Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 1
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

FUNCTIONS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

1. Transports Nutrients
Materials

Oxygen, Carbon
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”) dioxide (lungs)

Waste

AnBbodies

Hormones
(produced by
glands) Lymph

Enzymes
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 2
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

Secondary Roles of the Circulatory System

1. Regulates Body
Temperature

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

2. Helps Fight
Disease
White blood cell

3. Aids in Diges>on

Nutrients within the

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”) capillaries
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 3
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

BLOOD
Blood consists of the following elements:

PLASMA Plasma is mostly

water and also
55% contains proteins.
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

FORMED Formed elements

ELEMENTS include blood

45% cells and

platelets.

Blood cells and

platelets are created
in the bone marrow.
They start off as
stem cells.
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
Task Cards
Biology Roots
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 4
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

BLOOD: FORMED ELEMENTS

Red blood cells (RBCs) carry

oxygen, carbon dioxide, and
enzymes throughout the
bloodstream.

White blood cells (WBCs) work together

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

to fight infecBon. The blood carries

2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

white blood cells to parts of the body

that might contain pathogens.

Platelets- “sBcky” proteins that prevent

blood loss by forming plugs in blood
vessels.

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Station 5
BLOOD VESSELS

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Veins carry blood towards the heart.
Capillaries are a bridge between arteries and veins (very small!)

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 6
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

BLOOD VESSELS: CAPILLARIES

Capillaries in the eye Bssue

Capillaries in respiratory Bssue

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

Capillaries are bridged between the arteries and veins.

Capillaries are the Bniest blood vessels.
Capillaries can carry oxygenated blood and
deoxygenated blood.
The capillaries are the blood vessels in which red blood
cells deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and picks up
waste from cells).

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 7
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

BLOOD VESSELS: ARTERIES AND VEINS

Most arteries carry
oxygenated blood Most veins carry
away from heart to deoxygenated
the body. blood from the
body to the heart.

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

The PULMONARY ARTERIES carry

blood to the lungs are the only arteries
that carry deoxygenated blood.

The PULMONARY VEINS carry blood

PULMONARY=LUNG from the lungs to the heart are the
only veins that carry oxygenated
blood.
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 8
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

BLOOD VESSELS: PULMONARY

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

PULMONARY ARTERIES- carry deoxygenated blood AWAY FROM THE HEART,

TO the lungs. (All other arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
to the body).
PULMONARY VEINS- carry oxygenated blood TO THE HEART, FROM the lungs.
(All other veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart, from the body).

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

occurs at the alveoli of the lungs.
Pulmonary arteries deliver deoxygenated
blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide
is released and exhaled. Pulmonary veins
take freshly oxygenated blood from the
lungs and bring it to the heart for
circulaBon.

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 9
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

GAS EXCHANGE AT THE LUNGS

Gas exchange is the

exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide. Gas
exchange occurs in the
lungs, across the
alveolar membrane.
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

Blood incoming from heart

out in

Blood outgoing
towards heart

The gases simply diffuse across the

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
alveolar membrane!
Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 10
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

BLOOD FLOW

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

The heart is a double pump!

This is because one half of the heart (the right
ventricle) sends blood through the lungs;
and the other half of the heart (the le` ventricle)
sends blood through the body.
The right ventricle contains deoxygenated blood and
the le` ventricle contains oxygenated blood.
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Station 11
HEART PARTS

Left
Right
Pulmonary
Artery Left

Right
Pulmonary
Vein

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 12
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

Interesting Facts
! Your system of blood vessels – arteries, veins and capillaries – is over 60,000 miles
long.

! The adult heart pumps about 5 quarts of blood each minute –

approximately 2,000 gallons of blood each day – throughout the body.

! When a[emp>ng to locate their heart, most people place their hand on their le\
chest. Actually, your heart is located in the center of your chest between your lungs.
The bo[om of the heart is >pped to the le\, so you feel more of your heart on your
le\ side of your chest. Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

! The heart beats about 100,000 >mes each day.

! An adult woman’s heart weighs about 8 ounces, a man’s about 10

ounces

! A child’s heart is about the size of a clenched fist; an adult’s heart is

about the size of two fists.

Blood is about 78 percent water.

! Blood takes about 20 seconds to circulate throughout the en>re vascular system.

! The structure of the heart was first described in 1706, by Raymond de Viessens, a
French anatomy professor.

! The electrocardiograph (ECG) was invented in 1902 by Dutch

physiologist Willem Einthoven. This test is s>ll used to evaluate the
heart’s rate and rhythm.

! The first heart specialists emerged a\er World War I.

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 13
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

BLOOD FLOW

Oxygenated blood Deoxygenated

to body blood to lungs
Gas exchange
occurs at lungs

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

Oxygenated blood
from lungs

Deoxygenated
blood from body

Oxygenated blood= Deoxygenated blood=

oxygen rich blood oxygen poor blood.
It travels from lungs It travels from body to
to heart to body. heart to lungs.

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Station 14
Direc>on of BLOOD FLOW

DirecBon of Blood Flow Simplified:

y ge nated
O x
LUNGS à HEART à BODY Deoxyg
e nated
BODY à HEART à LUNGS
(repeat)

The right side of The le` side of

the heart carries the heart carries
deoxygenated oxygenated
blood blood

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 15
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

RED BLOOD CELLS

Red blood cells are also called

erythrocytes.

• Shaped as biconcave discs

• RBC’s lack a nucleus & cannot
reproduce (average lifespan =
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
about 120 days) 2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

• Transport hemoglobin (each RBC

has about 280 million hemoglobin
molecules)
• Can transport oxygen and carbon
dioxide
• Make up approximately 40% of our
blood

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 16
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

HEMOGLOBIN

Red blood cell

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

Red blood cells are able to transport oxygen because of hemoglobin!

• Hemoglobin is a polypep/de that is a3ached to red blood cells and helps to
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• It composed of globin (made up of 4 highly folded polypep/de chains) + 4 heme
groups (with iron).
• Each molecule can carry 4 molecules of oxygen.
• When hemoglobin is transpor/ng oxygen, it gives the red blood cells a more
cherry red color. When hemoglobin is transpor/ng carbon dioxide, it becomes
more of a crimson color.

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 17
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

RED BLOOD CELL DISORDERS

Anemia is a condiBon in which an

individual does not have enough
red blood cells and/or hemoglobin
in your body, therefore your body is
not gejng enough oxygen. A major
symptom of anemia is faBgue.
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
A common type of anemia is iron-
deficiency anemia. In this case, you
do not have enough iron in your
blood to properly transport oxygen,
as iron plays a big role in binding to
oxygen.

Sickle cell anemia is another type of

anemia; it is a geneBc disorder. The
red blood cells are shaped like
sickles (crescent shaped) and do not
properly funcBon. They have very
short lifespans and the body cannot
keep making red blood cells fast
enough to replace them.

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 18
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

White blood cells are also called leukocytes.

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

• WBCs are the largest of type of blood cell.

• There are 5 general types of WBCs
• Responsible for figh;ng infec;ons.
• Typically have a short life cycle; can last anywhere from a few
days to a few weeks.
• Typically accounts for 4% of our blood is made up of WBCs
• One drop of Blood can contain from 7,000 to 25,000 white
blood cells (if an invading infec;on fights back and persists,
that number will significantly increase).
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 19
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

PLATELETS

Platelets are the smallest of the

blood cells.
They are made up of proteins that
can sBck to one another and form
a clot in blood vessels.
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
Important to stop bleeding!

Hemostasis= prevenBon of blood

loss from a broken blood vessel
Hemostasis results in a blood clot-
which is made up of platelets and
proteins such as fibrin, which your
body builds in response to blood
loss.

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 20
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

TO CLOT, OR NOT TO CLOT?

If you cut yourself, you will

probably break a blood vessel.
When this happens, blood leaks
out into your Bssues and finds
its way out. Platelets prevent
blood loss by forming a platelet
plug at the break.
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

In bleeding disorders, such as

hemophilia, blood clojng factors
are significantly reduced, and
clots are not formed properly.

Broken blood vessel with lacking clot factors

Hemophilia can be treated with artificial clotting treatment

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 21
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

TO CLOT, OR NOT TO CLOT?

If blood vessels have a build up of cholesterol and fat, blood

cannot flow properly. This could result in a clot if platelets get
stuck between the cholesterol and the artery to create a blockage.
This can lead to heart agack, if the coronary artery of the heart is
blocked, or a stroke, if the blocked artery is near the brain.

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
Blood clot

Plaque buildup
in artery

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 22
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

Heart A[ack and Stroke

A heart agack occurs

when a coronary artery is
blocked. The coronary
artery supplies the heart
with fresh blood.

Blood supply is cut of from

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
the heart muscle, and the
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

heart muscle dies.

The severity of the heart

agack is determined by
the size of the artery
blocked.

A stroke can be caused

by a blocked artery. The
blood supply to your
brain is interrupted or
reduced. This deprives
your brain of oxygen and
nutrients, which can
cause your brain cells to
die.

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 23
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

HEART VALVES

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

Heart valves open and close to let blood in and out of the heart.

Incoming blood can be either freshly oxygenated blood from the

lungs, or deoxygenated blood from the body.

Outgoing blood can be deoxygenated blood coming from the

body, oxygenated blood going to the body.

Valves are doorways that can be closed off so that blood does

not flow backwards.
 Station 24
ANGIOPLASTY

Mild heart a[acks

can be treated using
a procedure known
as angioplasty.

Angioplasty is the stretching of a

cloged artery.
During an angioplasty, a small balloon
catheter is guided into the narrowed
artery and the balloon is inflated to
open up the artery to allow for
increased blood flow. The pressure of
the balloon flagens the plaque and
widens the artery.
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

 Station 24 continued
BYPASS SURGERY
The reason veins are used to replace
the small porBon of the artery is
because they are much easier to
remove. They under less pressure
than arteries.
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
If a heart agack is
severe, the coronary
artery may need to be
bypassed. A healthy vein
is usually taken from the
paBent’s leg and used to
replace the blocked
porBon of the coronary
artery.
A triple bypass means that the
heart arteries needed to be
bypassed three Bmes. A quadruple
bypass means it was bypassed 4
Bmes.
 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 25
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

ARRHYTHMIA and MURMURS

Arrhythmia is a condiBon in which there is an abnormal or

irregular heartbeat.
A heart murmur is when there is an extra sound to a heartbeat
(normally a “whoosh” or a “swish” and could indicate a
problem- such as fluid buildup).

A pacemaker is typically used to fix

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
chronic arrhythmia. It sends electrical
impulses to control a steady heartbeat.

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 26
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

DIASTOLIC and SYSTOLIC PRESSURE

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

As the heart contracts (Bghtens), it pumps blood into the arteries. This
causes a higher blood pressure called “systolic” pressure. Once the
heart relaxes, there is less pressure, called “diastolic” pressure .

Ideally, blood pressure should be

around 120/80. The numbers are
systolic/diastolic pressures that
are measured with a
sphygmomanometer

BP is measured in millimeters of mercury

(mmHg), the SI unit for fluid pressure.

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

 Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

Station 27
2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

CARDIAC MUSCLE

Circulatory System Exhibition Lab

2014 Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)

Cardiac muscle is involuntary, striated muscle.

Cardiac muscle forms the myocardium porBon of the heart.

The myocardium is the

muscle porBon of the
heart, which contracts
and thus pumps the
blood into the arteries.
The myocardium is
sBmulated by the SA
(sinoatrial) node, which
sends electrical signals to
the cells of the cardiac
muscle, causing them to
contract and produce a
heartbeat.
Circulatory System Exhibition Lab Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”)
 Station 28
MICROSCOPE

View the cardiac muscle through the

microscope. Please do not touch the knobs.
Sketch the cardiac muscle slide on your
answer sheet in the proper space. Please use
pencil!
 Station 29
HEART RATE | PULSE

Heart rate is measured as beats per minute. Pulses are the

sensaBons you can feel from your heart beaBng and are
used to measure your heart rate.

Take your own pulse or work with a partner to take each

other’s pulses. The proper way to take your pulse is to place
two fingers on the wrist: right between the bone and tendon
(on the thumb side of wrist). Count how many beats you feel
over a 15 second period. Use a >mer! If a >mer is not
available, have a partner count to fi\een silently while you
count pulses. Mul>ply the number of pulses by 4 to get
the number of beats over a minute.

Compare your heart rate to at least two

others in the class!