TECNICO EN OPTOMETRIA GRUPO 2

•Clinton Armando Cortez Leiva

Cod. De Estudiante: CL3121012022
Adriana Lissette Alfaro Reyes
•

Cod. De Estudiante: AR3159012022

Erick Rene Sorto Rodríguez

•

Cod. De Estudiante: SR2899012022

 INDEX

In t r o d u c t i o n ............................................................................................. 3
Pr e s e n t S i m p l e .................................................................................... 4
The Structures of Simple Present Tense ............................. 4
Pr e s e n t C o n t i n u o u s ....................................................................... 7
The Structure of The Present Continuous: .......................... 7
W e b R e f e r e n c e s ................................................................................ 10

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 In t r o d u c t i o n

In this document we will introduce you to

the present simple and the present
continuous, trying to explain in the clearest
way what these topics are about and the
ways to use them to achieve greater
understanding and control of this super
useful language.

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 Present Simple

The Present Simple tense is the most basic tense in English and uses the
base form of the verb (except for the verb be). The only change from the
base is the addition of s for third person singular.

Simple Present Tense indicates an action which happens in the present,

but it isn’t necessary for actions to happen right now. Simple present tense
indicates, unchanging situations, general truths, scientific facts, habits,
fixed arrangements and frequently occurring events.

The Structures of Simple Present Tense

Present Simple Tense with “TO BE” (am/is/are)

• S + am/is/are + predicate…

Example:
• He is a doctor.

POSITIVE FORMS (+):

• Subject (He, She, It) + VERB – S / ES / IES

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Examples:

• I prefer my coffee black.

• She puts the keys on the table.

NEGATIVE FORMS (-):

• Subject (I, You, We, They) + do not / don’t + V1 ( First Form of Verb)
• Subject (He, She, It ) + does not / doesn’t + V1 ( First Form of Verb )

Examples:

• My mother does not (doesn’t) let me go out with my friends.

• I do not (don’t) prefer my coffee black.

QUESTION FORMS (?):

• Do + Subject (I, You, We, They) + V1 (First Form of Verb)

• Does + Subject (He, She, It) + V1 (First Form of Verb )

Examples:

• Does your mother let you go out with your friends?

• Do you prefer your coffee black?

ATTENTION:
1. In Simple Present Tense, we add the suffix -s at the end of the verbs
for the third singular subjects (He, She, It) . On the other hand, we use
first forms of the verbs for other subjects (I, You, We, You, They).

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2. Although we add the suffix -s at the end of the verb for the third
singular subjects in positive sentences, we remove the suffix -s at the
end of the verb in questions and negative sentences because of being
used ‘does’ or ‘doesn’t’ as an auxiliary verb.

• To most regular verbs, add an s’ at the end.

• To verbs that end in s’, ss’, sh’, ch’, th’, x’, z’, or o’, add an es’.
• To verbs that end in y’, drop the y’ and add ies’.

Affirmative Negative Question

I I am I am not Am i?

He/She/It He is He is not Is he?

You/We/They You are You are not Are you?

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 Present Continuous

The present continuous is one of the most used verbal tenses of the
present in English, the others are the present simple and the present
perfect, all of which can be used in both the indicative and subjunctive
moods.

The Present Continuous is the “here and now”. Unlike other conjugations
and types of present in English, this is the easiest. It is often confused with
the present simple. However, there are differences between the present
simple and continuous.

The Structure of The Present Continuous:

The formula (structure) of the present continuous is very simple:

Subject + am/are/is (verb to be) + verb ending in -ing.
As we can see, here the auxiliary verb does not receive any
transformation, since the one that changes is the main verb.

We can use the Present Continuous in 3 different forms:

POSITIVE FORMS (+):

Subject + am/are/is (verb to be) + verb ending in –ing. As we can see, here
the auxiliary verb does not receive any transformation, since the one that
changes is the main verb.

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Examples:
• They are talking about what they will do for the holidays
• I am making a cake for his birthday

NEGATIVE FORMS (-):

In negative sentences, the formula we use is Subject + auxiliary verb ‘to be’
+ NOT + Verb + ING.

Examples:
• I am not talking to Karen. I am angry.
• I am not feeling well.

INTERROGATIVE FORMS (-):

When asking questions, as in the negative form, we use the auxiliary to be

+ subject + verb ending in '-ing'.
Examples:
• Are they coming for dinner?
• Is he working on Saturdays?

Singular Plural
1st Person I am talking We are talking
2nd Person You are talking You are talking
3rd Person He / She / It is talking They are talking

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 Singular Plural
1st Person I am not talking We are not talking
2nd Person You are not talking You are not talking
3rd Person He / She / It is not talking They are not talking

Singular Plural
1st Person Am I talking? Are we talking?
2nd Person Are you talking? Are you talking?
3rd Person Is He / She / It talking? Are they talking?

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 Web References
• https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presente_continuo

• https://global-exam.com/blog/es/gramatica-en-ingles-presente-
continuo-reglas-de-uso-y-ejemplos-de-
frases/#:~:text=La%20f%C3%B3rmula%20(estructura)%20del%20prese
nte,%2B%20verbo%20acabado%20en%20%2Ding.

• https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-vector/english-grammar-
verb-be-present-simple-1351069730

• https://trucoslondres.com/aprender-ingles/gramatica/presente-
simple-
ingles/#:~:text=El%20presente%20simple%2C%20junto%20con,singular
%20it%2C%20she%20y%20he.

• https://www.inglessencillo.com/presente-simple

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