Electiva de profundización semestral 10 (16-01-2024)

International sale of goods

GENERAL TOPICS

International law sytem

Sources of private international law

International sale of goods (CISG) and related transactions

Contratual responsibilities

De las comisiones del derecho internacinla

La corte internacional penal

1969 la asamblea general

- Glosario
- Tort
- duty- duties
- Treaty- treaties
- hearing -hearings
- prosecutor
- counterpart
- lateran treaty
- UNIDROIT
- HCCH (convención de la haya 1994)
- Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre comercio y desarrollo 1964
- Conferencias interamericanas sobre derecho internacional privado (CIDIP) 1975
- OHADA (Organización por la armonización del derecho de los negocios en África)
- World trade organization WTO
- ICC chember of international trade
- lateran treaty

17-01-2024

Treaties and Conventions

Even after signing a treaty or convention, a nation is always free to go it alone and repudiate all
regional or international bodies, or refuse to obey the dictates of the United Nations or, more
broadly and ambiguously, “the community of nations.” The United States could repudiate NAFTA,
could withdraw from the UN, and could let the WTO know that it would no longer abide by the
post–World War II rules of free trade embodied in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT). The United States would be within its rights as a sovereign to do so, since it owes
allegiance to no global or international sovereign. Why, however, does it not do so? Why is the
United States so involved with the “entangling alliances” that George Washington warned about?
Simply put, nations will give away part of their sovereignty if they think it’s in their self-interest to
do so. For example, if Latvia joins the European Union (EU), it gives up its right to have its own
currency but believes it has more to gain.

A treaty is nothing more than an agreement between two sovereign nations. In international law,
a nation is usually called a state or nation-state. This can be confusing, since there are fifty US
states, none of which has power to make treaties with other countries. It may be helpful to recall
that the thirteen original states under the Articles of Confederation were in fact able to have direct
relations with foreign states. Thus New Jersey (for a few brief years) could have had an
ambassador to France or made treaties with Spain. Such a decentralized confederation did not last
long. Under the present Constitution, states gave up their right to deal directly with other
countries and vested that power in the federal government.

There are many treaties to which the United States is a party. Some of these are conventions,
which are treaties on matters of common concern, usually negotiated on a regional or global basis,
sponsored by an international organization, and open to adoption by many nations. For example,
as of 2011, there were 192 parties (nation-states) that had signed on to the Charter of the UN,
including the United States, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and Uruguay (just to name a few of the nations starting with
U).

The most basic kind of treaty is an agreement between two nation-states on matters of trade and
friendly relations. Treaties of friendship, commerce, and navigation (FCN treaties) are fairly
common and provide for mutual respect for each nation-state’s citizens in (1) rights of entry, (2)
practice of professions, (3) right of navigation, (4) acquisition of property, (5) matters of
expropriation or nationalization, (6) access to courts, and (7) protection of patent rights. Bilateral
investment treaties (BITs) are similar but are more focused on commerce and investment. The
commercial treaties may deal with a specific product or product group, investment, tariffs, or
taxation.

Question

Explain what a treaty is and how it differs from a convention.

la principal diferencia entre un tratado y un convenio radica en el grado de formalidad y en la
amplitud de los temas que abordan. Los tratados son acuerdos formales y vinculantes entre
Estados u organizaciones internacionales, mientras que los convenios son acuerdos de menor
formalidad y pueden abordar aspectos económicos y comerciales, tanto bilaterales como
multilaterales.

Es importante tener en cuenta que los términos "tratado" y "convenio" pueden variar en su uso y
definición dependiendo del contexto y la legislación de cada país

the main difference between a treaty and an agreement lies in the degree of formality and the
breadth of issues they address. Treaties are formal and binding agreements between States or
international organizations, while agreements are less formal and can address economic and
commercial issues, both bilateral and multilateral.

It is important to bear in mind that the terms "treaty" and "convention" may vary in their use and
definition depending on the context and legislation of each country.

- Actividad para mañana

1- What is the Wto

2- Qué es la OMC

- ESPAÑOL

La Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) es una organización internacional que se ocupa de
las normas que rigen el comercio entre los países a nivel mundial o casi mundial. Fue establecida el
1 de enero de 1995 como sucesora del Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio
(GATT).

La OMC tiene como objetivo principal la apertura del comercio en beneficio de todos. Sirve como
un foro para la negociación de acuerdos encaminados a reducir los obstáculos al comercio
internacional y a asegurar condiciones de igualdad para todos. Además, contribuye al crecimiento
económico y al desarrollo al ofrecer un marco jurídico e institucional para la aplicación y vigilancia
de los acuerdos comerciales, así como para la solución de diferencias que puedan surgir de su
interpretación y aplicación. La OMC cuenta con 164 miembros, que representan cerca del 98% de
los flujos de comercio a nivel mundial. En resumen, la OMC es la única organización internacional
que se ocupa de las normas de alcance mundial que regulan el comercio. Su principal función es
velar por que las corrientes comerciales circulen con la mayor fluidez, previsibilidad y
libertad posible

- INGLES
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization that deals with the rules
governing trade between countries on a global or near-global basis. It was established on January
1, 1995 as the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

The WTO's main objective is to open trade for the benefit of all. It serves as a forum for the
negotiation of agreements aimed at reducing barriers to international trade and ensuring a level
playing field for all. It also contributes to economic growth and development by providing a legal
and institutional framework for the implementation and monitoring of trade agreements, as well
as for the settlement of disputes that may arise from their interpretation and application. The
WTO has 164 members, representing about 98% of global trade flows. In short, the WTO is the
only international organization dealing with global trade rules. Its main function is to ensure that
trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.

24-01-24

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9I5E0UM0OA&t=567s

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