COHO + MELC QUAWS

Course Outline & Hand-outs

LEARNING WORKSHEET No. _1_
paired with MELC- Based
Quality Assured Learner’s in General Mathematics
Worksheet

Name: _________________________________ Grade & Section: _________________________

Teacher: _______________________________ Date Submitted: __________________________

MELC: represents real-life situations using functions, including piecewise functions M11GM-IA-1

Objectives:
Represents real-life situations using functions.
Represents real-life situations using piece-wise functions.
Lesson/Topic: Representing Real-life Situations Using Functions
Quarter No. _1_ Week No. _1_ Day: _1_
Reference/Source: General Mathematics LM pp. 1,5,8

A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called domain) to a second set of
values (called the range). The elements of the domain can be imagined as input to a machine
that applies a rule to these inputs to a machine that applies a rule to these inputs to generate
one or more outputs.

A function is a relation where each element in the domain (x values) is related to only one value
in the range (y values) by some rule. The elements of the domain can be imagined as input to a
machine that applies a rule so that each input corresponds to only one output. A function is a set
of ordered pairs ( x , y ) such that no two ordered pairs have the same x -value but different y -
values.

Functions as Representations of Real-life Situations

Functions can often be used to model real situations. Identifying an appropriate function model
will lead to a better understanding of various phenomena.

Example: Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x meal if one meal costs ₱ 40.
Solution: Since each meal costs ₱ 40, then the costs function is C ( x )=40 x .

Piecewise Functions

Some situations can only be described by more than one formula, depending on the value of the
independent variable. A piecewise function is a function that is defined on a sequence of
intervals. Examine the following example:

Problem: A user is charged of ₱300 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes 100
free text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charged ₱1 each. Represent the amount a
consumer pays each month as a function of the number of messages m sent in a month.
Solution: Let t (m) represents the amount paid by the consumer each month. It can be
expressed by the piecewise function: t ( m ) ={ 300 if 0<m ≤100
300+(m−100)if m>100

As you have noticed, there are two intervals in this piecewise function. In the first one, the user
will be charged ₱300 if the number of text messages is from 1 to 100. In the second one, the
user will be charged ₱300 plus ₱1 for every excess of the number of text messages from its free
its free 100 text messages.

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Here’s another example:

Problem: A certain chocolate bar costs ₱ 35.00 erpiece. However, if you buy more than 10
pieces, they will be marked down to a price of ₱ 32.00 . Use a piecewise function to represent the
cost in terms of the number of chocolate bars function.

Solution: f ( n )={35 n ,if 0<n ≤ 10

32 n , if n>10

Activity No. 1: A LIFE WITH FUNCTIONS

Directions: Determine the functions of the following situations.
1. Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x books if that certain book costs ₱ 95.

2. Give a function L that can represent the number of liters of x alcohol bottle if each bottle has 2
liters of alcohol.

MELC: evaluates a function M11GM-Ia-2

Objective:
 Evaluate a function.
Lesson/Topic: Evaluating Functions
Quarter No. _1_ Week No. _1_ Day: _2_
Reference/Source: General Mathematics LM pp. 10-12

Evaluating Functions
Evaluating a function means replacing the variable in the function, in this case x , with the value
from the function’s domain and computing for the result. To denote that we are evaluating f at a
for some a in the domain of f , we write f (a).

Examples:
1. Evaluate the following functions at x=1.5 :
a. f ( x )=2 x +1
solution: f ( x )=2 x +1
f ( 1.5 )=2 ( 1.5 ) +1
¿4

b. q ( x )=x 2−2 x +2
solution: q ( x )=x 2−2 x +2
2
q ( 1.5 )=( 1.5 ) −2 ( 1.5 ) +2

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 ¿ 2.25−3+2
¿ 1.25

c. g ( x )=√ x+1
solution: g ( x )=√ x+1
g ( 1.5 )= √1.5+1
¿ √ 2.5

2. Find f (0) in f ( x )=x −2.

solution: f ( x )=x −2
f ( 0 )=0−2
¿−2
Activity No. 1: EVALUATE ME!

Directions: Evaluate the following functions:

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A. Given f ( x )= , find the following values:
x
1. f (1) 2. f (2)

3. f (−1) 4. f ( √ 2)

B. Evaluate the following functions at x=2.

5. f ( x )=x −3 6. g ( x )=x 2−3 x+5

2
x +1 4 x−7
7. p ( x )= 8. g ( x )=
x−4 x +2

MELC: performs addition,subtraction,multiplication,division,and composition of functions M11GM-Ia-3

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Objective:
 Perform addition of functions.
 Perform subtraction of functions.
 Perform multiplication of function.
 Perform division of functions.
 Perform composition of functions.
Lesson/Topic: Operation on Function
Quarter No. _1_ Week No. _1_ Day: _3_
Reference/Source: General Mathematics LM pp. 13-18

Operations on Functions

Definition. Let f and g be functions.

1. Their sum, denoted by f +g , is the function denoted by

( f +g ) ( x ) =f ( x )+ g (x).

2. Their difference, denoted by f −g, is the function denoted by

( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g (x).

3. Their product, denoted by f ∙ g, is the function denoted by

( f ∙ g ) (x )=f (x)∙ g( x).

f
4. Their quotient, denoted by , is the function denoted by
g
f
g()( x )=
f (x )
g (x)

Examples:
Directions: Perform the indicated operations.
f ( x )=x +3 p ( x )=2 x −7 v ( x )=x 2 +5 x+ 4 2
g ( x ) x +2 x −8

1. ( v+ g )( x )
( v+ g )( x )=v ( x ) + g ( x )
¿ ( x 2 +5 x + 4 ) + ( x 2+2 x−8 )
2 2
¿ x + 5 x + 4+ x +2 x −8
2
¿ 2 x +7 x−4

2. ( f ∙ p ) ( x )
( f ∙ g ) ( x )=f ( x ) ∙ g ( x )
¿ ( x +3 ) ( 2 x−7 )
2
¿ 2 x −x−21

3. ( p−f ) ( x )
( p−f ) ( x )= p ( x )−f ( x )
¿ ( 2 x−7 )− ( x+3 )
¿ 2 x−7−x −3
¿ x−10

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4. ( vg ) ( x )
( vg ) ( x )= vg (( xx ))
2
x +5 x+ 4
¿ 2
x +2 x−8

Composite function

Definition. Let f and g be functions. The composite function denoted by (f ∘ g) is defined by

(f ∘ g)(x)=f (g(x )) .

The process of obtaining a composite function is called function composition.

Examples: (use the functions below for our examples)

f ( x )=2 x +1 g ( x )=√ x+1 2

q ( x )=x −2 x +2

1. ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) =¿
( g ∘ f ) ( x ) =g ( f ( x ) )
¿ √ f ( x ) +1
¿ √ ( 2 x +1 ) +1
¿ √ 2 x +2

2. ( q ∘ f )( x )=¿
( q ∘ f )( x )=q ( f ( x ) )
2
¿ [ f ( x ) ] −2 [ f ( x ) ] +2
2
¿ ( 2 x+1 ) −2 ( 2 x +1 ) +2
¿ ( 4 x 2+ 4 x +1 )−4 x−2+2
2
¿ 4 x +1

Activity No. 1: PERFORM AND OPERATE

Directions: Perform the indicated operation.
Let f and g be defined as f ( x )=x −5 and g ( x )=x 2−1. Find:

1. f +g 2. f −g

3. f ∙ g f
4.
g

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 5. f ∘ g

MELC: The learner solves problems involving functions M11GM-Ia-4

Objectives:
 Solves problems involving functions.
Lesson/Topic: Solving Problems Involving Functions
Quarter No. _1_ Week No. _1_ Day: _4_
Reference/Source: General Mathematics LM pp. 19-20

With the help of the previous lesson, we can now try to solve problems that involve functions.

Let us have the following example:

Problem/Situation: Suppose that N ( x )=x denotes the number of shirts sold by a shop, and the
selling price per shirt is given by p ( x )=250−5 x , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 20. Find (N ∙ p)(x ) and describe what it
means.

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Solution:
( N ∙ p )( x )=N (x )∙ p( x )
¿(x )(250−5 x )
2
¿ 250 x−5 x ( 0 ≤ x ≤20)
Since this function is the product of the quantity sold and the selling price, then (N ∙ p)(x )
represents the revenue earned by the company.

Suppose a customer bought 14 shirts, how much revenue did the shop earn?
To answer, we will use the equation we obtain a while ago and we are going to evaluate it using
the number of shirts sold.
( N ∙ p )( x )=250 x−5 x 2
( N ∙ p )( 14 )=250 ( 14 )−5 ( 14 )2
¿ 3500−5 ( 196 )
¿ 3500−980
¿ 2520
Thus, the shop earned ₱ 2520 after a customer bought 14 shirts.
Activity No. 1: INVOLVE ME!
Directions: Answer the following:

Problem/Situation: Suppose that N ( x )=x denotes the number of bags sold by a shop, and the
selling price per bag is given by p ( x )=320−8 x , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 10. Suppose further that the cost of
producing x bags is given by c ( x )=200 x .

a. Find (N ∙ p)(x ). b. What does (N ∙ p)(x ) represents?

c. Find (N ∙ p−C)(x ). d. What does (N ∙ p−C)(x ) represents?

e. Suppose an entrepreneur will buy 7 bags, f. Suppose an entrepreneur will buy 7 bags,
how much revenue will they earn? how much profit will they earn?

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