HUMIDIFIKASI

Dew point, relative humidity,

Wet bulb temperature, pendinginan adiabatik

Rinette Visca
 HUMIDIFIKASI

• Tujuan Pembelajaran Umum

Mahasiswa mampu : melakukan perhitungan dalam humidifikasi.

• Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus

Mahasiswa mampu:
• membaca psychrometric chart,
• memahami dew point, relative humidity, wet bulb temperature, pendinginan
adiabatik
 Psychometrics Properties pada Udara
1. Dry air (Udara kering) : It is a mixture of oxygen (20.91%) and nitrogen
(79.09 %) by volume (campuran oksigen dan nitrogen berdasarkan
volume atau udara yang tidak mengandung uap air).
2. Moist air (udara lembab): It is mixture of dry air and water vapour (campuran
udara kering dan uap air).
3. Saturated air (udara jenuh): Air which have maximum amount of water
vapor. (udara yang mengandung uap air dalam jumlah maksimum)
4. Dry bulb temp : It is temperature of air recorded by ordinary thermometer with
clean and dry sensing elements.(td or tdb)
5. Wet bulb temp : It is temperature of air recorded by thermometer when its bulb
is covered with a wet cloth.(tw or twb)
 Psychometrics Properties pada Udara
6. Wet bulb depression : It is the difference between dry bulb temp. and wet bulb
temp.

7. Dew point temp.: It is the temperature of air recorded by thermometer when the
moisture present in the air begins to condensed (Suhu udara yang tertera pada
thermometer saat uap air di udara mulai berkondensasi).

8. Dew point depression : It is difference between dry bulb temp. and dew point
temp. of air (perbedaan antara suhu dry bulb dan dew point pada udara).

9. Specific humidity or Humidity ratio (W) : It is defined as mass of water vapour

in unit mass of dry air. w= mv/ma
10. Degree of saturation or Percentage humidity ( ) : It is the ratio of mass of
water vapour in unit massof dry air to the mass of water vapour in the same mass
of dry air when it is saturated at the same temperature.
 = w/ws

11.Relative humidity : It is the ratio of actual mass of water vapour (mv) in a given
volume of moist air to mass of water vapour (ms) in the same volume of saturated
air at the same temp. and pressure.
 = mv/ms

12.Enthalpy of moist air : (H) It is total heat contained in moist air. It is sum of
sensible heat and latent heat of moist air.
 Proses Psychrometric
The process of changing and affecting the psychometric properties of the moist air are
called psychometric processes. (proses yang memengaruhi dan merubah kandungan
kelembaban udara disebut proses psychrometric)
Prosesnya meliputi:
1. Sensible heating 7. Cooling and dehumidification
2. Sensible cooling 8. Cooling with adiabatic humidification.
3. Humidification 9. Adiabatic mixing of two air streams.
4. Dehumidification
5. Heating and humidification
6. Heating and dehumidification
 Properties Udara

 Dry-bulb temperature
 Wet-bulb temperature
 Dew-point temperature
 Relative humidity
 Humidity ratio
Dry-Bulb Thermometer
Wet-Bulb Thermometer
 Kondensasi terjadi pada Dew Point

© American Standard Inc. 1999 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC001-EN

 Kabut muncul saat udara jenuh

© American Standard Inc. 1999 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC001-EN

 Relative Humidity
…describes the degree of saturation

Amount of moisture that a given

amount of air is holding
Relative =
Humidity
Amount of moisture that a given amount
of air can hold
 Relative Humidity
…compares moisture content to saturation

50% 100%
(saturated)
 Humidity Ratio
…compares water vapor to dry air, by weight
 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
(Grafik Psychrometrik/ Humidity)

 Menggunakan grafik dalam menganalisa proses

yang berhubungan dengan kondisi udara
 Psychrometric
Chart

© American Standard Inc. 1999 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC001-EN

KONSEP DASAR
 Constant Dry Bulb Temperature
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA 210
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

190

180

170

160

150

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF

140

130
Constant Dry Bulb Temperature
120

110

100

90

DRY AIR
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 10

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

 Saturation Line
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA 210
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

190

180

170

160

150

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF

140

130

120

Staturation Line 110

100

90

DRY AIR
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 10

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

 Constant Humidity Ratio
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA 210
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

190

180

170

160

150

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF

140

130

Constant Humidity Ratio

120

110

100

90

DRY AIR
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

 Constant Relative
Humidity
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA
210
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

190

180

170

160

150

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF

140

130

Constant Relative Humidity 120

110

100

90

80

DRY AIR
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

 Constant Specific Volume
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky U S A
210
BARO M ETRI C PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

190

180

170

160

150

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

140

130

Constant Specific Volume 120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Linric Company Psychrometr ic Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEM PERATURE - °F

 Constant Wet Bulb
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Temperature
Lexington, Kentucky USA 210
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

85
190

180

170
80
160

150

Constant Web Bulb Temperature

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF

140
75

130

120
70

110

100
65

90

60
80

DRY AIR
70
55

60
50

50
45

40 40

35
30
30
25
20
20
15
10 10
5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

 Constant Enthalpy
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA 210
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

190

180

170

160

150

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF

Constant Enthalpy 140

130

120

110

100

90

DRY AIR
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 10

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

 Constant Enthalpy danWeb Bulb
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA 210
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

85
190

180

170
80
160

150

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

Constant EnthalpY dan 75
140

Constant Web Bulb 130

120
70

110

100
65

90

60
80

70
55

60
50

50
45

40 40

35
30
30
25
20
20
15
10 10
5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

Typical Chart With Enthalpy Lines
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
210
Lexington, Kentucky USA 1.3
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury
200

85
85
190 1.2

180

1.1
170

80
80
160
1.0

150

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF

140 .9
75
75

130

ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF

.8

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF

120
70
70
110
.7

100
65
65
.6

MERCURY
90

DRY AIR
60
80 60
.5

DRY AIR
70
55
55

60 .4
50
50
50
45
45 .3

40 40
40
35
30 35 .2
30

DEW POINT -
30
25
20
20 25
15 20 .1
10

°F
5 10
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 -20

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

Typical Chart Without Enthalpy Lines
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
210
Lexington, Kentucky USA 1.3
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury
200

85
85
190 1.2

180

1.1
170

80
80
160
1.0

150

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF

140 .9
75
75

130

ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF

.8

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF

120
70
70
110
.7

100
65
65
.6

MERCURY
90

DRY AIR
60
80 60
.5

DRY AIR
55 70
55

60 .4
50
50
50
45
45 .3

40 40
40
35
30 35 .2
30

DEW POINT -
30
25 20
20 25
15 20 .1
10

°F
5 10
10
0
-20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

Latihan Soal Cara Membaca
Psychrometric Chart
 Contoh soal

 95°F DB (dry bulb)

 78°F WB (wet bulb)
78°F

72°F

95°F
 State Point

Sea Level Chart

Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%
State Point 70 F 210

200

190

180

170

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

160

150

140

130
Constant Dry Bulb Temperature 120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

Dry Bulb 70
State Point 60%
 Wet-bulb

Sea Level Chart

Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%

Wet-bulb temperature = ? F
 Wet bulb
Sea Level Chart
Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%

Wet-bulb temperature = 61 F
 Dew Point

Sea Level Chart

Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F Relative
humidity = 60%

Dew point = ? F
 Dew Point

Sea Level Chart

Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%

Dew point = 55.5 F

Dew Point
 Humidity Ratio

Sea Level Chart

Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%

Humidity ratio = ?
 Humidity Ratio
Sea Level Chart
Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%

Humidity ratio = 0.0094 lb water / lb udara kering

ENTHALPY
Sea Level Chart
Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%

Enthalpy = 27,2 Btu/lb udara kering

Sensible Heating
 Mix point Aliran Udara

ma1 Kesetimbangan Energy

h1
ma1 h1 + ma2 h2 = ma3 h3
w1

ma3
Kesetimbangan Massa
h3
w3 ma1 w 1 + ma2 w 2 = ma3 w 3

Dengan konsep aljabar

ma2
h2 h2 – h3 = w 2 – w 3 = ma1
w2 h3 – h1 w 3 – w 1 ma2
Cooling atau Pendinginan
Sistem Pendinginan
Sistem Pendinginan
Evaporative Cooling
 Psychrometric chart: Soal 1
Soal T = 25°C Tw =20°C
(a) RH, (b) Tdp, (c) HR, (d) v, (e) h
Jawab :
57.5 kJ/kg Udara kering.

20.0°C 63%

17.6°C 12.6 g/kg d.a.

25°C
0.86 m3/kg d.a.
Sensible Heating atau Pendinginan

 Suatu proses psychrometric yang melibatkan

kenaikan atau penurunan suhu udara tanpa
merubah humidity ratio
 Misalnya melewatkan udara lembab pada heater dan
kiln yang melewati heating coil
1 2
Sensible heating: contoh soal
T2=60ºC T3=70ºC
Tw2=50ºC Tw3=?
RH2=58.8% RH3=?
 287.0 kJ/kg d.a.

275.5 kJ/kg d.a.

51°C

50°C
2 3

60°C 70°C
 Heating dan Humidifying
 Suatu proses psychrometric yang melibatkan
kenaikan dry bulb temperature dan humidity ratio
pada udara
 2

1
0
 Heating dan humidifying: contoh soal

Kristal gula dikeringkan pada 60C dry bulb temperature dan 52C wet bulb
temperature. drying rate sebesar 12.5 kg air per jam. Jika suhu ruangan
sebesar 27C dry bulb temperature dan 80% relative humidity, berapa udara
yang dibutuhkan per menit untuk menguapkan air ?
52°C

92 g/kg d.a.
2
1 18 g/kg d.a.

27°C 60°C
0.87 m3/kg d.a.
 Heating dan humidifying
HR = (92.0 – 18.0) g/kg udara kering
= 74.0 g/kg udara kering
wa1 = drying rate/HR
= (12.5 kg/jam)/(0.074 kg/kg udara kering)
= 168.9 kg udara kering / jam

VF1=(wa1)(v1)
=(168.9 kg udara kering/jam)(0.87 m3/kg udara kering)
= 147 m3/jam = 2.45 m3/menit
PENDINGINAN ADIABATIS
Gas yang mengandung campuran udara dan uap air dikontakkan dengan spray air.
Gas yang meninggalkan memiliki kelembaban dan suhu yang berbeda dan proses ini disebut adiabatik.
Air diresirkulasi dengan penambahan air makeup.
Suhu air yang beresirkulasi mencapai suhu steady-state yang disebut adiabatic saturation temperature, TS.
Jika gas dengan suhu T memiliki humidity H yang tidak jenuh, Ts akan lebih rendah daripada T.
Jika kontak antara gas masuk dengan spray droplets mampu mencapai kesetimbangan gas dan liquid, maka
udara yang keluar dijenuhkan pada saturation S, dengan humidity Hs.

total enthalpy gas masuk = enthalpy gas yang keluar

Pendinginan Adiabatis, contoh soal :

Aliran udara pada suhu 87.8°C memiliki kelembaban H = 0.030 kg H2O/kg udara
kering dikontakkan dengan air dalam adiabatic saturator. Lalu didinginkan dalam
cooling tower dengan 90% saturation.
(a) Berapakah dry bulb temperature T ?
(b) jika 100% saturation, Berapakah dry bulb temperature T ?

Jawab :
(a) Titik H = 0.030 dan T = 87.8°C terdapat pada grafik psychrometric. Kurva
adiabatic saturation diteruskan ke kiri hinggga ke perpotongan garis 90% pada 42.5°C
dan H = 0.0500 kg H20/kg udara kering

(b) Garis yang sama mengikuti hingga 100% saturation, dimana T = 40 C Dan H= 0.0505
kg H 20/kg udara kering
 REFERENSI BUKU
• Perry : Chemical Engineering Handbook
https://chembugs.files.wordpress.com/2015/12/perrys-
chemical-engineering-handbook1.pdf

• Geankoplis : Transport Processes and Unit Phenomena

https://www.academia.edu/36865213/Transport_Processes_an
d_Unit_Operations_Geankoplis_pdf
http://wuccycling2018.uminho.pt/geankoplis-transport-
processes-and-separation-process-principles-solution-
manual.pdf
Terima Kasih