ORGANIC CHEMISTRY TUTORIALS

Q1. Homologous series and isomerism are some terms that are commonly used in organic chemistry.
Study the compounds below, which are represented by their structural formula.
A. H H H H B. H H H C. D. H H H
H −C − C − C − C − H H −C − C − C − OH H H H −C − O − C − C − H
H H H H H H H H −C = C − H H H H
H H H
F.
H −C − C − C − H H
E. H H G. H H
H H
H −C − C − H H C H
H −C − C = C − H
H H H H
a) Define homologous series
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b) Identify the homologous series to which A, B, D, and G belong
Compound Homologous series
(A)
(B)
(D)
(G)
c) Name the compound B and F
B : ………………………………………………… F : ……………………………………………..
d) i. Define Isomerism………………………………………………………………………………….
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ii. Identify one pair of compounds that are isomers. ………………………………………………..
iii. Give the molecular formula of the isomers. …………………………………………………….
e) Identify the compound that would give ethanol on hydrolysis in an acidic medium………………..
f) Give the empirical formula of G. ……………………………………………………………………

Q2. Crude oil or petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons whose fractions can be separated by physical
means. Heavier and higher boiling point fractions can be cracked to give lighter fractions.
a. What is a hydrocarbon?.................................................................................................................
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b. i. Name the method used to separate the components of crude oil.
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ii. Which principle is employed in this separation technique?
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c. i. Define cracking………………………………………………………………………………...
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ii. Write an equation to illustrate cracking.
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d. C3H8 and C3H6 are two organic compounds which belong to different homologous series.

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 i. Identify the homologous series in each case……………………………………………
ii. Describe a chemical test that can be used to distinguish between C3H8 and C3H6
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e. Give one environmental hazard of burning hydrocarbons.
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Q3. A hydrocarbon has molecular formula C4H10

a) Write down the
i. General formula of the homologous series to which the compound belongs
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ii. Name of the homologous series to which the compound belongs
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b) C4H10 can exist in more than one structural forms
i. Give the structural forms of the compound and name them.
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ii. What name is given to these structural forms?
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c) Write an equation for the combustion of C4H10
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d) Give the use of C4H10 in Cameroon
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Q4.
a) Alkenes are the main starting material for addition polymerization.
Complete the table below
Name of alkene Ethene Propene
Molecular formula C2H4
H H
Structural formula of alkene
C C
H H

Name of polymer made from the Polypropene

alkene
Structural formula of polymer
CH3 H

C C

H H

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 b) What is addition polymerization?....................................................................................................
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c)
H H
C C
H H
n

Is an addition polymer. What does n mean? ………………………………………………………………

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d) What common feature is found in all alkenes?...................................................................................
e) Use a simple test to distinguish between ethene and ethane
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Q5. In breweries malt is processed to produce beer which contains ethanol. The ethanol found in beer is
obtained from glucose.
a) Write two equations to show how glucose is obtained from malt.
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b) Give two enzymes which take part in the conversion.
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c) Give an enzyme which ferments glucose to ethanol and write the equation for the reaction.
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d) Explain why palm wine goes sour overnight.
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e) Give ONE use of ethanol.
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f) How is ethanol obtained from ethane?
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Q6. The organic compound A, with formula CH3CH=CHCH3, is very useful in many ways
a) Write the systematic name of A……………………………………………………………………...
b) i. Give the name of the homologous series to which A belong……………………………………...
ii. What is a homologous series?.........................................................................................................
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c) A reacts with hydrogen bromide
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 i. What name is given to this reaction type? ………………………………………………………...
ii. Write the structural formula of the product of reaction.
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iii. Give the systematic name of the product………………………………………………………..
iv. The product exhibits isomerism. What is isomerism? ………………………………………….
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v. Give the structural formula of the compound, which is isomeric to the product.
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d) State the reagents and conditions needed to convert compound A to CH3CH2CH2CH3
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Q7. A (CnH2n) and B (CnH2n+1OH) represent two organic compounds.

a) Name the groups A and B.
A : ……………………………………….. B : ………………………………………………….
b) Name the first member of each group
A : …………………………………………….. B : ………………………………………………….
c) Describe a simple chemical test used to recognise members of group B
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d) The third member of group B exhibits isomerism. Give the structural formulae of its isomers.
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e) Describe a simple chemical test used to recognize members of group A.
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f) Write an equation to show how the second member of group A reacts with hydrogen.
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Q8.
a) This question concerns compounds A, B, C and D and processes I, II and III
C3H7OH
I A
II
III
C2H5COOH C2H5COOCH3
C3B
H6 C D 4
 i. State the homologous series to which A and C belong respectively
A : ……………………………………………… B : ………………………………………………..
ii. What name is given to process I and process II
I : …………………………………………….. II : ……………………………………………….
b) Write balanced equations to show the conversion of: A to B and A to C
i. A to B :……………………………………………………………………………………………………
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ii. A to C : ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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c) Give the reagent and reaction condition for process III
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d) Draw the structures of two isomers of compound A
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e) If 80cm3 of a certain gaseous hydrocarbon weighs 0.14g at r.t.p. What is the molecular formula of
the hydrocarbon?
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Q9. The following reaction is used in the manufacture of ethyl ethanoate from C2H5OH and CH3COOH.
H2SO4
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
a) i. State the general name for the forward reaction …………………………………………………..
ii. What is the role of the conc. H2SO4 added?...................................................................................
iii. Give one large scale use of ethyl ethanoate.
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b) i. What does the sign represent?...........................................................................................
ii. State one way by which the yield of ethyl ethanoate can be increased.
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c) In the laboratory process, C2H5OH and CH3COOH are heated in a round bottomed flask attached
to a reflux condenser.
i. What is the major use of a condenser? ……………………………………………………………
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 ii. State a common physical test for ethyl ethanoate.
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d) Write an equation for the reaction between C2H5OH and
i. Sodium Metal ……………………………………………………………………………………………...
ii. Excess conc. H2SO4……………………………………………………………………………………….
e) Identify one raw material from which C2H5OH is made in large scale.
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