[Lad pt Tt Sonn MSE Syllabus MABABS Mathematical, 2 Hedi cticad Foundations Unik ° GCinestad_ Common _ Divirow emol Prime Pactovizotion 5. Cred , > The Cuclidlesr, Atgowthm, 4 the nolo entert ostth mehe 5 iumesalioe cine the Peamed umber . ° Congpvencer 5 3 §nboduElson do co ce Lined conpeunes » The Chinese setaindy: hoon Systems 1 Hiess{ congpeneneswee +) Gireatest, Gormmon. Diviaion, cicecee_ | let aomnd b be fuse even intagests an ushich octhiok one. ts ivan, Then rl gucatiat common chivisost ok acmd b clenolef by (eae bs the “pesitive dinkeg or A Auch Wala od dle aD St ela emd elb dahon Cc ad ack (10,15) =5 emcl a (a,b) = a ib alt. | Euchidls es he od fase ar ede cemel b com be oledestinin b Pie known cu / Euclidts al swith poh tg Od rere a4 a Let a and both oe eahve any 4 hon Bi ns gy crcl “Cy auch dhe a= bp, +83 OF HA —___@© _ i Cy division olgensthn] Agcdn A inkeguu oo amd ta octhet b= TY. tM, OF TAT ——® Conmtinuin Chis proce ce qt egi- vy = BY, + 7 OX T3 Tp ——@) Chen = HIVNt End OL HLTH VHD 2Q- — ff) Herve we have OFb7M 2+ ~~ @ hus, thee numbsu btom o decrsuing Aq poner non-neg aki ee yy wa ahot GV= 0 foo 20m] inteaent ha, Aha seh 4, eg us WV) to (4) ws aoe ie : a agevithn er qed (a,b): dhe geo 4Thensermd Let ce crn bb be pe aoe Samad det t= 0 a> Then tpi, ad the gc Al of. aed . Pov Fuom « eg” ® 6 Bache, “bein, te Thea = Wan tO " =) Bo! t2 «=——-® he OM, Lae. howe Bey = Trea Unat T-t = CVn + The Coning Oy = Fa Cm Vn Taro Gorinuting in his wey, we frat Seow, at Su atk q @ MWHa/a end TG! b. Thus; Th, Sabatier condi tion® ¢ @ froth, Ack ec difidks a ermd b - a bay a thot ¢ divides b amd a. BEML Te Hollows @ diviale yon Coin hus bsocds we ae nares Avidos 1TH + My 2 Tho Sh sodisbies con ditim, @ c. Mengde =F) Sh Theoseern 2:~ Yf curmelh bb ase « my tuso dntts qed Nel aaa ay Aven gea tons) exited cmd os UAig ue iD Gaistence ae rere gccllaiy) ds not affeeteal ou the pl oa =, Ga assume Shot beth acme b osw-betitin amd axrb- By division. algosath , a = by+} > 04H 2b —& 3 =O then, bla ork ea (a, by=b. , The, ged lab) ext5 £0 hen by divisionalgedthyrn , wo have bevtMdfi+t, , ONL Cw, — A =O then T]b omd Ahesaoate fer W% = Coyeyayeyy +01 = Taryeal] aan) \a Ack sla, alb 3 sla- bay = $\v, ed (ab) =T.. TRY ged (9,2) exivts - ' St Te. +D we re pee the Jpuocorss o THU psocess esiminadss 19 a os n. a Bm aAhu ways we will oyucrme ack Zerro SEM ia ent ep. Thus, tae have o Hts uancl of integeu wy such sheet 7 OS Ty Lay = LLM Sb, Ta-2= Than Ons cmd Hy = Ung) Thus, Th] 5 Th [en 5 ---. Talb ome) hla + Nov, i Sis Acommon Aivison A Aome b Lhen sbaand slb = sla-by Tear] = sls = sha SS\%n. 2. ged(Ob) =m. Thus, gest Coyle) existe. Uniquennras 8) dyemd dy muetwo gods aemet b then by definition 4 “ea na pe ema dord, adeds Ths shows thet gee (a,b) ia wore + ProvedNat ac a ax + he i xt 4 : a su tax) be d anc lyst P ae ytb eax + by 70> rT Vee Iola ne pana ent cL a er — ow ef4y lal of {bl eS «Truk S oe had : Pd watt ondering panct ple sg aN foot ament A= Ov + bye: 2 ®y detiniton, dclabt Rou by division algerthen we have at do. Cawed => w=lal- aq, = 20-1 (A%o+bYo) - a(t \~ wo) + b(~ Yor) The a the Josim aed TPO HheR -Hhis He bserentetio n implies nek WW aA mMembet S which, contrwadii Mnrdact hat a ia the deat anlage | ins. Thureboue , s=0 conmenperrttye jal=dq. P Ajial = ctla Simitakys we com shows thet Alb . Thus, Aw A CommMoN CLividDd\ aS aac: Now, if c Js om giprrosy potive common Alviaor aeond b te cla emel clb then clax+by = eld Thurs A as The eotmmmon Arvisos ao wna es ie @ [d= gealarb) sort by) Pod | “*7Sqseeengeseenee!" ee ‘med k Sa oma’ Ebigen rk Cea ,kb)= lk} (0, b) [tomptan = (onan Govt q "Ne eatin - ara ae thea exus integnus ae ty xh d= any by . 2) dk = x(ka) + y (eb) d\r | = dy | => djdk — ® Akio, dict calb = ak) ka. ome ak\kb i fihLy shouss, thet dk ws a CoTATHON OL ka em kb 4 ak|d, ——@> Farm @ oma EG, we hove Them AL a,b cure cen choo inligers ned Hele | =| (xa, kb) = (09) | Poovesl { Hote! Q 3 gest (a,t) = A shen ace (3-85 ei. Q) Male cme ble with gect Cay) = 1 the ablc. i At = IVIL +4 1R= Go 40, Hene m=O + Thenefosie Vs =F ute the sreapined €3@* Find the qed qd 108 gece = a ec ond 243, aes We have, 4 4 Ta +45q-= 243 = 109.9424 1O8 = 2404 +O How m=O Therefore 1) = 24 ds Phesenpivu! geal -el Fenmak, Numbers An methematics , Festenak nnenbert, normoot, | to Presoce de Rumat (1601- 1665) whe feat atldical ahem 5 Ly 2 positive indegen oh the’ fost fee (ion 2 4d, wheye nm dd ce None Ne: chive inte The list fous. Fermak ngimbous ot: 3,5 Pale L575 65587,...------ o H M+ 1 is pame anc kyo vcthen k must be. power Of 25 30 dK) is ce Fermed murmur, Such patme ae coiled fermat primes - Fo= 4, FRB Fa=lt > Fy = 259, fy= 65534 ane the o Cestrnect pame. : Ps = 4294084 244 divsibl: by O41 + Mus, Pe bs ce composite PUTNEY + ‘The (2% OY vem d: The Pesrmeet numba Fo it Vi viable 4 CAL. q pra Shy we doke a = J ema b = S then =a Yeab = 14 25 =1+ 640 + GAL Jtab- = 14 (a- Bb 1+(%_ 68)5 1 4 Cing-129)5 LHeie =lG.e2. Also, " " n n Now, 5 2s for Fay = P41 of = Achat = Cizab-B)a +) = (t+ aly)at 4i- tp i = (tab)[ot + Cet ate . = GA Lata U-db 4 ohh Ths sh = Shows hot GAL, mall= Malte 2) 4 2 = Fe (Poh Fer) * 2 = FoR. oad Tris chouss thet the sosutt Amue ip w=bk-#+ when dk ww tstuc Jos m=k-l- / Hence, by mathernatical trcluction the geven. soul, Oi. due tg or UL integral valu, a mr AM) Fesmatis Facktosd’zation iT) ’ Aethod’ Let vv bo crm octeh positive Integesy wehich is the Aiffoenen “get! of fwd vindegou ie., = (x-y\ ery) Converuel) 4h meal, a>b be 1 then we Com cont ? 5 - (arth - cog) YT as cm odd ievteget » we Shave ¢ cad bb itl be oda imtegascs amd conse aprendkhy (stb) orm (s5b) with Soe mon- Teg edive tidy.” Ex iv Use Fesmat’s methoct te factor LO5AL. Sot Brom the table 4 JoppLosts , UAC get a yor? < 1OSALS LOB. we have to considery che veuloes dk 10641 for ky 108. Taking k = 103,104, .... uae howe, a2 JOBAL = 1oG0I~1OS41 = 69 104° — LOHAL = LOVIG— 1064) = ATS 108'— sossl = WO2y —Jos4y ABA -ox => j05'— 99 = LOS41 =) 10641 = (os-22)06+22) = SB Xp “These Gur dhe Seaqsnburs| Aactoss -ij ener, a+b e len, 4 bey : (eee (6 92 (2 rh (4 ‘ *) Tho. on the ser gyriner oh {' ac akom 4 1 QL filanize 491% ly Euan 1 fe chovizakiy trothoct . api ys ude dhave , a 0 AQ% =13 4198 Abo, 41% = 4” 37 20° Tho, 1374192 — 224 092 2 1997? = 997-19" (15-2) (19d) © (99-19) (22-418) 10 “1G = Ax49 Now, (16,40) = QR(lo,4) = 2 omd 1G = 2:8 AR = 5-8 POs eg: A = 9.9 This gives % = 5,%-2, kh =2eml £=2, Thurefone. ; u WV (0? 402) te +f) ” (5 os (as +4) (A464) 1 24 x14 | Thu, the seqpoced pected aye 24 ernc\ efee (©) We ane ; A-aA =O =O.m = m|(a-a) =) a=a (modi m) Gt a sb (moclm) =) ja-b =) m\{e-9) =>baa (moet) : fi) a=bl(medm) , b= c (mod m) =>m]Ca-b)» mile-o) = |] (a-b)+lb-O => m/\(a- >aec (moelm) - ty a= blmedm) > ¢ =al(mecl™) > mab >» mie-Ad > mi (a-b)4+(c-d) > mI (a+c)-(b+d) ~ (a+ =o +a\)(modm) ears aabtkm, c=clakom = ac = (b+km) (d+ kom) = bat kdm +kabm +k kent = bd + ™ (kid +keb thi kom) = m|(ac—ba) > ac = ba (mdm) ) a=bCmodm) = mIo-b) => m|farce)- (ot) W) azblmdm) t= +c)(madmd) = m\@-b) = mi (a8) Eat = (a-b) (a4 at?b So* =% (modm) = eee> The Unray congturenes, 1% = b (mod m) Aaa tution ThE dib kane, d= orm) eos We draw ebsenved thot the Uneue congsteane tix =blmed m) Js equeivediint to the Uindas. Mebhontine eqyproction. ax-my eb whith 3 Soluble iy dlb. a Cres 0) “is its solution then w= %et PH , Yayo t St cue Hie othor solution - We consider the colation Moy Kot My Kot AM = Mo Now, aac shalt sheus thet there solitons oe amudualty Ln congsucent solution } the Lenco conguue aa cm, ax =b(mod m)- Ve i Ss = %o+ yh (moctm) , 044d Sd we have oe, = to (mod m), ——— © a Ci “O29 hk = 4, (mod m) => Al (ee- 4) But thy wo impestible ak OL $a- ti Zab TR2> Lek ox =b(mod m). Gain = Then the ors en exer hy, aS incer ub 2? We rhove breach shown athet e+ at fa thy sodutione 4 the giver. bina cengsuene Ve ove #0 shout thot they OO exactly el incongruent ackuctlont (mod m)- Ry AivisionL aloo nctbm swe home &=qd+yY. ushene0S ¥Sd-1- (moct m). vant golwne