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    Istoriia Svitovoi Tsyvilizatsii Sotsiokulturnyi Rozvytok Liudstva

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    Istoriia Svitovoi Tsyvilizatsii Sotsiokulturnyi Rozvytok Liudstva

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    Istoriia Svitovoi Tsyvilizatsii Sotsiokulturnyi Rozvytok Liudstva

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    fOPIA NABNEHKO ICTOPIA CBITOBO! LMBIIZALIII CouiokynbTypHivid posBuUTOK MoACTBA Bugahia Tpete, cTepeoTunhe Afonywerno Mixicmepcmsom oceimu iuayKu YkpaiqU HasyanbHvit nociOHuK Ana crygentia rymaniTapHnx cneyjanbHocted BMAX HaBYaNnbHux saKnagis Kui «ndiab» 2001 BBK 63.3(0)a73 m2 MAHOPAMHE BAYEHHA BCECBITHbO! ICTOPI PosnoecwdoceHHAa ma MUpaxcyeanHsA 6e3 ogiuitinozo Ooz6ony 6udacHuumea 3a6oponeHo Bimosizanpunit pexaKrop 7a aBrop BCTYMMoro copa Cepeiti Kpumcorcutt Kuunexa IO. [anmenka po icropito cnitonoi mEBiTisani, OymydH HaByalbHAM TOciOHHKOM (ToOTO mpatyelo 3aramb- HOBM3HAHOTO 3MicTy), € BOWHOWAC HayKOBAM WopoOKoM He- opamiapnoro ratytxy. Bora oxoriioe TanopaMy BCeCBITHBOL _ icropii 3a mepiog ax 10 Tacs poxis. V cysacniit aitepatypi TTonyueno Minicmepcmeom ocaimu i nayxu Vicpainu nomiGna wHpoTa ysaraybHenHa BAacTUBa ITHNTe WeKUIbKOM (mncr Ne 14/18.2 — 613 nin 06.05.2001 p.) BIATIESM, 3NcOUIbIIe KONeKTHBHOTO ONpartloBarins. Baxmpe HayKORO-MeTomMIne SHAeHHT nociOHNKa 10- yuirae B TOMY, UlO Bi 31aMcITye TICB) MIT KPOK y samoBnentti Toxopna pegaxtia witepatyp viel nopoxkBeui, 1Ka BURMKIa Ha pyini rorazirapno Bwnry- 3 ryManitapHux nayK MaueHoro NepKABNOTO MapKCH3MY PAsUAIHCLKHX uacin, «KWL TIPMBAACHIOBAR Mipavo Ha «EYMITO TpaBHprty> kapruny icro- Toxopruit penaxrop Ceimaana Tonoeco pyuoro mportecy B Horo KJACOBO-CKONOMIZHOMY pakypci. Penaxrop FOpiii Medrox He sareperyloux caMoro mpHHuvMuy icropwanoro jleTepMi- HisMy, aBrop, yIiM, POskpuB winmticrs i comiokytbTypHOTO, 1 MyXoBILO-eTHUITOTO, i CofiatbHo-eKOHOMiMHOLO, i eTHOICTO- piratroro antanisy, are te 3 OLY TuMOpaiticrM41OTO “TPAKry- BANE pix TXONB 0 icropii, a B KouTeKcri Garato- apianTHocri torebKol JUWILHOCTI Ta BIAEMOLOTIOBHIOBALO! ti {i acuextin. Y npomy cenci Kira IO. Tlapnerka € icroTHuM BIlecKOM y CIIpaBy qTpancopManii ryManizapiioi ocBirn B cysacuiit Ykpaini. Hporrononannit noci6umKk gacnirye Hapoybkerist HOBOL MICHIANA TA MIpeIMeTA BUKIANAUTIE — CONLOKYITYPHOTO posBTKy JWorcTBa B foro TIBLTsAIMOIMX Ta eTHOHaLo- abunx dbopMax. Yuikatpiicrh qTakoi MCHMOUTAM ToWATac B TOMY, IO BOTA KOLCTHTYTOCTECA ABTOPOM AK TpeHMeT KOMI neKcHol pospoOkM Ta BHKTATAnNt Ta 6asi noemnanns cpi- mocopii icropit Ta kKyibrypouoril 3 arvaMM KOHKpeTIVAX 11a} puacne icropii Ta icropil Kyxprypu, apxeouoril, corriosoril, pemiriesrancrpa, enemenris eKOrOMikH Ta HaBiTb cuHepre- TKM aK HayKH Ip MporlecH, WYO caMoopraniisylorbca. Horna jicrmitina we € TpaMuiiHo1o icropicio (8 Hifi He posrisjaorbca cretiapii Ta KapTHHM KORKpetnyne nomi, . OCKUIDKM aBpropa HikaBAATb ‘eumonorisni mporech). He € porta ane 0361010000-033 © lOpiit i icropicio KyETYpH WH KysbTYpOONE!O (60 aBrop He 3aHy- 2001 © JOpiii Mannenxo, 1996 ploerpca y Miponecht privenia icrunm, n0Opa, Kpack B KONK- © Cepriti Kj peTHMX siHMINAX MHCTeNTBa WM HAyKH). Bomiouac BUKIT ISBN 966-06-0203-0 yerymme EAT I8G POsBUTKY cBiToBOi UMBitisanit € ObxMT (paxrouorignum, HD (bitocodia icropii. OnKe, iieTbct came TIpo HoBy JHC- 3 TATU, Ka 3a CBOCIO CHHTeTHYHICHO Ta eBPHCTITUIHM 1O- ‘TermiaOM SyaTHa BUCTYHaTH OCHOBOIO ryMarliraprioi ocnirn B wiiomy. Anrop TWIKOM cIylmMo priate sHawy yBary McToylo- HOriMM CHTARTSIM. Ha npormpary yrinepcanisanil dop- MaLtiHHOro THXOyy BiH POSKPHBAC TOPS 3 HAM epprerranti MoxormBocTi IpHHHanis nowimieiiocri ‘Ta mHABiTsaniiinot MMCKPeTHOCTI KyasrypHo-icropwutoro POSBHTKY JHOyCTBA. Cumparowucs ia izei A. Jpk. ToiinGi, aki noBiB, uo OcHOB- HOO KIITHHOIO (Motlayo1o) icfopHTHOrO POSBATKY € TOKALb- Ha WMBisatia, aprop oOrpyuronye TONsTTa neBirisaiéitol CHCTeMH 51K caMofocraTEDot ta Bi_NOCHO aBTOHOMHO! ic- ‘ropwunoi peanil Hayerniutoro Macurra6y. Baxoimpo, tO aBrop, KPHTHKYIOIN 3acTaphli nono KeHHA MapKCHCTehKoi cbixocodii icropii, me bigmirac camy ineto o06’ekTABHOL _icropunot sakorromipriocri. [lokasopumMu B UbOMY TLIAHL € opuHrinambie JoctioKeHHt «HeOMTHINOL penoliouil> 1K 1epezyMoBn naBiisaniiiioro CrpykTypyBanHa icropii, anazis Texnonoriyaoro uepenopoty Ha mMexi If 1a I rue. WO H. @. 4K TlepeylyMOBM posBHTky Tpamanilrax muBi- wisaniii ra TIPOMMCHOBOI pepomonii XVIII cr. 1k nepetyMoBy BHHMKECHIA inpycrpiapHoro cycniuiperna. Paso is 1HM aBrop MOKagaB, 110 TOMY XK caMOMy rocrio- yapcbKoMy THUOBi cycmimbcrsa YH eKOHOMiMHOMy 6a3HcoBi MOXYTS BiOBiTATH JeKWIEKA CyCHUILHMX (bOpM posBUTKy. Kouipnunrsy, HaNpUKIay, BiwOBaIoTb i TepBicHMit san, i cycntiabni BUITOCHHH imslepcbKoro THIy, nomiTeism on cpirona pevirin Ha 3pa30K JaMaisMy. IO. Tanaemko cucTeMHo TowaB yci aprymelrn, wo 6ys0t Bucynyti cy1acHoIo HayKOIO MpoTH cxeMH WarH cycitptto- exonomiuaux (popmaniit, i noKa3ap ii meayexnatnicry HaBiTh camomy Mapxcu3moni. [pore pitt MepeKorIHBO JOBO) Th cragitH ict pe SBUTKY WIOICTBA AK BOKINBMM acrieKT BCe- cBiTHLoi icTopi y MociOHuKy OOTpyHTORaHO WPOBOMMILCA Taka cxeMa cramiiitoi crpyKrypanii cBiroBoi icropit: 1) crayia neppictioro cycrimecrpa Ha pipni LOicropH4HHX (pop posBurKy; 2) crania cbopMynaritist mepezyMon: pannix waBirisaniit, IO TOUMHAcTEes 3 «neonitHMinol penomonii> (ioaBa BiI- ‘TROPIOBANDHOL eKOnoMikH) i B inrepsani Mix X va II] Tuc. 20 H. e. peallisye mepexiy Bix PoLOBOTO, OOULMOLO 0 mtemin- Toro PiBHA COHJOreNesy, KONH BUHHKAIOTb TIpoToMicra, CIBO- PIOIOTLCA YMOBH ILIA «MicbKOl penouonii»; 3) crania parnix nupinisanitt naps (I1]—I ric. no H. e.); 4) crania ipagmuiiinex mmpbrisaniit (Big novarKy I ruc. 10 H. @. Ta «); 5) crania inpycrpiamHoro CYCHUILCTBA Ta BAHMKHCTIN MakpoumBitisanii y Macurrabi oaneTH (3 inreppali Mix XVI cr. ra cydacnicrio). ‘Taxa cxeMa UiJIKOM 3aJIOBIIbHO OXOTULOE yei cpaxru Ta 3akonomipHocti, IO ifomi cydacHilt Hayii BYOCHO Po3- BHTKY joneTBa, i Wac rotary mitcrapy [VLA anaisy icropit aK comiokyIbTypHoro Mpouecy. OGrpyHTyBarnHia bOTO € cepito3- OIO HayKOBOIO TepeBaroro mociOuMKa. He MecHI ictorHoro BOatacTDca pospobKa incl momli- wtinitimocri cBivonoi icropil. B ocranniii, 1K WOKasyeTCA Y qociouuxy, € Giuai it maBire 6espuxina winii (HaMpHKTalt, KOUIBLIIITBO), 3YMMNKM POSBUTKY (komm, MpHMipoM, 3 Cepe- am I THe. 10 H. @. aK HO XIX ef. 3aCTHTAc POSBATOK OXI eycnimsers), imil nepeasi30BalHx MoxuMpocrell (AK TH- Bisa MOMMBIOLO 3emuepoOcTBa, WO JO eTOxXH sarisa He posKpiLH cBoix norenniii), Hackpisni winit rary «CXiHOro» (asificbKoro) ‘Ta_«3axioro> (enpomteitcpkoro) WOLAXIB Po3- Burky, cHTyail BMTapaHIir 3 Maricrpabtoro pO3BHTKY icropit (ak paGcTBo B Tpenii ra Pai wa nepxkanauit couia- nism B CPCP). He omunae aprop | npupoytn Ta pocntti KaTactpodu y cpironili icropii. Ocobmmno noliyOIM Y WbOMY pian € attatis «BIOPHHHEX pupistisaniit Ta «BropHnttoro» rronirorenesy, 3 AKUMM SOB’ s3YETHCA POSBHTOK \ulacoBMX crpyktyp. 3aciyro- Bye 11a yBary OcHpKeH WAL eTHOCOMaIbHOrO WHNNHKA icropii. AKTyaIbuiM B KONTeKcTi cysaciocri € POSTIAL Kapaa loro fia cBiroBoro icropHuitoro mporecy MepeTBopentit 3a- ‘XiloxpucTH sHICbKOI nuinizanii y Honocnponeitcnky — Tlinnivnoamanraany, a 0OTIM y MaxkpoxpuctMsinichky HBi- niganiitny ofkymeny XX cr. Atop TlocTaBHB rpaniosiy MeTy BHCBINICHHA rHatopaMHt cpironoi icropii. Tipapomtio, — { me mepeyGayaerica toro 3aJ[YMOM, ——~ wo He Bei acnekM 1 TeMHM OFMHSIOTCA B Tiowi 3Opy MOCTUMMKA; Bis), WeAKUX is Hux Bid aGcrparyerpen. I we me cHa6Kicrh noci6nnka, 60 aBropchKa KOHTICIMs BH- piarbHAX MOMeNTLB icropii, 3a ycix immux MOXMBHX Ba- piarrin ii MogesoBanIta, gammmiaerbcst 6a3HiCrIO10. erorno1 € Ta oGcTaBHita, MIO ruBimisaniiimnl nid mac 3Mory posB’AsyBaTH npoGeM Mose OBAHIA icropit i B pepcortawictcbKOMy acriexti. [Ipo meoOxiticrh Takoro pa- Kypcy, 3a Koro icropia «3ropTacTbca» B MONCH OCO- Guctocti, BYLNOCTECA B HOU Moet, HeoOpagoBO BUCY Bal Torani waiipeyaTeini mucunrreni, 30Kpema V1. B. Teote ‘ra M. O. Bepases. [pote k «sropttyTH y erpyxtypi oco- Guctocti nepBictticrh, pabowlackHETho, dbeonalisM wt Ka- qriranism? Tyr torpi6ua inuia Moyer, sika, Bulactte, | MOXe 6yrm crBopeHa ma rpynti posyMinHa icropii aK 1wanitisa- wiitroro mporecy. Came 3a rielO MOyeILIIO mepBicrticTh, exOxH , cepembonirat it yoranerapnot nuBimiganii MOxkyTb TpakTyBatHcs B acrieKTi (popMybanita YMOB momcpkoro 6yrTs#, Horo XpoHOcTpykTypHt ‘ta Omi, WLLIXOM IpOTHCTO AHH Konednocri KHTTT JNOMAH, MoTary 10 BidHoCTi, 3yaTHOCTI NO repotuntoi (tacionapnioi) JUL Ta WMHAMIKH Jtyxy, NontyKy Goronopi6Hocti. i crracinns, kocMivHocri MoxchKoro npHsuavens. Tlepsicnicrs y Mexax BepxHLoro Tlateoniry Moxe 6yrmm CxapakTepusonana AK CoMjabie PosKPHTT JOsCKKOTO Gyrrsa (eksuerenny eThcA TIpo Te, moO Joma Morya BINOKPeMUTUCH BIL ThapHMHorO cBiTy me abcomMOTHM “MHOM, TOGTO ‘“epes yrBepyoxenns Bcici citkH Koop AMAT s10- Aaoctl, Xow i 3ayanoi cnovarky norenniitno. Moganpumit XU [cTopwunoro Tponecy mime axryaxisypan y nepniit TocAoBHOcTI Hi KoopyHatu. Tomy nocaimuKy if poci Bpa- %KalotbCA WevepHuM XuUBOTMCOM Opinbaky, «3aLapoBaHi 6isonM sKoro Haraylyior im reniatbye Mucterrso Ilikacco. JIk nokaswin nonitni zocuipKennis neuepu JIacko y Mpanuii, mmo BxKe 15 Tuc. | poxin Tomy BHKopuicTonyBanH ‘Textiomoriio OnatenHA saisHot py pasoM 3 BYTIeTeBuM. cyOcrpatom (ntepenaenumn KicrkaMM), To6To Texttonoriio Mali6yruBoro satisnoro Bixy, pore pobunm non ne 3angst ayo6yrra ue Merany, a bapOu — yield nepmoi a6crpaxnt sixicHo-npeyMer- Horo cBity. Tossa noxosaatproro o6pajy ta monuperte BAKOpucTaH- Na B HbOMY “epRonol hapou (AI4 ynogiGHenHA Corto, BormMo, jeHHOMY cBity, Kponi AK cHMBOIY xXUTTH TOMI) sacpittypamn Oytra mom Ha meperwni pisrAx cnirin (3em- Horo ii neGecHoro, peaxpuoro Ta caxpaxbuoro), Korpe Manidecrye i Bea scecRirisa icropia. Boynouac binGybacrncst Xapaklepie IA WONCKKOL exsucrennii mpuGopKamia cH Upspond (Hacammepey Bornio). [[pore 3a neppicnocti icropis We He BiNpisHsAcTECA Bi, NoBCAKeNHOCTI i Moxe posnis- WATHCh 1K UpoToicropist 3 ycicio norennici Gararbox fi mepe- TIeKTHB. Tlepenymonu uuBitisaniiinoro uponecy punuKaory y HaABHilt POPMi 3 efloxo1 «HeoniTMMNO! peBowionii>, WoO 3Ha- MeHypata MomBy arpapHoro BupobuMITBa, mepeTopennst MPHPOAHOTO CepexoBMUa Ha eKOHOMivHMii npocrip mows, naconuma, catOu, upomucay. Kunypiim sepno y sopane more, JOWMHa eKoNorivo UpHEB’ssana ce6e Wo 3eMTi He TUIPKM s1K Tipapomoro, a it conjarsroro sBva. Bunk benoment ocinocti, KOM OceneIoO Cfaya He muMIe xata, a ii TepHtopia pony, w1emeni, erfocy. [Ipupomni mponecu, mo 6ymu BIATHeH B JkOAChKe RUTTA, craioTh penani Oimue COMLOTIPHPOLHUMM — UpeiMefom nomo6yriBnurRa cepe- AOBLUA AK «PIIHO! 3eMiti>, moO HoTiM crac BareKiBuynoro. CRATHM NOBKLLLIM Oyrra, He BananKoso HaBiTh y Crapomy 3aniti, moO s’aBINeTBEN stad nisnime, s6epiracraca crap- AeCHILT HO CepetoBuita He 1K 1O IpupogM caMoi No coi, a 1k 20 oifkyMenicrumHoro dberomena — semai. Onn i3 wait HommpenimMx crip y crapo3anirsomy ciopiuKxy Gyo eres (IpyHT, Senora, 3eMembna iTHKa, Kpaita, o6uaerp). 3 axrya- ai3anieio joMoG6yriBHMTBA cepexoBuIya icropit TouMHac BHCTYHATH AK OlKyMenicTH4HHit mpouec, mo 30arauye MONCLKY eK3NCTeHI{ilo — 110 OcHOBy icTopil. Hacryrm™m nepionoM, “it wapoM, s6arayennst icropry- voro 6yITs JONMHM crac mke coniatbia aktyatisaria ne ‘TUIbKM XKUTTEBOTO Tipoctopy (OiKYMeHM), a if “ACY MOCHKO- ro icnypanua. Le nop’a3ane 3 BaMMKHertiaM rrBiTisantil B3a- yamti Ta pivKoBHX WHBUisaniit 3oKpema. Ocranni, crsopupmm ipuraniiine semepoOcrso va MoryrHi gepKanni incrarynit Horo TuIIpUManna, NepeTBOpHM cesontti pHTMM NpHpow Ha mipeyMer TOcKogapionanna Ta jlepkaBnoro Bpaxysannt. Uac CTE eKONOMIUNO Ta COMIaTbHO 3HAtyWHM i BUAETECH B OcOOJMBMIL peryrnTHBIi THINK, AKMA BiNGHBAcTbCA na OKMTTEWIbHOCTI Monelt. Bunwkac Kayennap #K MaTpHIst 6yrrepux omit. Y conianbriit cepi 3’anusicThos, 1K Harou0- mye IO. Tlaprenko, renerwunmii pix, to6ro cycuitpni Bis- noc pogwuin He mume 3a ixHim MicieM y ponmnpitt Mo- gaitli WaspHoro cnipicuysanna (@K Opata, CReKpa, MeBicTKH Tonto), a To «Beprukadi>, ToOro 3a npewkamMu, B vaci. 3 POSBATKOM jepxKaBH Ne ABMINe MepeTpoplocrpca Ha pe- ectpanilo NoKONiM, Ha Coniatbiy reneanoriio (Hacammepex napin), a noTiM — Ha reneavoriio agaMitin (aK Mpo we caingurh Crapuit 3anir). Binnonigno 3’spamiorbca xpotto- nor TeKcTH, WapchKi Haren po cBoix nperKiB i HaBit, (y I te. no u. e.) icropKo-sitepatypni TRopu. 3 novarKom akryanisanii cbesomena wacy B KyabrypHiit wapHui pospaBaerpca Taka dopMa orpeyMeTHentst Ta pos- MIpewMeTHemit coniatenoi vam’ sti po MMHyJIe, 1K TMCbMO va HucpMercrBo. Boynouac BinGyBaeraca puTyanizania “acy B RepxKapno-iveotorinsist cchepi sepes odpiniiine camknitonanns pexiriitmmx cat. Ocranni pucrynaiom sk HaltcuipusTm- BiMMii dac wit cnimkysanna 3 Gorom. Binpure roro, cam Gor (11a spasok Ocipica) posrmiyacrbea aK yrillertiia taconot j:pa- Matypril BMMpanna Ta BocKpecinnsa npxwpoyn. Upuuomy, BYUNOIOMM Yac, Gor BHBHadae XKMITA WOMMN AK MAX BIL MapoJbkertHa 10 cmMepri. Tak mops 3 apxaluiiiM OCBOcITHAM “acy vepe3 PHIMM UPMpoxK HapoywKyerses NONATTA TIPO «abun Tomb». Jlous i ¢ aliqapninioio y BHTROpaX TIMCb- MeHCTBa KOHMKpeTHsarrierw “acy. Yawnenna mpo yomo pixcyerbea we B Crumri repiony Pammporo napcrsa (III tac. no Hu. e.). TIpo ne cairn naficrapinuit rexcr Jlasunoro Eraumry — , B AKKAJCbKOMy Bapianri sKoro repoit mryKac KBITKY Gescmepra, ame oicus Toro aK 3Miii BuKpagac ii, ynen- HIOETBCH, Io GescMepra MomArae B minax Monel. Ilo %* yo Crapoyapnnoro Erumry, 10 Bex KyIbTypa ta igeonoria nici nuninisanii Gyr upocaKnyri BoMeIo 10 GbescMepTsa, CHMBOJIOM sioro BUCTyTIaqa ymis. 3 Il rac. yo w. e. B pamKax pexirii Ocipica BuuuKae ines ocobucToro GescMeprat sk BITLIATH 3a MopaJIbHy nopeyiiky oyun. Ipo nop’sasanicrs «owrKy yaciB» i3 TIOMIYKOM BiTHOCTi (INonpaBia, B ii HaibtoMy Bapianti) cBiquuTb napHpoinmilichka «MaxaOxapara», B sKiit Sor 7o6yBaloTS LIAXOM 36aaMyueHHs MONOUOTO OKeaLly wartiii GescMepra — ampiry. Orpxe, icropit aK nMBiNisaniiinMit mponec uabypac Bu- TIly XPOHOCTPyKTypH ULAXy AOI Ta NoONaHHA KoNeUnOCcr MOACLKOTO XKHITA Yepes MacurraGui nissan. [ xo Taka xa- pakrepuctuka icropii 36epiracrpcs fi Hayani, HOBUM KpOKOM Bucrymae akryalisaiiat ComliaibHux crpykTyp MOTCHKOL ininiarmpu, B Tomy yncmi nonitmmnoro acuekry icropil. Tyr igersca mpo uepiog na sxami II ra [ ruc. go nH. ¢., Kom OCBOIOETECA TeXHONOLIA BHYOTORIeHHA Ta BUKOpHCTaniist 3anisa, 110 CTANO TOMITORXOM ILI BAXIMBHX 3MiH y coniab- HOMy XkuTTI. Bacrocypanna 3ai3HMX 3Hapiyqb Wato 3sMory ccbopmy- BaTHCA aBTOHOMHHM FOCHOapCcTBAM Ta CIIPHAJIO: BHVILIeEH HO ocobn 3 pony. 3 LOO MOMeHTY po3BUTOK MOChKOi inWH- Bityanbuocti crae ocbonolo TexeHmicio icropii. Ak HoKasye JO. Tlapsenko, y I] THe. no n. e, (3 yacin Xammypani) y TleBAUX periouax BilGypacrpca BiOKpemienT BAAR BUT BIACHOCTI, 1Ke TO3HAYae POSBUTOK IpuBATHO! ininiaTuBn. 3 enoxolo 3anisa sGiracraca if nepexig Big panuix wHBi- nisaniit yo TpawuniitaMx cximmx cycnitpcrs i, ome, Wo Kia- coBMX cTpykryp B ixHix 3piMx cbopmax. Bimnoniio naGupae cwry yecakpanisaniat Bram, aKa xo4 i 36epirae penirifine CAMKIIOBAHHA, ale wenati OimEme TpaxryeTECA 1K etoMeH. JHONCHKOTO KOHTEKCTY. Tlosiruka BioKpeMimoerbes Bi, pemi- rifttioro KyIpTy 4K BiHOcHO caMocTiitHui THHHMK, AK crpa- ‘veria JNOMCHKO! BoM Ta XUTpOMiB. A eTHOc TouNHae WisTH 1K nominanta cya — napoy, Orxe, dopmyerbes noniruwmnmii acuexr cBitoBoi icropit. Y upomy paxypci wa pydexi I ra I ric. Jo 11. e. THIOBHM Jbist icropwiHoro Tiporecy crac copmynarnsst BilicyKOBMX jep- xkaB Ta cBITOBMX imnepiit (THny HononanaonceKoro, Hopo- accnpiiicpKoro ta Mimificpkoro lapcrs). Immepevki nowirrani CIPYKTYPH BUCyBAIOTECH Ha Hepesmilt murat icropii. Bummkac TepoitnHit eroc, m0 octipye erlOxXy «BOBKIB Ta COKMp>, yc apunoc Tepois ak cy6’exris icropii. IcropwmMit Tporec ma- Gybac nacionapnux (opm, YOMy Bimronijae ycBiOMICHHst mpo Horo satexuicrs we TiHKH Bi Gora, a ii Bin nism ernocis Ta repoin, mo cram nopiGnumn jo Goris. Tloun- HacTbCA Tak 3Baa «repoiurta eoxa» — xapakrepycTuka icropii Kpaint ra Hapomi, AKA sacTocoByeTbea Halal H To inumx bas icropHunoro posBHTKy pisHoi xXporoTOriaioL BMSHayeHocn. OckisbKM TyT ifeTbCa NpO BHCyHerHst Ha Tepes Toran icropii Tux au inmmx ii ocoOnmBocteli, Ki icrynasa it panime B vorenniiiniit uw nemueperntiiionanili dopmi i muiue akTyaisynauicn B nesnmit repion ra posnunanncs HWISXOM Hanlapynantvt wa imi dasM icropwyunoro Mpouecy, TO BHMSOMY posyMinni siauny vactuny | THC. 0 IL. ¢, MOXKHa XapakTepH3yBaTH AK PO3KPHITH jamaMixn jtyxy, TOOTO Bry nena jyXOBHO! icfopii mMoONCcrBAa y BiHOCHO camocritninit Komnouenr, Fepion VIII—IIl cr. no a. e. K. SIcrepe H- 3HaWMB AK «ochoBMit Yac>, Came neii nepion i nicras y noci6unxy 10, [annenka rpymronny cuicremny pospobxy. B «ocponuii tac» BHIEMKaIOTR yXoBui TepeyMosn icropii antonersa: Tomepin enoc, irpiiiiceka «MaxaGxapara>, Oy)YUA3M, RAOCH3M Ta KondyyiancrBo, iiora, sopoacrpusM, amrnurta itocois, Crapuii anit, peniria aGcrpaKrnoro Gora (MonoTei3M) Ta inmmi sttawi zyxonni sma Ha wiit Gasi dopmyersca Baacte «Buyrpima icropia» IojtcrBa, ‘TO6TO Horo 3naTtticrh KO CAMOMOMCIOBANTI BIACHOLO POSBUTKY. AK chenmbimne 1ojopxKennA 1x NponeciB, are ma iene coniamuitt 6a3i, icropia 8 nepioy cepemtbonivud TouHtac postIAyaTHCh AK CKIAORA TAK 3Balloi «cBsmyenttol icropii» ra ‘rpaktynaTncs B KowTeKcri cracians i pimmiara. Ha mepimunit TIatl BUCyBaeTRCA TIpOGMema BiuoOcti; TOOTO YirTICTIO OTO- HOMIYETbeA WWE Te, WYO s6epiracrsca B icropii, TsKie 10 6oxol oco6u ak rapanta GesriepedHocti, aGcomoriocti, te- 3nmmemtocri. Hasire n03a peutiriitoro 3aG6apBilemtist, B KOT- ‘recri cyyacHocti Take posyMinns icropii 3 normy BidHocti (v06To Toro inpapiarrnoro 3MicTy, skKMii He MWHac, a 3aJIK- IWACTOM APXCTHIINHM) He Brpayac akryambHocri. Boro xa- pakTepu3ye MIpoaR Tak 3parlol MetTaicropii, icropit aK noyBury 30epexKeHHA cripawKHix winoctell, a He ix oMilm. 3 meraicropiero aconiioerbes niposienmiiina, sarporpa- mosana borom (44 y XX er. — KOMynicr#Huttoro yroutiero) ictopit, #Ka TROPHTECH 3a «CBAIICMHHMM> TeKCTaMH BUITOTO okpoBeHH Ta Tipoekty. Tam caMuM icropif Mafacrbes puTy- AUIBHO BUTTyBanMit CMHC — CTiaCiBIt! MON MHA Ta TWLAXAX, 9 CrpoeKTOBaHyX 2%ePTBOIO Xpuicra (“4 MeBHoro Kilacy), Ta maii6yrast Bimuara iit 3a comiatiry Hecnipanempicrh (Ha HeGecax 4H B KOMYHICTHUBIM nanedwni). I napemrri, B inteppani Bi, MOBOTO vacy 10 HaIIMX [HIB BHHMKae WianerapHa icropia, wo CHHTesye wooctbepy, (bopmaniiini 3p’s3ku cycriuncrsa ii vextoctbepy cyyactot nuBini3anii. Bora po3Kpunac Mice ONMHM y Beecsiri 1k peripesenranra BHUIX TBOPuIX MoxummBoctelt Yiinepcymy- "Tum CaMMM OllpaliboByeTbch KOCMIMEMIT KOMTEKCT POSBUTKY WWONChKUX CYTHICHMX CHT, a cama icropit ua Biaminy Bin OygeHHocri Moctac B epconanicTW4HOMY acrieKTi 1K XPOHO- erpyktypa sogcpKoi yom, acionapHali upoyec Po3sBuTKy snojicbkoi ocoOucrocri ‘Ta smilicHenna ii TOKTMKAnIE. ‘Taxi nyMKM Gesrocepeltiso BurLIMparore is Tipani IO. Tan- yeuKka, A ne 3Ha4MTb, 10 y LhOMy NOCIOHHKY KPHIOTbCA MOXOIMBOCTI, POSKPHITA AKHX TOTpeOye mesnoi yaBu. I sk “ura Oye cnomy4ark ii 3 peTesIbHHM OlpalioBaHHAM Ma- vepiany, TO Mepey HM roctTate cBitona icropis B ii He- ‘TpayMiiHMX, TO-HOBOMY BHCHITICHMX BUMIpax. CEPriit KPAMCbKMM, doxmop dinocogcoxux HayK, npocbecop BIZ, ABTOPA Cyctema ryMaHiTapHoi ocBiTH niepenSatae HabyTtt cTyAe@HTAaMM IWiliCHMXx 3HaHb Tpo coniOKYIbTYPHHM po3- BMTOK JHogcTBa. Moro po3yMiHHA.Mae cTaTH CBOEpIAHUM KapKacoM TyMaHiTapHoro 3HaHHa 1K TaKOFO, OCKUTbKY 6e3 3araibHoro GayeHHA Wboro Tipoliecy HeMOXIMBHM cTae if clicTeMHe ycBILoMJIeHHA oKpeMHX cbeHoMeHIB Kysprypu. Bupyenua icTopii cinocodii, penirii, irepa- Typ 4 OGpasoTBOpYoro MUCTELITBA MoTpebye Toro, jo6 joAWHA Maia YABJIeHHA T1pO PoSBHTOK Ta iHBa- pianTHi XapakTepUicTHKM AK oKpeMHX TBLNsaLiHX cucteM, Tak i 3afasIbHomO[cbKol uBiNisanii B WIoMy. Tomy icropia cBirogoi umBirisauii Mae 6yrm o60B’a3- KOBOIO CKaOBolO CydacHoi TyMaHiTapHoi OcBITH. 3a palsHcbKnx Yacin nogiGui yHKui Hamaranca BUKOHYyBAaTH icTopHyHHit MatepiamisM. CprorofHi BIH, 3naBatocs 6, y AKocTi odiniitHol JoKTpunH BxKe He BHCTYMae, pote albrepHaTHBM Hiomy B cHicTeMi ocBiTH Tak j He 3allpollovoBano. Cryer 3MyueHi Kopucty- Batvicd 3pe6uIbuLoro cTapHMM TipywHMKaMM, B AKHX pisHi ACHIEKTH COMOKYIbTYPHOro PoSBHTKy JUONCTBA TO- Tawi 3 oriany GesnaniiiHo 3acTapislol MapKCHcTCbKo-pa~ ASHCBKO! 1’ ATHAUCHHOL dbopManitinol cxemm (rieppic- Hictb, paSopiacHMurso, beomani3M Toulo); Gisbuie TO- ro, Hivoro Kpawyoro 3a Hei He SsHaloTh it VMMAaso BUKWagayiB, AKi (baxoBo He saliMasica binococbepKo- icToprraHoro TpobsiemaTHKoLo. Odinittumli pagsiceKult yxKe MaBHO cTaB OcTOpOHb peambHHX MpobseM KY TSTypOMOLiMHKX Ta cy- ciimpHo-icTopH4HEX HayK, avle 0 ocTaHHIx poKiB BH- 3HayaB KOBUeMTyaIbHMT 3MicT BiOBINHHX HaBUalib- wuX mucummin. Kai wickycii 20-x — mowaTKy 30-x, pokis, YuaCHMKM AKMX 3pe6imbLOro LHpo TparHys ocar- HYTH poSBATOK JUOscTEA B KaTeropisx MapkcoBoro ByeH- HA, ITB KO 3MinWIMcA HOTMaTHKOIO, cBOepiTHMM KatTexi- 3MiCoM soi crata rpaua W.Cranina «Ipo mianexraunit Ta icropHuHMii Matepianism». Bepcia MapKcHsMy, Ka yT- RepibkyBaiaca B Hili, crasia ietHMM TiarpyHtsim ocpinyiit- i Hol paysaucbKoi ryMawitapii. Oco6meo ormMaTHaHo Us AOKTputa BTisIO- Bamlacsl y TipyTHUKaX Ta HABYAIbHUX Iporpamax. Cwtyallit HeBHolo Miporo Touasa 3MinioBatics y 60-x poKax, KomM Tleperial HOPMaTH3My CTAIHCbKO{ OGM MpOXOLMB Mil raclIoM MoBepHeH- HA HO 3 fi Goxy, 3HaHuLio BUCBITICHIA B TIPYTHARY. Tle BulaHest KHIDKKH IUIKOM BiTBOpIOE Meplie, Ke mlo6auuno cit 1996 poxy ii Oyno cnpoGorIo cucteMaTH3allii yaBeIth Npo CONIOKYIb- TYpHMii pO3BMTOK JojIcTBa, Ki Oy O cyromociinmMi icTopM4iuM peamimm. 3a neil Vac aBTopebKa TOSMItist IMONO BIATOBILHOTO KONA T1po6 - SIeM TIpPVUWAIOBO He 3MinWiact. Mix THM Besaca poOoTa y HalpsMi GLI PIAGOKoTO OcMMCTENIA NHBLT3ANiNMX Mpouecis ynpoxoBxK XX crouitrs. 3 ii pesylbraraMa YHTat YoOxKe OsHalioMMruca 3a Moviorpa- (bicio M. 10. Taxomona, C. B. Kpumcpxoro va 10. B. Tassenka «lyr W Mepenyrba coppemcnnot taswuasartM (Kuis, 1998). Buaxkalo cBoiM 0608’ s3KOM BUCIOBUTH TIMGOKy Toyuky K, H. byra- rau, JI. C. Bacumneny, C. B. Kpuenkomy, 10. M. Tlaxomony Ta O. ¥. Moro- pilomy, migte crivIKyBaHHs 3 sIKAMH Y pisHi poku cupusio dopMyBa- Hilo abTopebKOro Garena OOpanol MpoOmemaTHKu. YACTUHA NEPLUA KOHLENUt LU COLLIO- KYJIbTYPHOrO POSBUTKY JODCTBA HA WAXY 10 HOBO- €BPONMEUCHKOI 2—-}-2b14 MInocooli IcTOPII ANTHW4He Ta CTaposaBiTHo- XpucTHsaHCbKe OayeHHaA KYNbTypHO-icTOpH4HOro npouecy Onniero 3 KTIOYOBHX Upobrem inocodii ic- Topii € MOjeMOBaHHA KYyJIbTypHo-icTopHy- Horo pyxy cycmisbeTBa, MMi, TAKUM cy po- 3yMiTH Tlo6yOBy sOJIChKOIO CBIOMIcTIO a6- cTparoBaHHX CXeM pyXY JNOICTBa y 4aci. A{BoMa oCHOBHAMM MeTadopHYHMMH Itpo- CTOPOBUMM MojiesIMM ictopHYHoro Yacy € upKiiuna Ta winitiHa. [uknigna nepepaxaa y NaByix wapilisaniax, Wo (opMyBamica Ha PpyHTi semnepo6crsa (Inia, Kutaii, anruy- HicTb), ale UposBianaca i B MisHinMx di- nlocodebKo-icTOpu4HHX cxeMax, AK y [6H- XamuyHa, JDK. Biko, M. 4. anmiescpbKoro un O. Lineurnepa. Jlinita ctae 1poBigHo1O B pemiriax, Ilo NpHHWWIM Jo yaBIeHHA mpo cBigomy qito boxoi Bos, 1Ka CHpaAMOBYEe pyx JOLCTBA TO MeBHOI MeTH: cllovaTKy, YacTKo- BO, Y 30poacTpH3Mi Ta, BxKe MOBHOHO Mipolo, Y MQBHbOMY iyfai3Mi, a TloTiM y XpvcTu- AHCTBi Ta icwami. Is Haparwerma chpuliHaTra icTopHuHoro Yacy i BH3HaYasa 3e6iIEUIOro HOBOEBPOMeticbKi YABIeHHA Mpo pyx icropii IK JUHif0 HeyXWIbHOro Mporpecy, u10 6ayHMo B KoHienuiax 2K.-A. Konmopce i K.-A. Cen- Cimona, T.B.®. Terems i O. Kouta, K. Map- xca i I. Crercepa. Luxnigna ta miniitia Mogeni ictopyaHoro yacy BHCTyNaioTh B AKOCTI OHMX 13 Haii3za- TaJIbHILWIHX KyJIbTYPHX APXeTHILB y TOMY po- 3yMiHHi, #Ke B Welf TepMiH BKMayaioTb cy- yacHi dbilocodbu, —— 1K HacKpi3HVIX CTPyKTYp, CUMBOJMHUX KOHCTpyYKUM, Korpi Yepes iH- Tepripetattiio WewmMppyloTEesd y pisHi o6pa3Hi YABNCHHA, aie He TOTOXHI OcTaHHimM. Yepes 17 Tiomi6Hi MexaHisMu BiNOyBaloTbcA paliionamisallia, yYMopsKyBAaHHA, Oc- MMCIeHH! HalipisHomManiTHiltoi 3a CBoIM XapakKrepom i 3MicToM indop-~ Maiti, 1Ky He MOXKHA OcATHYTH KoHKpeTHUMH HayKOBHMM MeTozama. Ha TpyHti apxeTumHoro o6pa3sy emnipvuHa ilicHicrh crpykrypyersca i Ha- ailsetaca sHauvenHaM. J[Bi HasBaHi Mogemi BUpPOMOBX ycici icTopii 1H Binisalii Tak Ut iHakiwe BYSHaYaTH PO3yMiHHA JNObMM CBorO MUHYIOFO, cyyacnoro i Mali6yTHboro, aye cami Li apxeTHnu Matorh rmGMHHe Ko-~ piHHA, WO carae HatiapxalyHiliMx WapiB KyIETypH. TloxomxkeHHat UMX 2BOX apXeTHIB CUpHitHaTTA Yacy, a BiTaK NisHiLwe UH icropii, Moxe 6yTH oscHeHe Ha ocHoBi KoHTernti bpaHtiy3spKoro etuosora A. Jlepya-T'ypaia IIpo 3B’930K Mix criocoboM 2KHTTA NepBicHHX Jiopeti Ta TumaMM ixHboro cnpuitHATTA NpocTopoBo-yacoBHx peaniii. SrifHo 3 Helo icHyloTb IBA THITM copuiinaTrA HaBKOMMUIHboro cRITY: AWHaMisHe (MaplUpyTHe), Mop’ s3aKe 3 pyxoM Yepes npocrip, Ta crarH4He (pajianbHe) — cnpuiiMsirta npocropy y Burgi KOHMeHTPUHHX KUT, 10 sracaloTb Ha o6pii. OcTaHne mputaMaHie 3emsepo6cbKiM cycnisiecTBaM, AKi OYJ NpHB’sA3aHi MO cBOTO cea (AKe YCRIOMMOETHCA eHTPOM Beecpiry) ta mpuserm4x fo HROYO romiB Ta ropopis. Mepuie € THHOBAM Wi KONeKTMBIB MMCIMBLIB i s04payiB paHHboi Meppicnocti, ame m0- COpaBKHbOMY poSBHBacTbCd Y CKOTapcbKHX cycilimberBax, oco6mHBo Ba cranil BinriHoro cKoTapeTBa Ta Mepexogy fo KovipymurBa. Mactyni iuieMeHa HoctiliHo Nepe6yBanM B pyci —- 0 MacoBNcbK, BOOLOIO ToNIo, a BILTAK i CBIT MofleMOETHCA BiTOBILHO MO o6pa3y Ninii-Mapurpyty. SrifHo 3 UMM i Yac cripuiMaersca M0-pi3HoMy ocismMH 3emsiepo6amit ta MoGimbHUMH cKoTapamn. J[na Mepiuux BiH MocTac AK 3aMKHYTWN UK Y BINNOBIAHOCTI MO piuHoro NMKAY 3MiHM ce30HiB Ta TocilozapcbKHX saHsitb. Kpyroo6ir uacy Mop’ a3yeTbca 3 OHOBMeHHAM Ta 3aBMHpaHHaAM TipHpogH, 3a skuMM BOaualoTEcaA NeBHi MicbomoriuHi peanii (cMepTS Ta BockpecinHa Jlionica Tammy3a, cxomKeniia wo Aigy Kopn-Tepce- chonm Ta TlopepHeHHa ii Wo Marepi Jemerpn Tomio), ane ocraHni nig- TIOPAAKOBAH WMKNOBI, TKMT yCBINOMJNOETECH AK Jolin, KOCMIMHMIT 3a- KOH, He 34lexKHMi He TUIbKM Big BON Wiopeli, a TKOMY NiKopsiorEca cami Sor. [le neppicHe yanleHHA 3 4acOM HaNOBHICETbCA HOBMM 3MiCTOM, i UKM NOMMNAIOTE O6paxoByBaTHCH CTOMITEAMM, THcsoITLAMM i HaBITD MitbitoHouirrmn (1K B iHMiMCbKMX 1OraX CTOCOBHO KocMocy AK TaKoro). Taka apxeTHIIHa KOHCTPYKIit JaBHbOSeMNepOOCbKOrO CIpHiiHATTA MpO- cTopy i 4acy, «IpHposHHi>, cI o6pasHocti (3aposKeH~ HA — 3pocTaHHA — po3KBiT — 3aHenagq — sarvGenb, aK y O. Lnexr- Jlepa), BUpasHo sacpiquyeTsca i B AHTHYHUX Ta HOBOEBporefvicbKMX Mosle- JAX icTop! Inime cnpuiinatra vacy Gyno mprtaMaHHe ckoTapam. Factyxu He MpHB’s3aHi Tak 2KOPCTKO 70 NeBHoi TepHTopii, i piyHMii KA He Mae WIA HEX Takoi BHSHAYANBHO! posi. Bona moctiifHo MepecyBaloTEca Bil OLHici MicneBocti 40 inimoi, i ixHiit pyx saBxK_M Uinecrpamopanuit. Mapuipytr Mlany€ BOXAb WH cTapiiiimHa, Ha NWsxy Tpe6a noyouaru neBHi Hepelll- KOgM, LO AKMX Wlem’s| Mae 3a3nanerigb UpHrotyBatuca, i AKIO po3yM Ta 18 KOA KepiBHAKiB i BCboro coniymy 6ygyrb Ha HavlexKHOMY piBHi, JOR AHAyTb QO MeTH. B TaKOMY CBiTOrMALHOMY KOHTeKCTI posh oKpeMoi ocoOM Mac MIPHHUMNOBO BaFOMilue 3HAaYeHHA, HK y TaBHboO3Semiepob- chkili KapTuui cBiry. ToMy He AMBHO, WO IpopoupKi pesirii, y cvicremi SIKHX Bi, CAMHX sOpel{ 3anexao ix Maii6yrHe o6inane Borom cnaciHHa (1K B 30poacTpHisMi Ta iymaismi), cneputy cbopMyloTEca came y THX JaBHix cycniibcTs, opranisanit AKUX BMpiLabHoIo Miporo GSyna nmoB’s3aHa 3 ‘TPAAMLAMH WacTyIWHX TuIeMeH: y HaBHIx Mepcis Ta eBpein. CxnagHi Midoictopiocodcpxi no6yfoBH, WO rpyHTyIoTBcsH Ha ap- XeTHmi cBiTOBOrO WKY, 6yH NpHraManHi LyXoBHHM Tpagmuiam bani ta Kuraio, OpMHa0B0 BITMIHHM ofHa Bin OHO! 3a GaraTbMa O3HakaMi. Ane TlocKi=bKM BOHM He Mam icToTHOro 3HayeHHA jit cbopMyBaHHA HoBoeBpollelichKoi Ta Halioi cyyacHoi :iocodcbKo-KyMbTypoNOriGHol ‘va (binocodepko-icropraHol Tpatuuii, NpH NoxambuoMy posriagi TemH Bi] H4X MOxHa abcrparyBatuca. Bapro mume 3a3HaqMTH, UO iM, 9K i iNMIMM ToxiGHMM cbopMaM cBiqomOcTi JABHBOCXINAMX UMBiNisaLtiit, 6yO IpHTaMaHHe ysBJIeHHs Mpo BHYTPILIHIO EfHicTh KocMi4HOrO Hi icropuy- 10ro, IIpo ix MeBHUii isomMopdi3M Ta BiZA3epKAyeHHA OAHOLo B iHUIOMY. Tloni6ve cnocrepiracmo i B Haliqapniutax mpinisaniax BavspKoro Cxogy. Tyr, y €rvmri ua Meconoramii, Tak camo Uplicyre BiguyTrt opraHiWHO! €HOCTI MpMpoxHOro Ta coujambHOro, ame (lO TAKOK HaaBHe b {yxXoBHit Kyyptypi Tawi i me Gimme Kuraio) na enHicrs 3 4acom HowMHa€ posnaflaTHcs, WO CHPHI€ HoMMpeHHio Cepeyl HeBHUX OCcBINeHHX kepcTB HaceJleHHA y yacHt MobalbHHX cycnimbHMX KpH3 i KatTacTpod biquaio HM TparivHocti cnpuitiatra oco6uctoi moni. AK rcaB i3 LbOrO upuBogzy B. M. Tonopos, «pariHa icropia faBHbocxinHHX NepxKaB VTBO- ploe Mone ABO6OIO MK KOcMoJOriYHHM Ta icTOopH4HHM NpWHIMTAMn... JlionMHa BIpayae 3B’A3OK 3 KOCMOJIOTi€IO, 3 KONMUIHbOIO TapMOHicio MAKPOKOcMOCcy, 3i BCeNeHCbKMM PHTMOM, ale we He 3HaXomHTb j10- claTHboro ofepta B icropii, He OGpocna icropH4HMMM 3B’s3KaMU, He bKopinwacs Ha icTopH4HoMy rpyxTi. 3Bigqcn BiuyTra HenpaKasHocTi, cCaMOTHOCTI, OesHaMiiiHOCTi, MO NopomKyBaM ecxaToNoriuHi BuniHHA Iitycepa ta Hecbepti... aki Biguysm xKax Hlepex sycrpivaio 3 icropiclo». Apxetun ukiiuHocti, upu rmmMOusniii inryinii isomopdismy ctaxis KocMOcy Ta CyCIIUIbcTBa, NOBHOIO Mipolo pO3KPHBAaeTbcd B AHTWUHIit rpanMatil, poKycyiouncs y dinocodil ictopii MLiamona (427—347 pp. no u.e.), aky O. ®. Jloces HasmBap octaHHboto j waliGimEUT 3pio10 dilo- cotpiero ictopii, uo Halexana aBHBorpelpKili AYMU B Hepiog ii Ka- CUHOPO PO3BHTKy. PinocoerKo-ictoprwuHa Moyen Tliatona Moxe posraszatiics 2K choepigna crrpo6a cuHTesy MicpoxorisHoi Tpagunii, BinOuToi, 30Kpema, y upaui Tecioga «Po6orm i aHi», 3a tKoIo (haz 36iqHiHHA NpHpogM 1a MopaJIbHOro 3aHenany jogeli BiMOBI_aloTh 30/I0TOMY, cpi6Homy, Miq- omy i sai3HoMy BikaM, Ta BYeHHs JleMoKpira rpo icropH4HMi posBHTOK. ‘IK HarpOMai>KeHHS KOpMCHUX OcATHeHb i 3poctaHHs KOMopTHoctTi ikutta. Kpim Toro, cBigomicts IWiarona mpocaKHyta iqeelo KocMiNHOTO ” 19 Kpyroobiry, paliioHasisopaHo10 ZO MeBHoi Mipu mxe y BueHHaX Tepawiira, Emnegoxna Ta iHiiix Hatypdinocopis Japysoi Tpenii. Tinatou cTBepmkye, LO CBITOBMIL pyxX, KOM Bin criprMopyeTsca 60- Yami, BIOyBaeTbCsA TAPMOHIHO, a KOJI BiOyBacTRCA CaM TO coli — cXMIAeTBCA MO XAOcy, pH TOMY Ui Bi (a3 YTBOPIOIOTb MOBHMt UWAKI. Keposannit Soran mlitiom 3abesnevye DOSKBIT IpHpos Ta ToKpawlen- a WOHCTBa, ale Micha KatactTpodiyHoro alaMy, AO s#KorO inoco BiMHOCHTS sarnGenb ATIAHTHAH, OYMHaeTbCA Merpagalis HpHpomM Ta JHONCTBA, AKa MpoxomuTb croi ca3H, s3icranosaHi 3 Bikami Tecioga. 3 yIBOpeHHIM flep2kaBit Ylnaton KoHKpeTH3ye Well MopabHult perpec y BUN 3Minu cbopM mpamtinHia (ruMoxkpatii —- Blan yecTomobuis, ouirapxii, qemMoxKparil Ta THpabii), KOXHa 3 AKAX 3a OIckyde POSKPHTOIO JOPIKOIO COUIAIbHO-TICHXOMOTITHMX SpyleHb MOposoKye HacTynHy, 1Ka Heo_MiHHo Tiplia, HDK TonepeaHs. . SAKujo Wpotarom yciei jeTopii TpeKo-PHMcbKoi uuebisanii B il cBi- noMocti HOMinyBana HMKITHa Monel yenimoMieHHs Yacy Ta icTopii, To wa Baesexomy Cxoni nocrae siniita icropiocodbebKa Mogemb. Tlopis- HIOIOUH §=OCHOBH HaBHBOrpelbKoro Ta cTaposaBiTHore CBITOPALY, C. C. Apepinies 3a3Hayae: «Tpeupkuit cBir —- ue «KocMoc»... inakile KaKYYH, 3aKOHOBIATOBITHA Ta CHMeTpHuHa MpocTopoBa CTpyKTypa. Bi6- item cBiT — He «O1aM>... infaKile KaxKyuH —~MoTIK Yacy, LO Hece y coi peti: cBir aK icropis». Beynepet nowmpenit nym P. Jbx. Kon- JHrByAa ULOLO piicyTHocTi ictop3my ¥ HaBHbocxigAit icropiorpapimnilt pana L. I. Beitn6eprom oGrpyHToBaHio TRepIDkeHUA, WYO Ha Bmn3bKo- my Cxogi cepesqwHn | Tuc. 00 H. e. icropusHa cpinomicth 6ysa i Tum posBuBanacs. Oco6mupo ue crocyerbes Oi6mimHoi Tpagunii, Je Brepiie y HOCHTb 3aBepilieHOMy BUPA TpaWiAerbed Inia Moseltb icTopwuHoro yacy. Y cpoemy ictopiocodcbKoMy ocopMieHHi Jinivina Mopelb BUABHUIACA opraHitio MoemHAHOIO 3 MoHoTelcTHMHoLO Konuermve!o Bora-Tsopia, skit MuciMBCA He YacTHHoIo KocMocy (aK 3enc) um Horo cy6crarmicro (ax Bpaxma), a s1KicHo BIMInHOW Bi MaTepiambHoro 6yrra Horo Tep- IWOMpHYHHo!O. 3 Te pulax cropiHox Bi6nii crmkacMocs 3 ineeio crBope- HocTi (a He CaMOropomKeHHa) KocMocy, AKI Mae [>Kepelo pyxy He B cobi, a Hag coboIo — y BUTIAL OoxecTReEHHUX posymy ii Boi. A aAKUIO CBIT CBIROMO CTBOpeHHH BHIOIO CHOI, TO He BIqGynocs 3apan NeBHoi MeTH, JOCaTHeHHA ski 1 Mae 6yTH KinweM cBiry. To6to cBIT Mae Tloua- tok (axT TBopiHHs), icTopito (nepebir mosili, TonoBHO B actleKTi wpa- MaTHaHMx B3aeMuH Bora 3 mogbMH) Ta bia (kinlenb cBiry). OcKUIbKU Tparivuvit nepebir TaBHboeBpelicbKol icTopil He 1aBaB MOXIIMBOCTI L{bO- My Hapogosi 6yTH 3aJoBoIeHHM CBOIM AilicHMM CTaHOBHIeM, owlKy- BAHHA Kpailol, i BKe ocraTouHol, Homi Hadysano ocobmmMBot eMomiifHoi cum. Hx mone 3 uporo UpmBony C. C. Asepiaies, «y KpH3opy ,o6y popokis welt ecxaTonorivHnlt ONTHMi3M, WO BHCHOByBaB Bix TipKoro chorogeHHa po nobpobyty Maii6yTHDOTO... waOyRaé WiKOM cTaloro BH- riany». Haliackpapitiie uel KoMIieKc igeit pentpesenropannit y Kuusi ripopoxa Icai, ocoOuHBo B ji 24—27 nichax, crBOpeHUX, IK BBaxKaAeTECA, YH3HiINe OCHOBHOLO TeKcTy. 20 Sik B paBHBOrpellpKil pinocodii icropii np AoMinyBaHHi apxeTHITy uiknismy B JeMoxpira HatBHe Ht qinitine GaxveHHa Tocryny JoycTBa, HO licBHOIO Mipolo BHIepempKae MporpecMcTcHki BYeHHAA Apyroi TomoBHHH XVIIL—XIX cr., Tak caMo i B Kopriyei Craporo Sasiry Knvra Exxuesi- “ta 3 ii WeifrMoTHBoM «MapHota MapHoT jretb yce Maprorta» Ta «Te, 10 Gymo, € Te came, mo byne; Te, HKO spo6ulocb, € Te came, HO 3pobHTEca. Hema Hitoro Hoporo mig, contieM» BisroBisae came apxeTHMoBi UAKI3MY- Birt 30BciM He 0608’ 13KOBO 6yp sanosnueHHit y TpeKiB, OCKUIbBKH jOMiHy- nap iB €runti, i y Jpopissi. ¥ KOKI 3 TBOX BeTMKHX MYXOBHUX tpagMiit AaBE MicTHTHCs o6vmpa apxeTHrin “acy, ale MpeBasoBaB skititcs oA — TMKTiNEH B eUtinis 1a sieve B iygeis. PaHHe XPHCTHAHCTBO MOBHICTIO opientypamoca Ha siniitHy jieropio~ codito Biémi, ane mopiprato 3 Kouuemnero Craporo 3apiry BHeCIO IIpHEMMTIOBO HOBHii MoMeHT — xpecHy CMepTb Ta BockpeciHHa Icyca 1K KyIbMinfaitito icTopHHoi Apamu. TcropuuHnit mporec 6yB posnitennii Ha uipi iKicno pi3Hi vacTHHM, #Ki MoH cepeHboBivHa TparMuit, 30Kpema B oco6i Iapioria KvipcbKoro, BA3HaYHTb AK no6y 3axory i n06y Braro- yati — wapers Bora-Orust i Bora-Cuna. Ane abcopOtia AaBHIM xXpH- CTHAHCTBOM AYXoBHO! crlaqummAM ANTHYHOrO cpiry, 3oKpeMa iiore ic- ‘ropHanoi Tpaquuil, crloHyKasa {foro TeopeTHKiB AO NeBHOro yeksaqHeH- ya caMoi JiHiifHoi cxemu. Le To-pisHomy 6ylo BHKOHaHO TaKHMH BM3HaYHMMM XPHCTHAHCHKUMM MMCJIMTeJLIMH MisHboaHTHYHOL Wobu, 7K Opiren Ta AprycTHH. Cuetema Opizena (61. 180-253 abo 254) € cBoepimHoI cbopmoio omonanHa THOCTHIM3My Ha rpyHTi XpvicTWHCbKoro HeoruiaTOHisMy. Jina Opirenia cit cklamaeTboa 3 GesKoHedHol Gesmivi cBITIB, Io BH- HUKaioTb i 3HUKaloTb, wie © YHKayibHMMM j cNagKoeMHo HoB’s3aHHMK Mbk co6o10. Bonu — cBoepisHi Matepianisonani (popMH, Yepe3 Ki TIpo- XOUATS AYXU, Io KomMcb Bisa pin Bora i renep, uepes 6esniu me- peBTieHb, MparHyTb io emHocti 3 HuM. Y cporo vepry i Bor Beiiako HaMaraersea MigTpuMatH ix y HboMy, He MopyillylowH BoHOTAC ixHBbol (byHzaMentabHOl BlacTuBocTi — cBo6oxM Boi, 3aBA1KH AKI BOHM Koch i Biman Biy HborO. Tlepexonsun Ho peambuoi ictopii, Opirer: praxkae, 110 Bor no-pisHomy clipusts HapowaM Ha HbOMy waxy. lyneis BiH YOMB Yepes Sakon, 10 6yB nant Moitceeni, Ta yepes Mpopokis, Ki ropopyi Big, Moro imeni, Tomi 1K Tpekip — yepes ixnix cbirocodis, y KOHIerILIAX SKHX, 30Kpema TInatoa, Ha Horo AYMKY, TAKOX nIpuicyTHA 6oroHaTxXHeHHa icTHHa. B igei, mo y MonepeiHi wacu MoaH imum no Bora 7BOMa WAxaMl, a pilrax Mt ictopia 3mivicHoBalacd To MBOX ainisx, Opired NpomomKye BIOMOTO eJLHHISOBAHOrO iygelicbKoro (bitocodba Pinona AneKcaHgpilt- cpkoro. Azle Ha BiNMiAy Bi, OCTAaHHbOrO Opirer: — cyto xplicTHaHcbKuit MMCIIMTeIIb, 1 TOMY KyJbMiHaryero icropwioi ApaMu Hit Hboro € caMe (pakr xpecuoi cmepTi Ta pockpeciniia Icyca. Le Big6ytoca, KOM . 3 mporo Yacy 30BHUUHIM cBiT Hepebypae Mig BanoIo TpiMHMKiB, ale B HbOMy 3’ABIMIOTEC Ht HoomMHOKi MpexctaBHnkn Mpapa Boxoro, sx Hoi, a 3 ABpaaMa BOHM YIBOPIOI0Tb cilaqKOeMHY HU3Ky — yepes ripopoxis Craporo 3apiry no Icyca, anocromis i xpucTHsHepKoi uepkBu. TakvM 4HOM, 30BHi BUIAgae, lo icropia posropTaeTECA aK vepra UMKJIB HaHyBaHHA CBITOBYX NepkaB, alle ii CTpwKHeM CTa€ «cBA- wWeHHa icropis» NpaBeqHUKiB, WHid TKMX cKManae ii LitieHMi smict. 3 MomeHTy cTpaTH Ta BocKpecina Icyca cyTHicTh cBiToBOi icropii KapAMHasIbHo 3Minioe TECH: «[3paiib Bo ToTi» (eBpeficbKui Hapom) BTpa- uae MaHgar Soroobpanocti, i Horo Micrie 3alimae

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