FL1024 GRAMMAR FOR ACADEMIC WRITING

WORKSHEET 2

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Class code:

Task 1
Underline the ADVERB CLAUSES in the following extract. (4pts)

Earlier this week, scientists on the team hauled radar-equipped sledges

over the ice to map the thickness of the shelf near the “grounding line”
where the glacier leaves land and extends over the sea. The map will help
them pinpoint where to drill the borehole. During the site assessment, they
came across a crevasse that plunged deep into the ice shelf.
Once they get the green light, the scientists will use a hot water drill to bore
a 30cm-wide hole through the ice shelf. The equipment can melt a hole at
about 1.5 metres per minute, meaning it will take more than six hours of
nonstop drilling to get all the way through. Small teams who sleep overnight
in tents on the ice will work in rotation around the clock to drill the hole,
deploy the submarine, and set other instruments into the borehole for long-
term monitoring.
“Nobody has ever been able to drill through the ice close to where it starts
to float and that is the critical point,” Vaughan told the Guardian. “If
everything goes to plan, they will drill the hole and then ream it out until
it’s about 50cm across, and then lower in the autonomous underwater
vehicle. That will actually go into the cavity and send back images in real
time so they can navigate it right up to the point where the ice starts to
float.”
The 3.5 metre-long icefin carries high definition cameras, sonar, and
instruments for monitoring water flow, salinity, oxygen and temperature.
These can determine how much fresh water is flowing out from under the
ice shelf. The robotic sub will also sample the gritty sediment shed into the
water as the glacier grinds over the slab of rock it sits on. The data will
feed into computer models to refine predictions about the fate of the glacier
and the magnitude of sea level rise its melting will produce.
Thwaites glacier is already responsible for about 4% of the global sea level
rise, as the ice slips off the land and into the sea. But because the ice
shelf is melting and thinning, the glacier is speeding up. Thwaites itself
contains enough ice to raise global sea levels by more than 2 feet (61cm),
but it holds back other inland glaciers that contain far more ice, enough to
raise global sea levels by more than 2 metres.
“If Thwaites glacier melts, on its own, we will see a rise in sea level
around our own coast,” said Vaughan. “We are not saying that it’s going to
happen in the next 100 years or so, but it could certainly begin in that time
period.”
“We’ll look at the flow of the ice and see how it’s affected, for instance, by
tidal changes. All of those things tell us about the sensitivity of the system
to small perturbations, which in future might be large perturbations as the
ice shelf melts,” he added. “This is all about sea level rise. That is why we
are here.”
The fieldwork, part of the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration, will
run until March 2020.

Task 2
Underline the ADJECTIVE CLAUSES in the same extract. (2pts)
Earlier this week, scientists on the team hauled radar-equipped sledges
over the ice to map the thickness of the shelf near the “grounding line”
where the glacier leaves land and extends over the sea. The map will help
them pinpoint where to drill the borehole. During the site assessment, they
came across a crevasse that plunged deep into the ice shelf.
Once they get the green light, the scientists will use a hot water drill to bore
a 30cm-wide hole through the ice shelf. The equipment can melt a hole at
about 1.5 metres per minute, meaning it will take more than six hours of
nonstop drilling to get all the way through. Small teams who sleep
overnight in tents on the ice will work in rotation around the clock to drill
the hole, deploy the submarine, and set other instruments into the borehole
for long-term monitoring.
“Nobody has ever been able to drill through the ice close to where it starts
to float and that is the critical point,” Vaughan told the Guardian. “If
everything goes to plan, they will drill the hole and then ream it out until it’s
about 50cm across, and then lower in the autonomous underwater vehicle.
That will actually go into the cavity and send back images in real time so
they can navigate it right up to the point where the ice starts to float.”
The 3.5 metre-long icefin carries high definition cameras, sonar, and
instruments for monitoring water flow, salinity, oxygen and temperature.
These can determine how much fresh water is flowing out from under the
ice shelf. The robotic sub will also sample the gritty sediment shed into the
water as the glacier grinds over the slab of rock it sits on. The data will feed
into computer models to refine predictions about the fate of the glacier and
the magnitude of sea level rise its melting will produce.
Thwaites glacier is already responsible for about 4% of the global sea level
rise, as the ice slips off the land and into the sea. But because the ice shelf
is melting and thinning, the glacier is speeding up. Thwaites itself contains
enough ice to raise global sea levels by more than 2 feet (61cm), but it
holds back other inland glaciers that contain far more ice, enough to raise
global sea levels by more than 2 metres.
“If Thwaites glacier melts, on its own, we will see a rise in sea level around
our own coast,” said Vaughan. “We are not saying that it’s going to happen
in the next 100 years or so, but it could certainly begin in that time period.”
“We’ll look at the flow of the ice and see how it’s affected, for instance, by
tidal changes. All of those things tell us about the sensitivity of the system
to small perturbations, which in future might be large perturbations as
the ice shelf melts,” he added. “This is all about sea level rise. That is why
we are here.”
The fieldwork, part of the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration, will
run until March 2020.
Task 3
Underline the NOUN CLAUSES in the same extract. (4pts)

Earlier this week, scientists on the team hauled radar-equipped sledges

over the ice to map the thickness of the shelf near the “grounding line”
where the glacier leaves land and extends over the sea. The map will help
them pinpoint where to drill the borehole. During the site assessment, they
came across a crevasse that plunged deep into the ice shelf.
Once they get the green light, the scientists will use a hot water drill to bore
a 30cm-wide hole through the ice shelf. The equipment can melt a hole at
about 1.5 metres per minute, meaning it will take more than six hours of
nonstop drilling to get all the way through. Small teams who sleep
overnight in tents on the ice will work in rotation around the clock to drill the
hole, deploy the submarine, and set other instruments into the borehole for
long-term monitoring.
“Nobody has ever been able to drill through the ice close to where it starts
to float and that is the critical point,” Vaughan told the Guardian. “If
everything goes to plan, they will drill the hole and then ream it out until it’s
about 50cm across, and then lower in the autonomous underwater vehicle.
That will actually go into the cavity and send back images in real time so
they can navigate it right up to the point where the ice starts to float.”
The 3.5 metre-long icefin carries high definition cameras, sonar, and
instruments for monitoring water flow, salinity, oxygen and temperature.
These can determine how much fresh water is flowing out from under the
ice shelf. The robotic sub will also sample the gritty sediment shed into the
water as the glacier grinds over the slab of rock it sits on. The data will feed
into computer models to refine predictions about the fate of the glacier and
the magnitude of sea level rise its melting will produce.
Thwaites glacier is already responsible for about 4% of the global sea level
rise, as the ice slips off the land and into the sea. But because the ice shelf
is melting and thinning, the glacier is speeding up. Thwaites itself contains
enough ice to raise global sea levels by more than 2 feet (61cm), but it
holds back other inland glaciers that contain far more ice, enough to raise
global sea levels by more than 2 metres.
“If Thwaites glacier melts, on its own, we will see a rise in sea level around
our own coast,” said Vaughan. “We are not saying that it’s going to happen
in the next 100 years or so, but it could certainly begin in that time period.”
“We’ll look at the flow of the ice and see how it’s affected, for instance, by
tidal changes. All of those things tell us about the sensitivity of the system
to small perturbations, which in future might be large perturbations as the
ice shelf melts,” he added. “This is all about sea level rise. That is why
we are here.”
The fieldwork, part of the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration, will
run until March 2020.
Reference
Sample, I. 2019. ‘Submarine to explore why Antarctic glacier is melting so
quickly.’ The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/dec/28/submarine-to-explore-
why-antarctic-glacier-is-melting-so-quickly#:~:text=The%20600%2Dmetre
%20deep%20borehole,it%20is%20melting%20so%20fast.