SELF INSTRUCTIONAL PACKETS

BASIC CALCULUS (GRADE 11 STEM STRAND)

WEEK 3

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts of limit and
continuity of a function.

B. Performance Standards
The learners shall be able to formulate and solve accurately real-life problems
involving continuity of functions.

C. Learning Competencies
The learners
1. illustrate continuity of a function at a number; (STEM_BC11LC-IIIc-1)
2. determine whether a function is continuous at a number or not; (STEM_BC11LC-
IIIc-2)
3. illustrate continuity of a function on an interval; (STEM_BC11LC-IIIc-3) and
4. solve problems involving continuity of a function. (STEM_BC11LC-IIId-3)

D. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. illustrate continuity of a function at a number;
2. determine whether a function is continuous at a number or not;
3. illustrate continuity of a function on an interval; and
4. solve problems involving continuity of a function.

II. CONTENT

UNIT 1: Limits and Continuity

Lesson 1.4: Continuity

Learning Resources
A. Reference
• Department of Education. (2016). Basic Calculus Teacher’s Guide. (1st ed.). p52-63
• Mercado, J., & Orines, F. (2016). Next Century Mathematics Basic Calculus. p66-87
• dela Cruz, P., Maderal, L., & Valdez, M. (2018). Basic Calculus for Senior High School.
p52-63

III. PROCEDURES

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson.

First, let us recall the last lesson we’ve discussed about Exponential, Logarithmic,
Trigonometric and Special Functions. Here is the summary of the previous discussion:

• Determining limits of exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions can

be done by looking at a table of values and looking at the graph.

• It is important to note that whenever the given function is a trigonometric

function, the given values to determine the value of function are assumed to be
expressed in radian measure since there is no degree symbol that indicates the
given values are expressed in degree measure.

25
 sin 𝑡 1−cos 𝑡 𝑒 𝑡 −1
• The three special functions 𝑓(𝑡) = , 𝑔(𝑡) = , and ℎ(𝑡) = . These
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
functions are vital in the computation of the derivatives of the sine, cosine and
natural exponential functions.
s
B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

Continuity of a function describe its graph whether it contains broken part at a

given number or interval. When it is unbroken at a number or interval then the function is
said to be continuous. This means that it has no “holes”, no “jumps” or no “gaps”.

Observe the following examples:

Continuous Functions Discontinuous Functions

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

CONTINUITY AT A NUMBER (AT A POINT)

A function 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be continuous at the number 𝑐 if all the following three
conditions are satisfied.
a. 𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠
b. lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠
𝑥→𝑐
c. lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐

If any one or more of the above three conditions fail, the function 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be
discontinuous at a number or point 𝑐.

EXAMPLE 1: Determine whether 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟐 is continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟏.

Solution:
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑓(𝑐) = 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 lim (𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟐) lim (4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2) ≟ 𝑓(1)

𝑓(1) = 4(1)2 + (1) − 2 𝑥→1
2
𝑥→1
𝑓(1) = 3 3 =3
= 4 ( lim 𝑥) + lim 𝑥 − lim 2
𝑥→ 1 𝑥→1 𝑥→1
= 4(1)2 + 1 − 2 Therefore,
lim (𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟐) = 𝟑 lim (4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2) = 𝑓(1)
𝑥→1 𝑥→1

Since 3 is a real Since 3 is a real number; therefore,

number; therefore, 𝑓(1) lim (𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟐) exists.
𝑥→1
exists.
Answer: Based on the solution, we can say that 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 is continuous at 𝑥 = 1,
because the three conditions were satisfied.

26
 𝒙𝟐 −𝟗
EXAMPLE 2: Determine whether the function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙−𝟑
is continuous at:
(A) 𝒙 = 𝟎 (B) 𝒙 = 𝟐 (C) 𝒙 = 𝟑
Solution:
(A) 𝒙 = 𝟎
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑥 2 −9
𝑓(𝑐) = 𝑥−3
𝑥2 − 9 𝑥 2 −9
lim ( 𝑥−3 ) ≟ 𝑓(0)
lim ( ) 𝑥→0
02 −9 𝑥→0 𝑥 − 3
𝑓(0) = 0−3 2 3 =3
−9 ( lim 𝑥) −lim 9
𝑥→ 0 𝑥→0
𝑓(0) = = lim 𝑥−lim 9
−3 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
𝑓(0) = 3 02 −9
=
0−3
−9
= −3

𝑥2 − 9
lim ( )=3 Therefore,
𝑥→0 𝑥−3
𝑥 2 −9
𝑓(0) exists. 𝑥 2 −9 lim ( 𝑥−3 ) = 𝑓(0)
lim ( 𝑥−3 ) exists. 𝑥→0
𝑥→0

𝒙𝟐 −𝟗
Answer: The three conditions were satisfied, therefore, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝒙−𝟑
is continuous at 𝑥 = 0.
(B) 𝒙 = 𝟐
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑥 2 −9
𝑓(𝑐) = 𝑥−3
𝑥2 − 9 𝑥 2 −9
lim ( ) ≟ 𝑓(2)
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) 𝑥→2 𝑥−3
22 −9 𝑥→2 𝑥 − 3
𝑓(2) = 5 =5
2−3 2
−5 ( 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥) −𝑙𝑖𝑚 9
𝑥→ 2 𝑥→2
𝑓(2) = =
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥−𝑙𝑖𝑚 9
−1 𝑥→2 𝑥→2
𝑓(2) = 5 22 −9
= 2−3
−5
= −1

𝑥2 − 9
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )=5 Therefore,
𝑥→2 𝑥−3
𝑥 2 −9
𝑓(2) exists. 𝑥 2 −9 lim ( 𝑥−3 ) = 𝑓(2)
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 𝑥−3 ) exists. 𝑥→2
𝑥→2

𝒙𝟐 −𝟗
Answer: The three conditions were satisfied, therefore, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝒙−𝟑
is continuous at 𝑥 = 2.
(C) 𝒙 = 𝟑
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑥 2 −9
𝑓(𝑐) = 𝑥−3
𝑥2 − 9 𝑥 2 −9
lim ( 𝑥−3 ) ≟ 𝑓(3)
lim ( ) 𝑥→3
32 −9 𝑥→3 𝑥 − 3 0
𝑓(3) = 3−3 ≠6
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3) 0
0 lim [ ]
𝑓(3) = 𝑥→3 𝑥−3
0 lim ( 𝑥 + 3)
𝑥→3 Therefore,
= lim 𝑥 + lim 3 𝑥 2 −9
0 𝑥→3 𝑥→3 lim ( 𝑥−3 ) ≠ 𝑓(2)
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 0𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒, 𝑓(3) =3+3 𝑥→3
does not exist. 𝑥2 − 9
lim ( )=6
𝑥→3 𝑥 − 3
𝑥 2 −9
lim ( 𝑥−3 ) exists.
𝑥→3
𝒙𝟐 −𝟗
Answer: Since two conditions were not satisfied, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝒙−𝟑
is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 3.

27
EXAMPLE 3:
Investigate the limit of the continuity of the function
−𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≥ 𝟑
𝒇(𝒙) = {
𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 < 𝟑
Solution: Since the given function is a piecewise function and it involves inequality(𝑥 ≥ 3 & 𝑥 <
3), we assume that the point to test where the function is continuous at is the number in the
inequality. Thus, we are testing if the give function is continuous at 𝑥 = 3.
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
For condition, you will For condition b, both pieces of the
pick whether the first or function will be considered since we lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≟ 𝑓(3)
second piece will be are after the limit of the function. To 𝑥→3
considered for the existence of the limit, we are 𝐷𝑁𝐸 ≠ −2
evaluation. Thus,
considering the limit to the left of c lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(3)
𝑓(𝑐) = −2𝑥 + 4 and to the right of c. (Recall: 𝑥→3
𝑓(3) = −2(3) + 4 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑳 if and only if
𝑓(3) = −6 + 4 𝒙→𝒄
𝑓(3) = −2 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑳 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒎+ 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑳)
𝒙→𝒄− 𝒙→𝒄

𝑓(3) exists. lim (−2𝑥 + 4)

𝑥→3
= −2 (lim 𝑥) + lim 4
𝑥→3 𝑥→3
= −2(3) + 4
= −6 + 4
lim (−2𝑥 + 4) = −2
𝑥→3
lim (−2𝑥 + 4) exists.
𝑥→3

lim (𝑥 − 1)
𝑥→3
= (lim 𝑥) − lim 1
𝑥→3 𝑥→3
=3−1
lim (𝑥 − 1) = 2
𝑥→3
lim (𝑥 − 1) exists.
𝑥→3

Since lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ lim− 𝑓(𝑥),

𝑥→3 𝑥→3
therefore, lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝐷𝑁𝐸.
𝑥→3

Answer: Since two conditions were not satisfied, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 3.

EXAMPLE 4:
Investigate the limit of the continuity of the function
|𝒙 + 𝟏| 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≠ −𝟏
𝒇(𝒙) = {
𝟑 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 = −𝟏
Solution: Since the given is a piecewise function, we will use the conditions (𝑥 ≠ −1 & 𝑥 = −1)
for each piece and assume that 𝑥 = −1.
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑓(𝑐) = 3 lim (|𝑥 + 1|) lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≟ 𝑓(−1)

𝑓(−1) = 3 𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1
= | lim 𝑥 + lim 1| 𝐷𝑁𝐸 ≠ 3
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1 lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(−1)
𝑓(−1) exists. = |−1 + 1| 𝑥→−1
= |0|
lim (|𝑥 + 1|) = 0
𝑥→−1

28
 lim 3 = 3
𝑥→−1

Since lim + 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ lim − 𝑓(𝑥),

𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1
therefore, lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝐷𝑁𝐸.
𝑥→3

Answer: Since two conditions were not satisfied, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at 𝑥 = −1.

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1

CONTINUITY ON AN INTERVAL

✓ CONTINUITY ON AN OPEN INTERVAL

A function 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous on an open interval (𝑎, 𝑏) if it is continuous at every
point on the interval (𝑎, 𝑏).

✓ CONTINUITY ON A CLOSED INTERVAL

A function f(x) is continuous on a closed interval [a, b] if:
1. It is continuous on the open interval (𝑎, 𝑏).
2. It is continuous from the right of a.
a. 𝑓(𝑎) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠.
b. lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠.
𝑥→𝑎
c. lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑥→𝑎
3. It is continuous from the left of b.
a. 𝑓(𝑏) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠.
b. lim− 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠.
𝑥→𝑏
sc. lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑏)
𝑥→𝑏

✓ CONTINUITY OF POLYNOMIAL, ABSOLUTE VALUE, RATIONAL AND SQUARE

ROOT FUNCTIONS
a. Polynomial function is continuous at every real number, that is, it is continuous
everywhere.
b. Absolute value function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| is continuous everywhere.
c. Rational function is continuous at every number in its domain.
d. A square root is continuous at every number in its domain.
Determine whether the following function is continuous on the given interval.

EXAMPLE 1:
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟐 (−∞, +∞)

Answer: Since the given is a polynomial function, and it is stated above that polynomial functions
are continuous at everywhere, we can say that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 is continuous at the interval
(−∞, + ∞). As long as the given is a polynomial function, you can always answer that it is
continuous on the given interval (regardless what interval is given). Also, if you wish to test
whether the given is really continuous on the given interval, consider a positive and a negative
integer (since infinity does not a particular value) and apply the conditions above.

EXAMPLE 2:
𝒇(𝒙) = √𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 [−𝟑, 𝟑]

Solution:
a) The function 𝑓(𝑥) is only defined if 9 − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0. Since 9 − 𝑥 2 is a polynomial, then it is
continuous everywhere. Therefore, whenever 9 − 𝑥 2 > 0, the function is continuous on the
open interval (−3, 3).

29
 b)
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
lim (√9 − 𝑥2) lim +(√9 − 𝑥 2 ) ≟ 𝑓(−3)
𝑓(𝑐) = √9 − 𝑥 2 𝑥→−3+ 𝑥→−3
2 0 =0
𝑓(−3) = √9 − (−3)2 = √ lim + 9 − ( lim + 𝑥)
𝑥→−3 𝑥→−3
𝑓(−3) = 0 Therefore,
= √9 − (−3)2
lim +(√9 − 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑓(−3)
𝑓(−3) exists. lim +(√9 − 𝑥 2 ) = 0 𝑥→−3
𝑥→−3

lim (√9 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠

𝑥→−3+
Therefore, it is continuous from the right of −3.
c)
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑓(𝑐) = √9 − 𝑥 2 lim (√9 − 𝑥 2 ) lim (√9 − 𝑥 2 ) ≟ 𝑓(3)

𝑥→3− 𝑥→3−
𝑓(3) = √9 − (3)2 2 0 =0
𝑓(3) = 0 = √ lim− 9 − ( lim− 𝑥)
𝑥→3 𝑥→3
= √9 − (3)2 Therefore,
𝑓(3) exists.
lim−(√9 − 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑓(3)
lim−(√9 − 𝑥 2 ) = 0 𝑥→3
𝑥→3

lim (√9 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠

𝑥→3−
Therefore, it is continuous from the left of 3.

Answer: Since all the conditions were satisfied, we can conclude that 𝑓(𝑥) = √9 − 𝑥 2 is
continuous on the interval [−3, 3].

EXAMPLE 3:
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐 [𝟐, 𝟔]

a) Polynomial function is continuous at every real number, that is, it is continuous

everywhere. Thus, 4𝑥 − 2 is continuous on the open interval (2, 6).
b)
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑓(𝑐) = 4𝑥 − 2 lim (4𝑥 − 2) lim (4𝑥 − 2)≟ 𝑓(2)

𝑓(2) = 4(2) − 2 𝑥→2+ 𝑥→2+
𝑓(2) = 6 = 4 ( lim+ 𝑥) − lim+ 2 6 =6
𝑥→2 𝑥→2
= 4(2) − 2 Therefore,
lim+(4𝑥 − 2) = 6 lim+(4𝑥 − 2) = 𝑓(2)
𝑓(2) exists. 𝑥→2
𝑥→2
lim (4𝑥 − 2) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠
𝑥→2+

Therefore, it is continuous from the right of 2.

c)
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
lim−(4𝑥 − 2)
𝑓(𝑐) = 4𝑥 − 2 𝑥→6
lim (4𝑥 − 2)≟ 𝑓(6)
𝑓(6) = 4(6) − 2 = 4 ( lim− 𝑥) − lim− 2 𝑥→6−
𝑥→6 𝑥→6 22 = 22
𝑓(6) = 22 = 4(6) − 2
lim−(4𝑥 − 2) = 22 Therefore,
𝑥→6
𝑓(6) exists. lim−(4𝑥 − 2) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim−(4𝑥 − 2) = 𝑓(6)
𝑥→6 𝑥→6
Therefore, it is continuous from the left of 6.

30
Answer: Since all the conditions were satisfied, we can conclude that 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 2 is
continuous on the interval [2, 6]

EXAMPLE 4:
𝒙𝟐 −𝟒
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙+𝟐 [−𝟐, 𝟐]
a) The function 𝑓(𝑥) is only defined if 𝑥 + 2 ≠ 0. Since it is an open interval and −2 is not
included on the solution of the function, therefore, whenever 𝑥 + 2 ≠ 0 the function is
continuous on the open interval (−2, 2).
b)
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑥2 − 4 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2) 𝑥 2 −4
𝑓(𝑐) = lim + [ ] lim +( 𝑥+2 )≟ 𝑓(−2)
𝑥+2 𝑥→−2 𝑥+2 𝑥→−2
0
(−2)2 − 4 = −4
𝑓(−2) = lim +(𝑥 − 2) = −4 0
(−2) + 2 𝑥→−2
0 Therefore,
𝑓(−2) = 𝑥2 − 4 𝑥 2 −4
0 lim +( ) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim +( 𝑥+2 ) ≠ 𝑓(−2)
𝑥→−2 𝑥+2 𝑥→−2
𝑓(−2) does not exist.
It is discontinuous from the right of −2.
c)
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
2
𝑥 −4 𝑥2 − 4 𝑥 2 −4
𝑓(𝑐) = lim [ ] lim−( )≟ 𝑓(2)
𝑥+2 𝑥→2− 𝑥 + 2
𝑥→2 𝑥+2
(2)2 − 4 0 =0
𝑓(2) = = 0
(2) + 2
0 Therefore,
𝑓(2) = = 0 𝑥2 − 4 𝑥 2 −4
4 lim−( ) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim−( 𝑥+2 ) = 𝑓(2)
𝑥→2 𝑥+2 𝑥→2

𝑓(2) exists.
It is continuous from the left of 2.

Answer: Since it is discontinuous from the right of −2, we can conclude that the given function
is discontinuous on the interval [−2, 2].

ACTIVITY 3.1

Directions: Answer the activity on your Basic Calculus notebook. Write Activity 3.1,
Week 3 Quarter 3 and the date today. Observe the proper way of writing limits. Show your
complete solution for each item (if necessary).

Determine whether the following function is continuous on the given number or

interval.
𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝟔
1. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒕 𝒙 = −𝟔.
𝒙+𝟔

𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 ; 𝒙 > 𝟏
2. 𝒇(𝒙) = {
−𝟒 ; 𝒙≤𝟏

3. 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝟒𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝒕 [−𝟕, 𝟕]

31
Now, check your work by turning to the Excellent Fair
key to corrections. (15 Points) (8-11 Points)
How many correct answers did you
get? Rate your result using the table Good Poor
given. (12-14 Points) (0-7 Points)
Turn to sec. J and
If your score is at least 8 out of 15, you answer Remedial 3.1
may now proceed to the next part of
the discussion.

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING CONTINUITY ON AN INTERVAL

PROBLEM 1:
Souvenir company charges ₱85 each of making 50 or less units of the souvenir,
₱82 each for making more than 50 but less than or equal to 100 units and ₱77 each for
more than 100 units. Write the function for the total price P in terms of the number of units
x of the souvenir. Sketch the graph and identify where there is discontinuity.

Solution:
If up to 50 units of the souvenir will be ordered from the company, it will charge a
total of price of 85x. If the number of units is more than 50 but less than or equal to 100,
then the total price will be 82x and f more than 100 units, then the total price is 77x. Thus,
the function is a piecewise defined as

85𝑥 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 50
𝑃(𝑥) = { 82𝑥 𝑖𝑓 50 < 𝑥 ≤ 100
77𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 100

Since there are gaps at 𝑥 = 50 and 𝑥 = 100,

the price function has discontinuity at these
values of x.

PROBLEM 2:
A rectangular field is to be closed with 300 meters of fencing material. If we let 𝑥
be the length of the field, express its area in square meters in terms of 𝑥. Identify the
domain of the function representing the area and show that it is continuous on its domain.

Solution:
In the given problem, the perimeter of the rectangular field is equal to 300 meters.
Using x and y for the length and width of the rectangular field respectively we have,

Perimeter = 300 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦
Solving for y
[ 300 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 ] divide both side by 2
150 = 𝑥 + 𝑦
𝑦 = 150 − 𝑥

32
Thus, the area (A) of the field is a product of the of its length and width.
𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦 𝑦 = 150 − 𝑥
𝐴 = 𝑥(150 − 𝑥)
𝑨 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐
𝑥

We observe that A(0) = 0 and A(150) = 0. Since x represents the length of the field, it is neither
negative nor greater than 150 so that the width will not be negative as well. Therefore, the domain
of the function representing the area of the field is [0,150].

The function for A is a polynomial and is continuous everywhere and so it is continuous on its
domain [0,150].

F. Developing Mastery

ACTIVITY 3.2
Directions: Answer the activity on your Basic Calculus notebook. Write Activity 3.2,
Week 3 Quarter 3 and the date today. Observe the proper way of writing limits. Show your
complete solution for each item (if necessary).
Determine whether the following function is continuous on the given number or
interval.
𝑥 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 3
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = {
9 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 3

𝑥 2 +6𝑥+8
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+2
@ 𝑥 = −2

3. A parking lot charges ₱50 for the first 2 hours (or part) and ₱10 for each
succeeding hour (or fraction of an hour) up to a daily maximum charge of ₱120.
Sketch a graph of the cost of parking at this lot as a function of time, t. Identify
discontinuities of this function.
Now, check your work by turning to the Excellent Fair
key to corrections. (15 Points) (8-11 Points)
How many correct answers did you
get? Rate your result using the table Good Poor
given. (12-14 Points) (0-7 Points)
Turn to sec. J and
If your score is at least 8 out of 15, you answer Remedial 3.2
may now proceed to the next part of
the discussion.

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

Continuity of a function can be applied in different field like:
• Engineering- Calculus is used in modeling problems, which are often stated as
ordinary or partial differential equations. The solutions to these equations can be
whole families of curves, from which the engineer must select a physically
meaningful solution. A continuity condition is often imposed a one of several
possible boundary conditions to select the physical correct solution.
• Digital Recording- Continuous functions are all sorts of useful. For one thing, they
are the secret behind digital recording, including CDs and DVDs. Suppose you
want to use a digital recording device to record yourself singing in the shower. The
song comes out as a continuous function. The digital recording device cannot
record what you sound like several times a second. Since the song is a continuous
function and continuous functions are nice, the several-times-a-second recording
contains enough information for a computer to reproduce more-or-less what you

33
 sounded like the whole time you were singing, if little bits were recorded frequently
enough and carefully enough, the reproduction will sound just like you.
Cribello, JM. (2014). Limits and Continuity in Reality. Slide 11-16. https://prezi.com/r9hprj456bjd/limits-and-continuity-in-reality/.

H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

• A function is said to be continuous when it has no “holes”, no “jumps” or no “gaps”.
• A function f(x) is said to be continuous at the number c if
𝑓(𝑐) exists, lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists 𝑎𝑛𝑑 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐) .
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
• A function f(x) is continuous on an open interval (a, b) if it is continuous at every
point on the interval (a, b).
• A function f(x) is continuous on a closed interval [a, b] if: (1) It is continuous on the
open interval (a, b), (2) It is continuous from the right of a, and (3) It is continuous
from the left of b.
• Polynomial function is continuous at every real number, that is, it is continuous
everywhere.
• Absolute value function f(x) = |x| is continuous everywhere.
• Rational function is continuous at every number in its domain.
• A square root is continuous at every number in its domain.

I. Evaluating Learning
WRITTEN WORK#3 and PERFORMANCE TASK #1
(CONTINUITY OF A FUNCTION)
Direction: Use yellow papers to answer WRITTEN WORK#3 &PERFORMANCE TASK #1.
Copy the given and follow the given instructions. Show your complete solution for each
item (if necessary). Observe the proper way on how to write limits. Label your paper using
the format shown below and it is to be submitted to your Basic Calculus teacher.
Name: ________________________ Section: 11 – STEM __
Subject: Basic Calculus Week Number: 3 Parent’s Signature: ____________
WRITTEN WORK#3
I. Determine whether the following function is continuous on the given number or interval.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2 at 𝑥 = 2
2𝑥 − 3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 2
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = {
−2𝑥 + 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 2
|𝑥 − 3 | 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 3
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = {
2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 3
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 − 8 at [ 3, 4 ]
5
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +1 at [−1, 1 ]

PERFORMANCE TASK#1
Solve the problem below. Be guided on the rubric given. It will be applied in grading each item.

1. A rectangular garden will be placed

adjacent to a building. It will be
enclosed by wooden fences using 125
feet of material such that the building
will be considered as a boundary on
one of the garden’s side. If 𝑥 is the side
of the garden perpendicular to the
building, express the area in square feet
of the garden in terms of 𝑥. What is the
domain of the function? Show that the
function is continuous within its domain.

34
 J. Additional Activities / Remediation
REMEDIATION/ENHANCEMENT 3.1

Directions: Answer the activity on your Basic Calculus notebook. Write R/E 3.1, Week 3
Quarter 3 and the date today. Observe the proper way of writing limits. Show your complete
solution for each item (if necessary).
Determine whether the following function is continuous on the given number or interval.
𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝟗
1. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟕.
𝒙−𝟕
𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏 ; 𝒙 > 𝟑
2. 𝒇(𝒙) = {
−𝟗 ; 𝒙≤𝟑

3. 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝟏𝟐𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝒕 [−𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟏]

You may proceed to the next part of the discussion if your score is at least 8 out of 15. (please
see key to corrections)

If not, you have to go back to section A and try all over again.
REMEDIATION/ENHANCEMENT 3.2
Directions: Answer the activity on your Basic Calculus notebook. Write R/E 3.2, Week 3
Quarter 3 and the date today. Observe the proper way of writing limits. Show your complete
solution for each item (if necessary).
Determine whether the following function is continuous on the given number or interval.
3
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = @𝑥 =1
𝑥−1

𝑥 2 −1
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1
@ 𝑥 = −1

You may proceed to the next part of the discussion if your score is at least 5 out of 10. (please
see key to corrections)

If not, you have to go back to section A and try all over again.

If you need more help, send your teacher a message so he/she can assist you.

KEY TO CORRECTIONS

ACTIVITY 3.1 (1 POINT per condition and 2 Points for final answer)
𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝟔
1. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙+𝟔
𝒂𝒕 𝒙 = −𝟔
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔 𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝟔
𝑓(𝑐) = lim ( ) lim ( ) ≟ 𝑓(−6)
𝒙+𝟔 𝑥→−6 𝒙 + 𝟔 𝑥→−6 𝒙+𝟔
0
(−𝟔)𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔 0 −12 ≠
𝑓(−6) = = 0 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 0
(−𝟔) + 𝟔
(𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 − 6)
𝟎 lim [ ] Therefore,
𝑓(−6) = 𝑥→−6 𝑥+6
𝟎 𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝟔
lim (𝑥 − 6) = −12 lim ( ) ≠ 𝑓(−6)
𝑥→−6 𝑥→−6 𝒙+𝟔
𝑓(−6) does not exist.
𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝟔
lim ( ) exists.
𝑥→−6 𝒙+𝟔

𝑥 2 −36
Answer: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+6
is discontinuous at 𝑥 = −6.

35
 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 ; 𝒙 > 𝟏
2. 𝒇(𝒙) = {
−𝟒 ; 𝒙≤𝟏
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑓(1) = −𝟒 lim (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑) lim (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑)≟ 𝑓(1)

𝑥→1 𝑥→1
𝑓(1) exists. = −1 −1 ≠ −4
lim (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑) exists.
𝑥→1
Therefore,
lim (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑) ≠ 𝑓(1)
𝑥→1

lim (−𝟒) lim (−𝟒)≟ 𝑓(1)

𝑥→1 𝑥→1
= −4 −4 = −4
lim (−𝟒) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠. Therefore,
𝑥→1
lim (−𝟒)= 𝑓(1)
𝑥→1

Answer: The function is discontinuous at 𝒙 = 𝟏.

3. 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝟒𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝒕 [−𝟕, 𝟕]

a) The function 𝑓(𝑥) is only defined if 49 − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0. Since 49 − 𝑥 2 is a polynomial, then it is
continuous everywhere. Therefore, whenever 49 − 𝑥 2 > 0, the function is continuous on
the open interval (−7, 7).
b)
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
lim +(√49 − 𝑥 2 ) lim +(√49 − 𝑥 2 ) ≟ 𝑓(−7)
𝑓(𝑐) = √49 − 𝑥 2 𝑥→−7 𝑥→−7
2 0 =0
𝑓(−7) = √49 − (−7)2 = √ lim + 49 − ( lim + 𝑥)
𝑥→−7 𝑥→−7
𝑓(−7) = 0 Therefore,
= √49 − (−7)2
lim +(√49 − 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑓(−7)
𝑓(−7) exists. lim +(√49 − 𝑥 2 ) = 0 𝑥→−7
𝑥→−7

lim (√49 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠

𝑥→−7+

Therefore, it is continuous from the right of −7.

c)
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑓(𝑐) = √49 − 𝑥 2 lim (√49 − 𝑥 2 ) lim (√49 − 𝑥 2 ) ≟ 𝑓(7)

𝑥→7− 𝑥→7−
𝑓(7) = √49 − (7)2 2 0 =0
𝑓(7) = 0 = √ lim− 49 − ( lim− 𝑥)
𝑥→7 𝑥→7
= √49 − (7)2 Therefore,
𝑓(7) exists.
lim−(√49 − 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑓(7)
lim−(√49 − 𝑥 2 ) = 0 𝑥→7
𝑥→7

lim (√49 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠

𝑥→7−

Therefore, it is continuous from the left of 7.

Answer: Since all the conditions were satisfied, we can conclude that 𝑓(𝑥) = √49 − 𝑥 2 is
continuous on the interval [−7, 7].

36
ACTIVITY 3.2
𝑥 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 3
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = {
9 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 3
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑓(3) = 𝑥 2 lim (𝒙𝟐 ) lim (𝒙𝟐 )≟ 𝑓(3)

𝑓(3) = 32 𝑥→3 𝑥→3
𝑓(3) = 9 =9 9=9
lim (𝑥 2 ) exists.
𝑥→3
Therefore,
𝑓(3) exists. lim (𝒙𝟐 )= 𝑓(3)
𝑥→3
lim (9)
𝑥→3
=9 lim (𝟗)≟ 𝑓(3)
𝑥→3
lim (9) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠. 9=9
𝑥→3
Therefore,
lim (𝒙𝟐 )= 𝑓(3)
𝑥→3

The function is said to be continuous at 𝑥 = 3.

𝑥 2 +6𝑥+8
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = @ 𝑥 = −2
𝑥+2
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8 𝑥 2 +6𝑥+8
𝑓(𝑐) = lim ( ) lim ( )≟ 𝑓(−2)
𝑥+2 𝑥→−2 𝑥+2 𝑥→−2 𝑥+2
0
(−2)2 + 6(−2) + 8 0 ≠2
𝑓(−2) = = 0 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 0
(−2) + 2
𝟎 (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 2)
𝑓(−2) = lim [ ] Therefore,
𝟎
𝑥→−2 𝑥+2 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8
lim (𝑥 + 4) = 2 lim ( ) ≠ 𝑓(−2)
𝑥→−2 𝑥→−2 𝑥+2
𝑓(−2) does not exist.
𝑥 2 +6𝑥+8
lim ( 𝑥+2
) exists.
𝑥→−2

𝑥 2 +6𝑥+8
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+2
is discontinuous at 𝑥 = −2.

3. A parking lot charges ₱50 for the first 2 hours (or part) and ₱10 for each succeeding
hour (or fraction of an hour) up to a daily maximum charge of ₱120. Sketch a graph
of the cost of parking at this lot as a function of time, t. Identify discontinuities of this
function.
50 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑡 ≤ 2
60 𝑖𝑓 2 < 𝑡 ≤ 3
70 𝑖𝑓 3 < 𝑡 ≤ 4
𝐶(𝑡) = 80 𝑖𝑓 4 < 𝑡 ≤ 5
⋮
120 𝑖𝑓 8 < 𝑡 ≤ 24
{

Since there are gaps at 𝑡 = 2, 𝑡 = 3,

𝑡 = 4, 𝑡 = 5, 𝑡 = 6, 𝑡 = 7 and 𝑡 = 8, the function
of time has discontinuity at these value of t.

37
REMEDIATION/ENHANCEMENT 3.1

𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝟗
1. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙−𝟕
𝒂𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟕

Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)

𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝟗 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝟗 𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝟔
𝑓(𝑐) = lim ( ) lim ( ) ≟ 𝑓(7)
𝒙−𝟕 𝑥→7 𝒙 − 𝟕 𝑥→7 𝒙−𝟕
0
(𝟕)𝟐 − 𝟒𝟗 0 14 ≠ 0
𝑓(7) = = 0 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
(𝟕) − 𝟕
𝟎 (𝑥 + 7)(𝑥 − 7)
𝑓(7) = lim [ ] Therefore,
𝟎
𝑥→7 𝑥−7 𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝟗
lim (𝑥 + 7) = 14 lim ( ) ≠ 𝑓(7)
𝑥→7 𝑥→7 𝒙−𝟕
𝑓(7) does not exist.
𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝟗
lim ( ) exists.
𝑥→7 𝒙−𝟕

𝑥 2 −49
Answer: 𝑓(𝑥) = is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 7.
𝑥−7

𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏 ; 𝒙 > 𝟑
2. 𝒇(𝒙) = {
−𝟗 ; 𝒙≤𝟑
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑓(3) = −𝟗 lim (5𝑥 + 1) lim (𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏)≟ 𝑓(3)

𝑥→3 𝑥→3
𝑓(3) exists. = 16 −16 ≠ −9
lim (5𝒙 + 𝟏) exists.
𝑥→3
Therefore,
lim (𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏) ≠ 𝑓(3)
𝑥→3

lim (−𝟗) lim (−𝟗)≟ 𝑓(3)

𝑥→3 𝑥→3
= −9 −9 = −9
lim (−𝟗) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠. Therefore,
𝑥→3
lim (−𝟗)= 𝑓(3)
𝑥→3

Answer: The function is discontinuous at 𝒙 = 𝟑.

3. 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝟏𝟐𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝒕 [−𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟏]

a) The function 𝑓(𝑥) is only defined if 121 − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0. Since 121 − 𝑥 2 is a polynomial,
then it is continuous everywhere. Therefore, whenever 121 − 𝑥 2 > 0, the
function is continuous on the open interval (−11, 11).
b)
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
lim +(√121 − 𝑥 2 ) lim + (√121 − 𝑥 2 ) ≟ 𝑓(−11)
𝑥→−11
𝑓(𝑐) = √121 − 𝑥 2 𝑥→−11
2 0 =0
𝑓(−11) = √121 − (−11)2 = √ lim + 121 − ( lim + 𝑥)
𝑓(−11) = 0 𝑥→−11 𝑥→−11
Therefore,
= √121 − (−11)2
lim (√121 − 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑓(−11)
𝑥→−11+
𝑓(−11) exists. lim +(√121 − 𝑥 2 ) = 0
𝑥→−11

lim (√121 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠

𝑥→−11+
Therefore, it is continuous from the right of −11.

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 c)
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑓(𝑐) = √121 − 𝑥 2 lim (√121 − 𝑥 2 ) lim (√121 − 𝑥 2 ) ≟ 𝑓(11)

𝑥→11− 𝑥→11−
𝑓(11) = √121 − (7)2 2 0 =0
𝑓(11) = 0 = √ lim− 121 − ( lim− 𝑥)
𝑥→11 𝑥→11
= √121 − (11)2 Therefore,
𝑓(11) exists.
lim−(√121 − 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑓(11)
lim−(√121 − 𝑥 2 ) = 0 𝑥→11
𝑥→11

lim (√121 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠

𝑥→11−

Therefore, it is continuous from the left of 11.

Answer: Since all the conditions were satisfied, we can conclude that 𝑓(𝑥) = √121 − 𝑥 2 is
continuous on the interval [−11, 11].

REMEDIATION/ENHANCEMENT 3.2
3
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = @𝑥 =1
𝑥−1
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

3 3 3
𝑓(1) = lim ( ) lim ( )≟ 𝑓(1)
𝑥−1 𝑥→1 𝑥 − 1
𝑥→1 𝑥−1
3 3 3
𝑓(1) = =0
3
0
=0
1−1 3
3 lim (𝑥−1) does not exist.
𝑓(1) = 𝑥→1 Therefore,
0 3
lim (𝑥−1)= 𝑓(1)
𝑥→1
𝑓(1) does not exist.
The function is said to be discontinuous at 𝑥 = 1.

𝑥 2 −1
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = @ 𝑥 = −1
𝑥+1
Condition (a) Condition (b) Condition (c)
𝑓(𝑐) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
2
𝑥 −1 𝑥2 − 1 𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
𝑓(𝑐) = lim ( ) lim ( ) ≟ 𝑓(−1)
𝑥+1 𝑥→−1 𝑥 + 1 𝑥→−1 𝒙+𝟏
0
(−1)2 − 1 0 ≠ 14
𝑓(−1) = = 0 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 0
(−1) + 1
𝟎 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
𝑓(−1) = lim [ ] Therefore,
𝟎
𝑥→−1 𝑥+1 𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
lim (𝑥 − 1) = −2 lim ( 𝒙+𝟏 ) ≠ 𝑓(−1)
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1
𝑓(−1) does not exist.
𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
lim ( 𝒙+𝟏 ) exists.
𝑥→−1

The function is said to be discontinuous at 𝑥 = −1

39