, work should come to the employees rather than their going
to work. Minor activities can be grouped around areas of major activity.

PRIVATE OFFICES
A major factor in the determination of space needs is the question of who should
get private offices and under what circumstances. More space is required for private
offices; space utilization is restricted through segregation of areas for private offices; and
considerable expense is involved in rearranging and re-erecting partitions . Ventilation,
lighting, and heating problems are complicated by a number of small offices; supervision
and coordination of work, flow of work, and communications are made more difficult.
An open, wall-arranged office has a more orderly and businesslike appearance than a
series of small offices.

Certain conditions justify private offices. First, transactions of a confidential nature

require private facilities. General conference rooms, however, where confidential
meetings maybe held as occasion demands, may reduce the need for private offices.
Second, privacy is often desirable not so much because of the confidential nature of the
work, but because of the number of persons interviewed or because the work is of an
independent nature which requires quieter and privacy than the open office will allow.
There is little agreement as to who should have private offices except for the chief
administrative officer and department heads.

CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR'S OFFICE

The location of the chief administrator's office is important to good public relations.
It should be located so as to give the impression of being easily reached and open to
any caller, but it should not be too prominent. The second floor ordinarily is a good
location since some effort must be expended to visit it, and the casual or merely curious
individual is less likely to intrude.
A first-floor location, however, can be just as good if callers are properly screened
by a secretary or receptionist. It has the additional advantage of being close to the
offices most frequented by the public. Of interest to council-manager cities is the fact
that the mayor has an office in the majority of cases located very close to the city
manager's office.
 The administrator's office should be large enough for meetings of department
heads unless a conference room adjoins his office. A conference table that will
accommodate up to 12 people is desirable. Space should be provided adjacent to the
administrator's office for a secretary and one or more assistants, depending upon the size
of the city. The secretary's office would also serve as a reception room for people who
call on the administrator.

Council members
The council meeting room should be carefully planned if full use is to be made of
it. Location of the council chamber is important because of the public nature of the
business transacted there. Most of the cities with multistoried buildings have council
rooms on the first or second floor.
The offices located near or around the council chamber are usually those of the
city clerk, city attorney, and city manager. Small meeting rooms and an office for the
mayor and councilman may be located nearby. In most cities surveyed, councilmen sit
at separate desks or at a semicircular table, the open end of which faces the citizens In
only a few cities do the councilmen have their backs to the public The mayor usually sits
in the center flanked by the manager, clerk, and attorney. The council table often is put
on a dais 18 in. or 2 ft above the main floor (see Fig. 2) It is best to plan the council
chamber so that it also can be used for other purposes. In many cities it is used as a
general courtroom for public hearings held by city agencies, as a meeting room for the
city planning or zoning commission, for general conferences, and as a public meeting
room

Fig. 2 City Council seating

arrangement

FINANCE ACTIVITIES
The collection activities of the
finance department have more contact with the public than any other municipal activity
with the possible exception of the police and building departments. A prominent location
near the front entrance is therefore desirable. Avoidance of cubby holes for separate
functions and provision for a large work area enhance the appearance of the building
and give the impression of a well-planned and efficient layout. Collection functions
should be located near the public counter with billing, assessing, accounting, budgeting,
and purchasing at a greater distance. These activities should be so grouped and
arranged that the supervisor can observe the work of all his employees.
 A drive-in collection window should be provided where possible. A separate,
soundproofed machine room should be provided where machines are used
in accounting or billing. Acoustical ceilings and walls, thermopile glass partitions, and
carpeted floors will absorb much of the machine noise and make for more efficient
working conditions in the general office. A vault for safekeeping of records should be
provided unless one is provided nearby in the city clerk's office.

POLICE DEPARTMENT
The police department is singled out for discussion because of the special facilities
it needs other than regular office space. As noted, the police department is frequently
not included in the city hall . When it is, however, it should be basically separate from
other city hall activities, and public and criminal activities should be separated.
The extent of facilities will depend largely on the size of the community and the size of
the department. In planning police station facilities, several basic needs should be
considered by all cities. Jail cells should be away from public areas. Prisoner retention for
any period requires toilets, kitchen facilities, and separation of men and women prisoners
Because of the expense of cell blocks, the possibility of using county jail facilities should
be investigated.
The communications center should be isolated from the general public and other
work areas. However, in smaller communities where it is necessary for communications
personnel to act as receptionists, this is not possible. In such a case the communications
section might be located in a glass enclosure with a sliding panel

FIRE STATION
A fire station (also called a firehouse, fire hall, or firemen's hall) is a structure or other
area set aside for storage of firefighting apparatus such as fire engines and related
vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire hoses and other specialized equipment. It
may also have dormitory living facilities and work areas for the use of fire fighters.
Living areas are sometimes arranged above the garage bays where personnel without
specific station duties during the night shift are allowed to sleep unless a dispatch is
called. In a single-story station, a tower-like structure is sometimes used for hose hanging.
An occupied station will usually have a station alarm system for receiving and
annunciating an alarm, and indications of where and what caused the alarm. However,
sometimes the only "alarm" is a telephone that is rung in case of emergency. In a
volunteer fire department where volunteers do not staff the station, the firefighters may
be summoned to the fire station by siren, radio or pagers, making a station alarm system
superfluous.

FIRE DEPARTMENT STATIONS AND BUILDINGS

Fire department buildings include administrative offices; "stations," "houses," or "halls"
housing the apparatus and equipment; fire alarm and communications centers; fire
training facilities; and maintenance and supply facilities, including shops and storerooms
.In some relatively small fire departments, all or several of these functions, insofar as
provided, may be housed in one facility.
Administrative Offices
The administrative offices may be housed in a municipal office building or city
hall, or et a headquarters or central fire station. Headquarters may include offices and
facilities for the chief of the department, the fire prevention division, the planning and
research staff, the budget or fiscal bureau, the personnel department, the fire
investigation bureau, and the medical officer. The exact facilities needed will vary with
the organization of the individual department. It is desirable to arrange the
headquarters offices so that the general public will not have to pass through the
apparatus room or fire fighters' quarters to reach the offices.

Fire Stations
General There are two types of fire houses: one is operated by a paid fire
department, the other by volunteers. Most fire stations house at least one pumper
company, with its assigned first line and reserve apparatus, and other companies,
including aerial ladder, aerial platform, squad, rescue, salvage, and various auxiliary
types of apparatus. Ample space is needed for reserve apparatus, both to provide a
replacement when needed and as equipment for use by off-duty personnel recalled in
an emergency.

Apparatus Rooms
It is preferable that the apparatus floor be unobstructed by columns. Future use
of the space should not be circumscribed by having major rooms protrude into the
apparatus storage area. For multitrack stations, a minimum width of 20 ft per track is
recommended. This should be increased to at least 24-ft width for a single-track
station.
A suggested desirable unobstructed depth is 80 ft, with ceiling height of 13 ft
(minimum). Ample space is needed to permit work around the apparatus, changing of
hose, putting on fire clothing when responding, and to permit free movement of
personnel when answering alarms. Space is needed along walls for clothing racks, slop
sinks, battery chargers, water tank fill connections, etc. Space should be provided for
hose storage racks without obstructing access to apparatus. Table 1 gives sizes of
apparatus.

Location
The selection of a site for a city hall will be influenced by a number of
circumstances. Some of these conditions are limiting in nature, such as the availability of
land. There are, however, certain guiding principles that should be considered. When
Tacoma and Pierce County decided to build a city-county building the planned
commissions of each governmental unit jointly developed a set of location factors. The
six applicable principles for a city hall location area follows:

1. "Government must serve and be accessible to the people . . ." Efficiency of service is
related to how convenient governmental facilities are for the majority of those citizens
using the facility.

2. "Since public services must serve every citizen as well as, and as conveniently as
possible, those activities must be located near the center of transportation and the
center of business activity. In the large city public transportation comes to a head in the
central business district. Major arterial streets are planned to bring people in and out of
the city center . In most cases the city hall should be located near public transportation,
if any, and certainly near major arterial streets.

The city hall should be near the center of business activity because this is where the
principal users of the facility are most frequently located. As an example, attorneys
frequently must use records that are housed in city hall. A city should determine what
groups most often come to city hall and place the facility as close to those groups as
possible.

3. "Government offices must have integration with, not isolation from, other offices in
order to serve the public efficiently and effectively." City government agencies use the
services of professional men and other businesses. Locating the city hall near the center
of business activity helps expedite the work of the agencies located in city hall.

4. "Maximum use of transit systems will result in the least public parking areas and cause
the least congestion on city streets." Obviously this applies only to the city having some
form of public transit. People travel either by walking or by using cars, taxis, or public
transit. If the city hall is readily accessible to automobiles only, parking requirements
would increase in direct proportion to the increased use of the car. For the city that does
not have transit systems, location in the center area of the city may help to reduce
parking requirements . People come to the city center to do a variety of things;
frequently they park and walk between different places of business.

5. "The central business district is the real civic center of the 20th century." A lot has been
said about the deteriorating central business district. The impression has been given that
the central city is drying up; that everything is moving out. In the first place there is good
reason to believe that the moving out has largely been the retail store and to a lesser
extent the office building. Secondly, in the large city, the concentration of people makes
it possible for certain types of business, including retail, to operate more efficiently; in the
small city the general business area is staying intact for the same reason.

6. "More than the initial land cost must be included under the economic considerations
of the site . . ." The site should allow for expansion. Site development cost must be
considered. These expenditures include demolition of existing structures, If any, grading
utilities, and flood protection.
Pertinent Laws & Codes
BP 344
Architectural facilities and features required to be applied in Group D-Division 1:
A- Stairs
0.70 is the minimum stair width; 300 mm tread width; 200 mm minimum stair rise
B-Walkways
Apply 1.20 m as minimum walkways width
C-Corridors
Apply 1.20 m as minimum corridor width
D- Doors and entrances
Incorporate minimum height and width of doors
E-Washrooms and toilets
Incorporate minimum height and width of the bathroom fixtures
G- Ramps
Minimum gradation 1:12
H-Parking areas
3.7m x 5.0m for Disabled
I-Switch/controls
J- Handrails
K-Thresholds
L-Floor finishes
Avoid slippery floor finishes, matte would be better
M- Drinking fountain
N- Public telephones
Place telephone booth near main entrance for easy access

PD 1096
Building Height Limit
Institutional: 15.00 meters
Parking Areas
The size of the average parking area is 2.5m x 5m for perpendicular or diagonal
parking.
• 2.15m x 6m for parallel parking.
• 3.6m x 18.0m for Articulated Truck with 12.0 m container
• 3.0m x 9.0m for Jeepney
• 3.7m x 5.0m for Disabled
• Truck or bus parking shall have a minimum of 3.6m x 12m.
Setback
Sample floor plan of a City Hall
Sample Schematic Plan of a Local Government Buildings
Sample Floor Plans of a City Society Buildings
Sample Floor Plans of a Department Agencies
Sample Floor Plans of Crime and justice buildings
Sample SDP of a proposed City hall and justice hall

REFERENCES

Buban, C. E. (2006, August 6). “Creating Low-Energy Homes”. Philippine Daily Inquirer.

Chiara, J., & Callender, J. (1987). Time Saver Standards for Building Types. Singapore:
McGraw Hill .

Oak Bluffs. (2018, January). New Town Hall Building Plans. Retrieved from Oak Bluffs
Masachussets: https://www.oakbluffsma.gov/322/Building-Plans

Philkotse. (2020, April 17). Start a parking business: A complete guide to design a car park.
Retrieved from Philkotse: https://philkotse.com/car-buying-and-selling/start-a-
parking-business-a-complete-guide-to-design-a-car-park-5765

Poblete, L. J. (n.d). A Proposed City Hall and Justice Hall. Pasay City, Metro Manila,
Philippines.

Polo, J. (n.d.). Vehicle Parking Provisions & Layouts. Retrieved from Archlogbook:
https://www.archlogbook.co/posts/vehicle-parking-provisions-layouts

PUPClass. (2008, May 31). Design Guidelines: Public Buildings. Retrieved from CAFA Notes:
https://pupclass.blogspot.com/2008/05/design-guidelines-public-buildings.html