A

Micro Project Report

On

“PREPARE A REPORT ON TYPES OF FLOW IN PIPE”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the

Diploma in

Civil Engineering

Prescribed by

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

2023-2024

Submitted by

NAME OF TEAM MEMBER ENROLLMENT NO

SARKAR PRALHAD SHAMBHU 2201380179

KAGNE AKASH MAROTI 2201380181

BISWAS ANIMESH MANISH 2201380186

Under the Guidance of

PROF. M.B.MAYKULKAR

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SHRI SAI POLYTECHNIC, CHANDRAPUR
442401 (M.S.)
[2023-2024]
 SHRI SAI POLYTECHNIC, CHANDRAPUR (M.S.)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEEING

2023-2024

CERTIFICATE
This is to certified that this complete project report of entitled “Prepare a report on types
of flow in pipe” Submitted by the following students of Fourth semester of “SHRI SAI
POLYTECHNIC, CHANDRAPUR, (M.S.) in the partial fulfillment for requirement of
DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING from Maharashtra State Board Of Technical
Education, Mumbai, (M.S.). This is the record of their own project work carried out by them
under my guidance and supervision for the academic session 2023-2024.
Submitted by

NAME OF TEAM MEMBER ENROLLMENT NO

SARKAR PRALHAD SHAMBHU 2201380179

KAGNE AKASH MAROTI 2201380181

BISWAS ANIMESH MANISH 2201380186

PROF. M.B.MAYKULKAR PROF. VISHAKHA P. SARNE

Micro Project Guide Head of Department
Civil Engineering Department Civil Engineering Department
Shri Sai Polytechnic, chandrapur (M.S.) Shri Sai Polytechnic, chandrapur (M.S.)
 CONTENT
Sr.No. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION

2 AIM OF MICRO-PROJECT

3 COURSE OUTCOME
ACHIEVED
4 LITERATURE REVIEW

5 METHODOLOGY

6 RESOURCES

7 CONCLUSION

8 REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION

Flow parameters refer to the characteristics or properties that describe the behavior
of fluids, such as liquids or gases, in various situations. When introducing flow
parameters, you can start by explaining what flow parameters are and why they are
important. Here's an example of how you might introduce flow parameters:

"Flow parameters are fundamental characteristics that define how fluids, such as
liquids and gases, behave in different conditions. These parameters play a crucial
role in fields like engineering, physics, and environmental science, as they help us
understand and predict the behavior of fluids in various systems. Some key flow
parameters include velocity, pressure, viscosity, density, and flow rate, each of
which influences the fluid's movement and interactions within a given environment.
By studying these parameters, engineers and scientists can design efficient systems,
analyze fluid dynamics, and address challenges related to fluid flow in industries
ranging from aerospace to healthcare."
 Aims of Micro-Project

 “Prepare a report on types of flow.”

Course Outcomes Achieved

 Use relevant fluid flow parameters in different situations.

 LITERATURE REVIEW

What are the different types of flow in pipe?

1. Steady and unsteady flows
2. Uniform and non-uniform flows
3. Laminar and turbulent flows
4. Rotational and irrotational flows
5. Compressible and incompressible flows

1.0 Steady and unsteady flows:

Steady flows refer to fluid motion where the velocity and other flow parameters at any given
point in the flow field do not change with time. On the other hand, unsteady flows are
characterized by varying flowparameters over time at a particular point in the flow field.

Steady flows are often easier to analyze mathematically because the equations governing the
flow remain constant with time, leading to simpler solutions. In contrast, unsteady flows
require consideration of time- dependent variations in flow parameters, making the analysis
more complex.

Examples of steady flows include flow through pipes under constant pressure, while
examples ofunsteady flows include the flow generated by a sudden opening or closing
of a valve in a pipe.
Initial State:
Valve closed
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
…………………..
After valve opening:
-------------------> Flow direction changes
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
-----------------------> Flow
2.0 Uniform and non-uniform flows ;
Uniform flow refers to a fluid motion where the velocity of the fluid at any given point in the flow
field remains constant over time and does not vary across different sections of the flow. On the other
hand, non-uniform flow is characterized by variations in velocity across different points in the flow
field or across different sections of the flow.

Uniform Flow:

In uniform flow, the velocity of the fluid is the same at all points in the flow field. This type of
flow is typically idealized and is often used in basic fluid mechanics analyses. Here is a diagram
illustrating uniform flow in a pipe:

Non-Uniform Flow:

In non-uniform flow, the velocity of the fluid varies at different points in the flow field or
across different sections of the flow. This can be caused by various factors such as changes in the
cross-sectional area of the flow, presence ofobstacles, or variations in pressure. Here is a diagram
illustrating non-uniform flow in a channel with varying velocity profiles:

Varying velocity profile across the channel These diagrams help visualize the differences
between uniform and non-uniform flows based on velocityvariations within the flow field.
3.0 Laminar and turbulent flows ;

Laminar and turbulent flows are two distinct types of fluid motion characterized by different flow
patterns and behavior. Here's an explanation of each:

Laminar Flow:
Laminar flow is a smooth, orderly flow characterized by fluid layers moving in parallel
without significant mixing between layers. This type of flow typically occurs at low velocities
or in viscous fluids where the flow is not disturbed by external factors. Laminar flow is
characterized by predictable flow patterns and can be described usingsimplified mathematical
models such as Poiseuille's law for flow through a pipe. Here is a diagram illustrating laminar
flow in a pipe:

Turbulent Flow:
Turbulent flow is characterized by chaotic, irregular fluid motion with mixing and eddies
occurring throughout the flow field. This type of flow typically occurs at higher velocities or in
situations where the flow is disturbed by obstacles, changes in geometry, or high Reynolds
numbers. Turbulent flow is less predictable than laminar flow and is characterized by
fluctuations in velocity, pressure, and other flow parameters. Here is a diagram illustrating
turbulent flow in a pipe:

Flow direction with turbulence These diagrams visually represent the differences between
laminar and turbulent flows based ontheir flow patterns and characteristics.
 4.0 Rotational and irrotational flows:
Rotation and irrotational flows are concepts related to the behavior of fluid particles in a flow
field withrespect to their angular motion. Here's an explanation of each:

Rotation Flow (Vertical Flow):

Rotation flow, also known as vortical flow, refers to fluid motion where the fluid particles have
angularmotion or rotation about their own axes as they move through the flow field. In rotation flow,
vortices or swirls are present in the flow, and the flow field exhibits rotational motion. This type of
flow is common in situations where there are rotational forces or vortices present, such as in
tornadoes, hurricanes, or in the wake of a rotating object. Here is a simplified diagram illustrating
rotation flow with vortices line is cold the valves may have been closed. which means it does not
create thermal blinding Thermal binding has been prevented through the help of Freedom of
movement of the disk. When a whenevera line is get heated by fluid and expand.

Irrotational Flow:
Irrotational flow refers to fluid motion where the fluid particles do not exhibit any angular
motion or rotation about their own axes as they move through the flow field. In irrotational flow,
the flow field is smooth and lacks any vortices or swirls. This type of flow is common in many
fluid dynamics applications and can be described using potential flow theory, where the flow is
governed by velocity potential functions. Here is a simplified diagram illustrating irrotational
flow:

These diagrams visually represent the differences between rotation (vertical) flow and irrotational
flow basedon the presence or absence of vortices and angular motion in the flow field.
 5.0 Compressible and incompressible flows:
Compressible and incompressible flows are terms used to describe how fluids respond to changes in
pressure and density within a flow field. Here's an explanation of each:

Compressible Flow:
In incompressible flow, the density of the fluid remains constant throughout the flow field,
regardless of changes in pressure or velocity. This type of flow is typically observed in liquids or
gases at low velocities and under conditions where the density variations are negligible. In
incompressible flow, changes in pressure and velocity are inversely related according to Bernoulli's
principle, which states that an increase in fluid velocity is accompanied by a decrease in pressure,
andvice versa. Here is a simplified diagram illustrating incompressible flow in a pipe:

In compressible flow:
The density of the fluid can change significantly in response to changes in pressure and velocity.
This type of flow is observed in gases or fluids at high velocities, where density changes become
significant due to compression or expansion effects. In compressible flow, changes in pressure and
velocity are no longer inversely related as in incompressible flow. Instead, the compressibility of
the fluid plays a crucial role in determining flow behavior. Here is a simplified diagram illustrating
compressible flow:

These diagrams visually represent the differences between compressible and incompressible flows
based onhow they respond to changes in pressure, velocity, and density within the flow field.
 METHODOLOGY

1) We have prepared proposal of micro-project.

2) We have collected required resources.

3) We have prepared report as per guidance of subject teacher.

RESOURCES

Sr. No Name of material Specification Qty

1. Laptop HP 01

2. Books Hydraulics 01

3. Internet Wikipedia As per required

CONCLUSION

Flow parameters in fluid dynamics include velocity, pressure, density, viscosity, and
temperature. These parameters dictate the behavior and characteristics of fluid flow, such as
speed, resistance to flow, and thermal effects. Understanding and controlling these
parameters are crucial for various applications, from designing efficient fluid systems to
predicting flow behavior in different scenarios.
 REFERENCE

 https://www.theprocesspiping.com/introduction-to-valves/

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve

 Book

 Techmax