Study On The Application of Reuse and Recyclable M

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IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1210 (2023) 012019 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1210/1/012019
Study on the application of reuse and recyclable materials in

designing the regional commercial interior spaces
A Mrinalini1, Dr Kumudhavalli Sasidhar2 and Dr D Jayanthi3

1
Assistant Professor, Rajalakshmi School of Architecture, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India,
E-mail: ar.mrinalini7@gmail.com
2
Professor, Faculty of Architecture, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, Tamil Nadu, India,
E-mail: ar.kumudha@gmail.com
3
Professor, Faculty of Architecture, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, Tamil Nadu, India,
E-mail: tdjayanthi@gmail.com
Abstract. The environmental crisis experienced by the world today has created an awareness
about the need for sustainability in building industry. Both materials and the technology, used
by the designer, affect the environment directly or indirectly. Hence, it is the responsibility of a
designer to choose and use the materials that tend to leave a smaller carbon footprint. The
objective of the current study is to explore the potentials of using the reusable and recyclable
materials and how these can be incorporated in designing the interior spaces. The methodology
of the study is in two folds, firstly the types, sources and applications of reuse and recycled
materials, issues and limitations in using the reuse and recyclable materials is studied through
secondary data. Secondly, the net cases and live cases of the interior projects that adopted the
application of reuse and recycled materials are studied and analysed to understand the potentials
of using these materials and how it is incorporated in designing the interior spaces. This study is
limited only to commercial interiors. The outcome of the study will help the research community
to understand about the application of these materials in commercial interiors. This way, the
design can be developed in a sustainable manner in terms of cost and aesthetic appeal for a
sustainable future.
Key Words: Sustainable Architecture, Interior Architecture, Reuse materials, Recycle
materials, Green Interiors
1. Introduction
As the world experiences numerous environmental challenges, three steps can be taken to achieve
sustainability. Reduce is the first step in which the idea is to use as few raw materials as possible and
use only, what is absolutely necessary. The second step is reuse, which aims to replace the commonly-
used materials with the available ones. The third option i.e., recycling is used, when the materials cannot
be reused or its consumption cannot be reduced. Thus, such materials are processed and used for a
variety of purposes in interiors. Amongst the above three steps, reuse and recycle form the scope of this
research paper.
2. Literature Review
2.1. Significance of sustainability in interior design

For an effective performance of any building, the designing of interiors contribute the most (Ali Basim
Alfuraty, 2020) [1]. Sustainability is highly important in designing the interior spaces. The types of
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
building materials, chosen for the interior projects, are important in interior design process, as these
materials can result in a sustainable design, when it is carefully chosen and utilized (O.A. Soliman,
2013) [2]. Sustainability can be achieved primarily through designing and applying the sustainable
concepts. Materials, products and the system used in the interiors contribute to a good sustainable design
(M. M. Reham and MohieEldin, 2017) [3]. Sustainable design concepts and methods create comfortable
and liveable interior spaces for the people to pursue a healthy lifestyle (Ni Ming (2017) [4]. Francis D.
K. Ching, a renowned author in his book, ‘Interior Design Illustrated’ states that, the design of the
interior spaces supports the sustainability in the following ways such as the reduction of energy
requirement by efficiently-designed lighting fixtures, design for disassembly, using materials and
finishes from the refurbished and recycled materials and avoiding waste during the installation of interior
components (Francis D. K. Ching, Corky Binggeli, 2017) [5]
The increasing demand of new construction activities results in the increased consumption of energy,
resources, and raw materials. This phenomenon in turn results in the increased carbon content in the
air, which is hazardous to the environment. As a result, the usage of sustainable materials becomes
important in exterior as well as interior of the buildings (Akshay B. Mokal, Allaudin I. Shaikh,
ShamashreeS.et.l, 2015), [6]. It is a wiser way for both architects as well as the interior designers to
integrate the sustainable design concepts in buildings.
The incorporation of sustainability concepts in buildings leads to green buildings. Green building is
defined as a structure that provides a healthy, comfortable, and a safe living environment, while the
aim of the whole life cycle process of the building is to maximise the resource efficiency and
minimize the environmental effect, and it is also known as the sustainable building envelope. The
design of green buildings should begin with the selection and use of sustainable materials such as
recyclable, reuse and sustainable production of the products and using the green resources (Usman
Aminu Umar, M. F. Khamidi and Hassan Tukur (2012), [7]. Interior designers should understand the
fact that through green design concepts and the selection of sustainable materials, the quality of the
space can be enhanced and the impact on environmental degradation can be reduced (O'Reilly, Tillie
M, 2018) [8]
2.2. Role of Recycle and Reuse as the components of 3Rs in the sustainability of interior design
Recycling of waste materials is of great significance to the conservation and utilization of the material
resources. It can improve the concept of sustainable development, ecological design and green design
(Wenming Liu,2020) [9]. Peter O. Akadiri, Ezekiel A. Chinyio and Paul O. Olomolaiye (2012)
suggested that the reuse of the reclaimed building materials and products should be viewed as a
significant approach in the reduction of construction and demolition waste, generated as a result of
cyclical building activities, which are in turn environmental ethical problems that have to be dealt by
the architects and interior designers as well [10]. The usage of waste and the recycled materials in
interiors lowers the costs, provides viable solutions to environmental concerns, reduces the consumption
of raw materials and also lowers the dependence upon natural resources (R.R. Singh and Anjali Jaglan,
2018) [11]. By making use of the refurbished, recycled, up-cycled, local and renewable or certified
materials, various goals of the sustainable interior design can be achieved. Hence, an interior designer
must be aware of the sustainable materials and its construction methods at both regional as well as
national/international levels. Ceiling and flooring tiles, steel, countertops, wallboard, flooring, carpets
and furniture are some of the refurbished materials that can be used from old and dilapidated buildings
(M. M. Reham and MohieEldin, 2017) [12]. Paper, cardboard, glass, plastics, tyres, metals, ceramics
and electronics items are some of the possible materials that can be recycled and used in interiors as
partition walls and other elements (Jasmina, Amelija, Ana and Zoran (2018) [13].
3. Methodology
Phase 1: To collect the secondary data, a survey of the from literature and internet (multiple case studies)
was conducted to understand the concept of 3Rs of sustainability and its applicability in interiors, types
of reuses and recycling the interior materials with its sources and the issues and benefits of employing
2
such reuse and recycled materials in interior architecture upon green rating and as an approach to
sustainability.
Phase 2: Phase 1 was followed by appreciating the interior design projects at international level, where
the concept of reuse and recycling of the materials had been applied.
Phase 3: A comparative analysis of all the secondary case studies was conducted
Phase 4: A primary survey was conducted involving 10 selected live studies at regional level within
Tamil Nadu, which are prominent projects that have adopted the ‘Application of Reused and Recycled
Materials In Designing interiors.’
Phase 5: - A comparative analysis of all the 10 live case studies was conducted.
Following is the list of analytical processes–category mapping, material coding, followed for every case
of the interior project, considered for this paper.
• To classify and map whether the material used in the project is either Reused material (RU) or
recycled (RC) one
• The materials used are coded as follows:
• Glass-G/ Glass bottles-GB/ Timber-T/ Metal-M/ Hollow concrete blocks –CO/ Container – C
• Gadgets -GT/ Furniture-FU/ Fixtures-FI/ Roof tiles-RT/ Floor tiles – FT/ Mirror -MI/ Doors-D
Windows-W
• Source of the reused and recycled materials was identified
• Coding of Place of application in the interior
• Furniture -FU/Accessory A/Artefact-AR/
• Defining the planes- wall-W/partition- P /floors- F/ roof tiles – R/ false ceiling-FC
• Components - doors -D, windows -W/ Lighting Fixtures-L
• If an entire building has been adaptively reused, then the
• Role played-
• Identity(I)/Cost Effectiveness (CE) /Energy Efficiency - adds point value to green Interior rating
assessment (GR)/ cultural continuum (CC)
Phase 6: Based on the analysis and discussion, a conclusion was arrived at.
4. 3R’s -Reduce, Reuse, Recycle as strategies for sustainability

In general, three measures can be followed to achieve sustainability while the world encounters severe
environmental concerns. The first phase is to reduce which aims at using as little raw resources as
possible and just, what is absolutely necessary. The second phase is reuse, which tries to employ what
is already on hand to replace the widely-used commodities. When the use of materials cannot be reduced
or reused, the third alternative i.e., recycling is adopted. The materials are subsequently treated and used
in interiors for a wide range of functions.
4.1. Reused materials

Reuse is a practice of reusing something, for its original use (traditional reuse) or for a new use (creative
reuse or repurposing). It is important to distinguish Reuse from recycling since the latter is a practice of
dismantling the old goods to produce raw materials so as to manufacture the new ones. Concrete,
masonry, brick, wood, insulation materials, doors and windows, structural steel, reinforcement and mild
steel may all be easily removed and reused. It has the potential to manufacture high-quality products
that are readily available to the people. Materials from the construction and demolition works, household
and daily use objects also have a high potential for reuse. (Figure 1)
3
4.2. Recycled materials

Materials that can be recycled from the construction sites include steel from reinforcing, wire,
containers, paper, cardboard and wood. Materials that are generally recycled from the
deconstruction/demolition sites include asphalt paving, chain link fencing, concrete blocks and
ornamental concrete, paving stones, bricks; metals, electrical, plumbing fixtures, timber fencing, doors,
windows, light fixtures and live trees.
4.3. Benefits of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle materials

The benefits of reducing, reusing and recycling the materials are plenty, which can be classified into
three types. The first is the environmental benefits by which the pollution of air, water and land gets
reduced, thus the demand for new natural resources also reduces. In turn, this phenomenon contributes
to reducing the global warming phenomenon. The second benefit is community based in which the
resources are distributed to various underprivileged communities. Economic benefits is the third one in
which the resources are reused in the place of making new items from raw materials and the economy
is less burdened.
Figure 1. Reused materials from the household/ daily use object (Source: Internet
https://www.diyncrafts.com/6081/repurpose/100-ways-repurpose-reuse-broken-household-items/2 )
4.4. Role of Reuse and the Recycled materials in green building evaluation
In India, the construction industry is expanding rapidly and making a significant contribution to the
country's economic prosperity. In the last decade, this sector has embraced the sustainable design and
construction approaches, putting India on the international map of green buildings and the built
environment. Though the term ‘green’ was first used to describe the commercial buildings, it is now
used to describe a wide range of structures and communities. In light of this, the Indian Green Building
Council (IGBC) has constituted a technical committee to develop the green interior building standards.
4
After extensive consideration, this committee has developed a pilot grade to define the guidelines for
designing the sustainable interiors.
Sustainability in interior design process contributes to green rating. Recycling and reusing of the
demolished building wastes help in reducing the embodied energy, when it is used in construction of
new buildings thus resulting in green rating (W.Y. Ng and C. K. Chau, 2015) [14]. If reuse and recycle
building materials are not used in construction industry, then the environmental pollution is expected to
get doubled by 2050 with the current scenario of rapid urbanization (Sumateja Reddy.V, 2016) [15].
Thus, the sustainability practices in interior design help in environmental conservation and ecological
balance (Otjela Lubonja and Albina Dervishi, 2019) [16]. IGBC (Indian Rating system for Green
Interiors) [17], addresses sustainable aspects of the green interior design under several modules, one of
which is green interior materials. As per the IGBC Rating System, Green Interior Materials, the usage
of the recycled materials gain 3 credits and 4 points, salvaged materials gain 4 credits and 2 points, eco-
friendly wood-based materials (recycled waste wood) gain 5 credits and 6 points and purchase of green
consumables (using the recycled papers) gains 7 credits and 2 points. Based on the points and credits
earned, different levels of green building certification are awarded.
5. Case studies
While the environmental concerns have serious consequences across the globe, three measures are to be
followed to attain the sustainability. The first phase is to ‘reduce’ that aims at utilizing the least possible
raw materials and use what is only absolutely necessary. The second phase is reuse, which tries to
employ the available materials to replace the widely-used commodities in a phased manner. When the
use of materials cannot be reduced or reused, the third alternative i.e., recycling is adopted. The materials
are subsequently treated and used in interior designing process for a wide range of functions.
5.1. Net case studies – Secondary case presentation
5.1.1. Case 1: Pizzikotto restaurant. Andrea Langhi designed the Pizzikotto restaurant, located in Italy.
This restaurant has a unique interior design that incorporates a variety of repurposed materials. Majority
of the wood, utilized in this project, was reclaimed from the packaging materials. The bathroom is
housed in a shipping container. Water bottles were utilized as pendant lighting and the overall effect is
informal and cheerful.
5.1.2. Case 2: Snackbox. Snackbox is a mobile restaurant in New York, designed by Edifica & muvbox.
This was made as an adaptive re-use of a 6-metre-long shipping container as a mobile restaurant, in the
middle of New York.
5.1.3. Case 3: M.B. Post restaurant. The M.B. Post restaurant is housed at the Manhattan Beach Post
Office Building and was designed by SJ Jones Architects. The restaurant is decorated in a vintage look
and made from the salvaged materials. The walls are made up of reclaimed bam wood. The light fixture
was fashioned from a 1954 bicycle. In addition, the room dividers are old-fashioned postal holes.
5.1.4. Case 4: Duas de Letra. Cafe Bernardo Amaral designed the Duas de Leta café located in Porto,
Portugal. It is an area with plants climbing the walls and the interior design was made from the salvaged
materials. The architect opted to employ the reclaimed materials such as ancient doors, iron staircase
and other components, which helped in revitalizing the space.
5.1.5. Case 5: Colonie restaurant. Colonie, a New York restaurant, used the recycled wood for its tables,
floors, and ceiling. It also boasts an all-recycled wall that holds up to 20 different plant species. The
repurposed items include a steel beam discovered on the restaurant's roof that now drapes over guests
as a chandelier. The recycled church seats were transformed into banquette tables. Colonie's style is
modelled after an urban barn home with an industrial twist of wrought iron.
5
5.1.6. Case 6: Solerebels store. Dom Arquitectura + Asa studio designed the Solerrebels store with
minimum materials, neutral hues and a sustainable décor. The shop is located at Barcelona, Spain. Shoes
are exhibited on the racks constructed from the reclaimed wood pallets. The atmosphere is indeed natural
and pleasant. Ropes, wheels, and a U-shaped iron form are the other recyclable elements utilized in the
design.
Figure 2. Case 1: Pizzikotto Figure 3. Case 2: Figure 4. Case 3: Pizzikotto

restaurant interiors. (Source: Snackbox. (Source: Internet restaurant interiors. (Source:
Internet https://www.homedit.com/how- Internet
https://www.homedit.com/how- commercial-spaces-use-recycled- https://www.homedit.com/how-
commercial-spaces-use-recycled- materials-in-beautiful-designs/ ) commercial-spaces-use-recycled-
materials-in-beautiful-designs/ ) materials-in-beautiful-designs/ )
Figure 5. Case 4: Duas de Figure 7. Case 6:

Figure 6. Case 5: Colonie
Letra Cafe interiors. (Source: Solerebels store. (Source:
Internet restaurant. (Source: Internet Internet
https://www.homedit.com/how- https://ethicalfoods.com/recycled- https://www.homedit.com/how-
commercial-spaces-use-recycled- materials-restaurants/ ) commercial-spaces-use-recycled-
5.1.7. Case 7: Levi strauss pop-up boutique. The Levi Strauss pop-up boutique is located in Auckland.
RCG designed the boutique. The key problem for the project was to design the store at a low cost. To
6
do this, while still incorporating the company's classical and cool concepts, the architects utilized the
materials such as raw wood, rope, upcycled furniture and pallets.
5.1.8. Case 8: Glore Sustainable Store. Glore is a sustainable retailer in Stuttgart, Germany. This is the
first sustainable clothing store in Germany, designed by Marcos Aretio and Udo looks. The interior
design concept was influenced by bicycles. Fruit boxes were used to construct the interior design
whereas the recycled cardboard was used for lighting fixtures. And a slew of antique bicycles that have
been disassembled and imaginatively used around the store.
5.1.9. Case 9: Pet pavilion. The pavilion is 227 m2 in size and was built in 2014. This design was made
by the Design Team Michiel de Wit, Filip Jonker, and Martijn Giebels using Project DWG and
LOOS.FM. It is made up of two enormous slabs, held together by a steel framework. Over 40,000 plastic
bottles are stored from the floor to ceiling on double-walled transparent corrugated sheets. During the
day, the translucent mass of the crumpled forms lights the inside. By night, the gigantic drapes transform
into an abstract lantern in the landscape.
Figure 8. Case 7: Levi Figure 9. Case 8: Glore Figure 10. Case 9: Pet
strauss pop-up boutique. Sustainable Store. (Source: pavilion. (Source: Internet
(Source: Internet Internet https://www.homedit.com/how-
https://www.homedit.com/how- https://www.homedit.com/how- commercial-spaces-use-recycled-
commercial-spaces-use-recycled- commercial-spaces-use-recycled- materials-in-beautiful-designs/ )
5.1.10. Case 10: Barstool Made of Recycled Corks from Phase

Design. Phase Design created this bar stool using the corks from the repurposed wine and champagne
bottles. All the corks were collected in a type of polyester mesh, which is then coated with vinyl. This
tiny framework is then put on the top of a steel structure comprised of thin tubes that are molded together
to form a stool.
Figure 11. Case 10: Barstool Made of

Recycled Corks from Phase Design.
(Source: Internet https://www.homedit.com/barstool-
made-of-recycled-corks-from-phase-
design/?utm_source=more-inspiration-single )
7
5.2. Live case studies –Primary case presentation

Case study (Selective projects) with analysis and description (pictures captured by the authors – multiple
images were added for a single case study in order to convey the researcher’s observation and study
through photography documentation as well).
5.2.1. Case 1: The Vault - Bar stock exchange. This case is located at Venkatanarayana Street, T Nagar,
Chennai, India. Interior spaces like bar zone has a bar counter made up of reused green beer bottles that
are glued to one another. These illuminated green beer bottles form the bottom of the counter and has
an exposed concrete on its top. For the DJ console, hollow concrete blocks are used with spot lights.
The beams are covered with plywood while the ceiling is left open. It has a video wall that displays the
fluctuating drink rates and televises the cricket matches. Reusable mechanical parts are displayed on the
exposed brick wall as an industrial theme. The stairs leading to the underground bar are made up of
geometric handrails, painted in yellow and black.
Figure 12. Case 1:

The Vault - Bar
stock exchange
(Images taken by author)
5.2.2. Case 2: Radio room – Bar. This case is located at Greenways Road, Chennai, India. Here, a large
container is used as wall panels and as a comfortable seating zone. The DJ console table is made with a
vintage transistor, around 90 radios, speakers and semiconductors from the Moore Market (reused) that
are spray-painted with white color and are used under the counter. The central seating has a high counter
with leather-finish barstool. It has minimalistic furniture with yellow, blue and grey fabric and a wall
art of Jimi Hendrix with task lighting. The elevated seating is of reused round leather ottoman. The
microphones from the past are reused as light fixture with sparkling lights within.
Figure 13. Case 2: Radio room –

Bar (Images taken by author and few images
are sourced from Zomato.com)
5.2.3. Case 3: House 22 café. This case is located at St. Thomas Mount, Chennai, India. Being a 150-
year-old mansion, located at Chennai, it is artfully restored by their founder and has been adaptively
reused as a vintage café with an event deck and a designer boutique. The architectural elements have
been reused in interior wall, floors and roof finishing materials. The interior spaces are furnished with
reused and antique furniture like wooden tables, chairs and drawers with typical colonial detailing. Old
electrical fixtures like fan and switch board were restored and used. Traditional lime wash has been used
for the entire building. This is painted in accordance to the vintage feel – white color scheme for exterior
8
and yellow patterns in white wall on the interior. The open wells are covered and retained as a cultural
artifact.
Figure 14. Case 3: House 22 café (Images taken by author)
5.2.4. Case 4: Luz Café. This case is located at Luz, Chennai, India. This 200-plus year old house is
preserved and given an adaptive reuse, as a destination for the events. The whole building was restored
carefully (all the architectural elements like red oxide flooring, nattu vodu, arches and façade elements
have been cleaned) and interior spaces were furnished with reused or antique furniture and restored
electrical fixtures. The roof tiles from the remains of demolished buildings were used as roof finish.
Figure 15. Case 4: Luz House (Images taken by author)
5.2.5. Case 5: Amethyst. This case is located at Royapettah, Chennai, India. This is an adaptive reuse of
a warehouse as a café with a wild garden along with an Indian clothing boutique and a flower shop. This
is a lovely retreat in the centre of Chennai and also serves as a venue for shows, book and poetry
readings, musicales, film wireworks and conversations. Amethyst is a dynamic setting which
9
continuously changes its antique cabinetwork and art as well as a lush theatre. Here, the reused old
furniture, wall hangings, doors, windows, fans and lighting fixtures are
used.
Figure 16. Case 5:
Amethyst (Images taken by
author, plan drawn by author)
5.2.6. Case 06: Wood House. This case is located near Cochin International Airport, Kochi. The home
is entirely built of wood (Wooden floors and walls) with repurposed and reused old doors, cabinets and
artefacts made from the recycled materials. The pillars, furniture and crafts are made of reused timber.
The recycled hardwood products were used to treat the inside wall facades. This is a reconstruction of a
typical Kerala wood home.
Figure 17. Case 6: Wood House (Images taken by author)
5.2.7. Case 7: Smoke Factory. This case is located at Uthandi, Kanathur, Tamil Nadu. A portion of the
restaurant is situated in the recycled shipping container. The container is situated on a grassy lawn which
provides a lots of room around it. In the center, a little fountain gurgles. Beyond that, there is a sitting
further in the thatched huts. Next to the restaurant, a container model home is present for the visitors to
get to know the shipping container home ideas. Container exterior were painted by the local artists.
10
Figure 18. Case 7: Smoke Factory (Source

– Internet Zomato.com)
5.2.8. Case 8: The Port café. This case is located at Kodambakkam, Chennai. This is a shipping
container that is adaptively reused as a restaurant.
Figure 19. Case 8:

The Port Café
(Source – Internet
Zomato.com)
5.2.9. Case 9: Batlivala and Khanabhoy– Restaurant. This case is located at Teynampet, Chennai. This
is a Parsi eatery in Chennai that looks like one of the homes of the past. Here, the old doors, windows
and mirrors that had been reused in the interior spaces, are furnished with reused furniture. A huge cut
dressing table is set halfway and the divider is covered with vintage promotions.
Figure 20. Case 9: Bativala and Khanabhoy Restaurant (Source – Internet https://distinguished.restaurant/bativala-
khanaboy-in-chennai/ )
5.2.10. Case 10 1947 – Restaurant. This case is located at Thousand lights, Chennai. This uses the
reused lighting fixtures, cot, Uruli – bronzeware vessel, metal sliding grill and wooden steps in its
interior spaces.
Figure 21. Case

10: 1947
Restaurant.
(Source –
InternetZomato.
com)
11
6. Analysis
6.1. Net case studies- Secondary case analysis
Figure 22. Analyzing the context of usage of reused and recycled materials, in the selected case
studies through secondary sources, to decipher the scope of its usage to make interiors sustainable.
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6.2. Live case studies- Primary case analysis
Figure 23. Analysis-Evaluation of the usage of reuse and recycled materials in regional
commercial interiors
13
7. Conclusion
As per the re-contextualization and discussion of the secondary cases, roof tiles, rafters, timber, glass,
furniture, electric gadgets, fixtures, doors and windows, are some of the materials reused across the
globe. Shipping containers had been adaptively reused to create the planes - floor, wall and the ceiling
to enclose the interior spaces for various new purposes. Glass bottles and plastic pet bottles, bubble
water bottles, tiles and timber are recycled and used as interior materials. These are employed at the
planes’ level to form ceilings, floors, walls, partitions, furniture, artefacts and lighting fixtures. The same
is also visible and experienced in the regional case done as a live study. These cases at, international
and regional levels, show how materials from the construction and demolition waste, daily use object
and trash can be transformed to other beautiful design elements and construction materials in interiors.
These reused and the recycled materials play a unique role in creating identity, cost effectiveness,
energy efficiency and add credits and point values to the green interior rating assessment. It also
helps in narrating the past and enhancing the cultural continuum. It also contributes in the creation
of experiential interior spaces. Interiors, designed with reuse and recycle materials, are one of the
best efforts for influencing and inspiring the people to adopt a positive attitude towards the value
system that holds the old as highly precious.
As we find the application of upcycle and the upgraded materials in interiors to be highly functional,
practical, successful, characteristic, cost-effective and energy efficient to a level of making the
building green-rated, it contributes primarily towards the green environment. Further, it is suggested
that the architects and interior designers can consider this as one of their main stream concepts,
wherever feasible, to help in achieving environmental sustainability, a concept that is very much the
need of the hour, both regionally and globally.
The above cases exemplify the success of using reuse and recycle materials in commercial spaces.
Also, it proves that this technique is a way in which the old materials can be saved and reused instead
of getting dumped as waste for no-use. It is also an interesting and an efficient approach to sustainable
architecture. Hence, it becomes the responsibility of all the builders, developers, architects, interior
designers, community groups, heritage councils, individuals and all the levels of government to reuse
and recycle the waste and bring it back into interiors to give it a rebirth.
8. References
[1] Ali Basim Alfuraty (2020), Sustainable Environment in Interior Design: Design byChoosing
Sustainable Materials, 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Engineering
Techniques(ICSET 2020), IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 881 (2020)
012035, IOP Publishing.
[2] O.A. Soliman, (2013), Perception of building materials in architecture, Journal of Engineering
and Applied Science, vol. 60, pp 1-6.
[3] M. M. Reham and MohieEldin (2017), Sustainable interior design for homes, Indian Journal of
Science and Technology, Vol 10 (15), pp 1 to 10
[4] Ni Ming (2017), Research on Application of Green Concepts in Interior Design, 2nd International
Conference on Education, Sports, Arts and Management Engineering (ICESAME 2017),
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 123, pp 1328- 1331
[5] Francis D. K. Ching, Corky Binggeli, (2017), Interior Design Illustrated, John Wiley & Sons, pp
48-51
[6] Akshay B. Mokal, Allaudin I. Shaikh, ShamashreeS.et.l, (2015), GREEN BUILDING
MATERIALS – A Way towards Sustainable Construction, International Journal of
Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 4, Issue 4, April
2015, pp 244-249, Web Site: www.ijaiem.org.
[7] Usman Aminu Umar, M. F. Khamidi and Hassan Tukur (2012), Sustainable Building Material
for Green Building Construction, Conservation and Refurbishing, Management in
14
Construction Research Association (MiCRA), Postgraduate Conference,

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Study on the application of reuse and recyclable materials in

A Mrinalini1, Dr Kumudhavalli Sasidhar2 and Dr D Jayanthi3

2.1. Significance of sustainability in interior design

4. 3R’s -Reduce, Reuse, Recycle as strategies for sustainability

4.1. Reused materials

4.2. Recycled materials

4.3. Benefits of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle materials

5.1. Net case studies – Secondary case presentation

Figure 2. Case 1: Pizzikotto Figure 3. Case 2: Figure 4. Case 3: Pizzikotto

Figure 5. Case 4: Duas de Figure 7. Case 6:

5.1.10. Case 10: Barstool Made of Recycled Corks from Phase

Figure 11. Case 10: Barstool Made of

5.2. Live case studies –Primary case presentation

Figure 12. Case 1:

Figure 13. Case 2: Radio room –

Figure 14. Case 3: House 22 café (Images taken by author)

Figure 15. Case 4: Luz House (Images taken by author)

Figure 17. Case 6: Wood House (Images taken by author)

Figure 18. Case 7: Smoke Factory (Source

Figure 19. Case 8:

Figure 21. Case

6.1. Net case studies- Secondary case analysis

6.2. Live case studies- Primary case analysis

Construction Research Association (MiCRA), Postgraduate Conference,

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