A

Presentation
on

Engineering Drawings
Contents :
• Importance of Drawing.

• Purpose for Technical Drawings.

• Basic Principles of Drawing Sheets.

• Types of Lines and their applications.

• Conventional Representation.

• AutoCAD.
Importance of Drawing:
• Sketching : It generally means Freehand drawing.

• Drawing : It usually means using drawing instruments, from compass to

computers to bring precision to drawings.

• Drawing is one of the best way to communicate one’s ideas through some
form of picture or drawing.

• Drawing allows efficient communication among engineers and can be kept

as a record of planning process.
 Purpose for Technical Drawings:
• To clarify an idea and to translate that idea into a simplified language.

• It generally follows a very specific rules and guidelines in order to make its intent clear

and avoid confusion.

• Its main purpose is to make drawings easier to understand, it is also used by interior

designers, construction workers, product designers, electricians etc.

• Technical drawings comprises of 2D or 3D plans, sections and elevations. They may be

drawn to scale by hand or prepared using computer aided design(CAD) software.

 Basic Principles of drawing sheets
Designation Dimensions(mm) Dimensions(inches) Area (m2)
Area of An = (1/2^n)

A0 841 x 1189 34” x 44” 1

A1 594 x 841 22” x 34” ½

A2 420 x 594 17” x 22” ¼

A3 294 x 420 11” x 17” 1/8

A4 210 x 297 8 ½” x 11” 1/16

Sizes of drawing sheets
 Minimum Border width :
A0 , A1 - 20mm
A2 , A3 and A4 -10mm
Title box
Title box is placed on the right side bottom of the

sheet which consists of -

• Title of the drawing

• Sheet number

• Scale

• Symbol, denoting the method of projection

• Name of the firm

• Initials of staff drawn, checked and approved.

scales
• The Proportion by which the drawing of an object is enlarged or reduced is
called scale of the drawing.

• A scale is defined as the ratio of the linear dimensions of the object as

represented in a drawing to the actual dimensions of the same.

• It is also termed as scale factor or Representative Factor(RF)

𝑫𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈
=
𝑫𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒃𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕

• Drawings drawn with the same size as the object are called Full sized drawing.
Scales used to prepare drawing:

Reducing Scales 1:Y 1:2 1:5 1:10

(Y>1) 1:20 1:50 1:100
1:200 1:500 1:1000
1:2000 1:5000 1:10000

Enlarging Scale X:1 50:1 20:1 10:1

(X>1) 5:1 2:1

Full Size scales 1:1

Types of Scales:
1. Engineers scale :The relation between dimension on the drawing and the actual dimension of the object is
mentioned Numerically like (10mm=15m).
2. Graphical scale: Scale is drawn on the drawing itself.
Letters
Single stroke letters:
BIS (IS:9609-1990) recommended single stroke letters for Engineering drawings.
Single stroke means that the thickness and width of the letters and numerals should be uniform and
obtained in one stroke of the pencil or pen.

Types of lettering:

Lettering
Vertical lettering

Inclined lettering

Numbering
 For vertical and inclined lettering , width to height ratio is five is to seven for
all the capital letters and four is to seven for all numerical except 1.
 For vertical and inclined lower case alphabets the width is equal to the height
for majority of the letters.
 Size of letters of 75 is recommended for inclined lettering.
 Standard heights for letters are 3.5 , 5, 7 and 10 mm.
 Main title – 7mm or 10mm
 Sub title – 5mm or 7mm
 Dimensions, notes and extra - 3.5mm to 5mm.
Dimensioning
There are two systems of dimensions:
1. Aligned system
2. Unidirectional system.
Rules of dimensioning:
• All the dimensions on a drawing must be shown using either Aligned system or
unidirectional system. In no case should , the two systems be mixed on the same
drawing.
• The same unit should be used for all the dimensions on a drawing.
• Dimension line should not cross each other or any other lines of the object.
• Do not use an outline or a Centre line as a dimension line.
• Avoid dimensioning hidden lines.
• No dimension should be redundant and to be given only once.
• Note mentioning the unit should be placed below the drawing.
 Types of Lines
Types of Lines and their Applications in construction Drawings :
 Conventional Representation of Materials
As a variety of materials are used in engineering applications, it is preferable to have different
conventions of materials to differentiate between various materials in engineering drawings.
Type Convention Material
Steel, cast iron, copper
and its alloys, aluminum
1.Metals and its alloys etc.

Lead,zinc,Tin,white
metal etc.

2.Glass
 Porcelain,stoneware,marble,slate
etc.
3.Packing and insulating
material
Asbestos,Fibre,Felt,Synthetic
resin
product,Paper,cork,Rubber,Leath
er,wax,Insulating material etc.

4.Liquids Water,oil,Petrol,Kerosene etc.

5.Wood Wood, Plywood etc.

 A mixture of cement, sand and
6.Concrete gravel.
 AutoCAD
• AutoCAD is one of the most popular CAD software. It was first developed by Autodesk
in December 1982.

• CAD system uses the computer ,instead of the classical tools (pencils,ink,rulers,paper
etc.) to create drawings and has many advantages.

• Scaling of drawings can be done very easily.

• Use of layers helps in drawing very complex figures .

• Different Line thickness and patterns of lines with different colors can be used for a
clearer understanding of the drawing.
THANKYOU