DCW30123

PILP AND PAPER TECHNOLOGY

SESSION 2 : 2021/2022

Freeness of pulp (CANADIAN STANDARD METHODE)

NAME MATRIK NO
WAN MUHD ZARUL MUQMIN BIN WAN MOHD 08DBK20F2020
MAHYUDIN
MOHD SYUKRI BIN NOR AZIZAN 08DBK20F2007
ARIF HAKIMI BIN ABDUL RAMAN 08DBK20F2012
AMIR HAQEEM BIN SAIFUL BAHRI 08DBK20F2006
MUHD HAIQAL BIN NOOR FAIZAL 08DBK20F2017

Lecturer;
Mr. Zullhyzrifee Ishraf Bin Zulkifly
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 Acknowledgment
In performing our assignment, it’s a successful one we had to take the help and guideline
from our lecture Mr. Zullhyzrifee Ishraf. First of all we grateful to Allah who gives us
sound mind & sound health to accomplish our assignment. The completion of the report
gives us much Pleasure. But it is not our credit in this endeavor.

Our group would like to thank our gratitude Mr. Zullhyzrifee Ishraf Bin Zulkifly Name,
Course Instructor, Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah , Selangor Malaysia for
giving us a good guideline for Pulp and Paper report.

Our group would like to thank, Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz shah, for updated
education system in Malaysia. Actually it was not possible for our group to complete a
severe task without such help. So we pray the long life and good health for all the persons
who have helped and co-operated us in our assignment report.

Introduction

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 Freeness is a measure of how quickly water is able to drain from a fiber furnish
sample. In many cases there is a correlation between freeness values and either a target level
of refining of pulp, or the ease of drainage of white water from the wet web, especially in the
early sections of a Fourdrinier former. Standard tests of freeness are based on gravity
dewatering through a screen. The devices are designed so that an operator can judge the
speed of dewatering by observing the volume of liquid collected in a graduated cylinder.
The freeness of pulp is designed to give a measure of the rate at which a dilute
suspension of pulp ) may be drained. The freeness, or drainage rate has been shown to be
related to the surface conditions and swelling of the fibers.
Besides these factors, the result is dependent also on conditions under which the test is
carried out, such as stock preparation, temperature, and water quality.

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 Theory
The resistance of a fiber mat to the flow of water is important property with respect to
pulp processing and papermaking. The classical method of determining this property in
North America is by means of the Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF).
The CSF is defined as the number of milliliters of water collected from the side orifice
of the standard tester when a pulp suspension drains through the screen plate at 0.3%
consistency and 20%.
Measurements of pulp drainage are known as freeness, slowness, wetness, or drain
time according to the instrument or method used. If a pulp drains rapidly, it is said to be
“free”. If it drains slowly, it is said to be “slow”

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 Machineries and Apparatus
1 Standard freeness of pulp

2 stop watch

3 Hand mixer

4 Petri dish

5 Container for diluted pulp

6 Graduated cylinder

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7 Glass measuring lab

8 Container for cold water

9 Thermometer

10 Spatula

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11 Calculator

12 Analytical balanced

13 cup

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 Materials and chemical

1 Secondary pulp

2 Ice cube

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 Procedure

1. 72.44 g of news paper pulp weight measure by analytical balance. (Weight is

determined by calculation).

2. Mix the weighted pulp into the 2000 ml (1.2% consistency) with cold water by using
hand mixer until 57 minutes 41 second.

3. 4000ml of water in a container and 1000ml in graduated cylinder prepared while the
disintegrator was running.

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4. Poured t he 4000ml of the water that have prepared earlier into the container filled
with the 1.2% of pulp stock from disintegrator.

5. The disintegrator container with 1000ml of water in graduated cylinder rinsed and
then the water poured into the same container filled of pulp stock. The consistency of
the stock is 0.34%.

6. The temperature of the pulp stock was taken.

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 Freeness testing
1. Thoroughly clean and wet the freeness tester with clean water at about 20℃.

2. Place the drainage chamber on the upper supporting bracket with its lower lid secured
and the air cock in the upper lid open.

3. Place the graduated cylinder in position to receive the discharge from the side orifice

4. Using the cup, thoroughly stir the stock in the bucket and accurately measure 1000ml
into clean 1 liter cylinder

5. Takes its temperature to the nearest 0.5℃. immediately pour the contents of the
cylinder gently into the chamber; close the top lid; close the air cock; open the bottom
lid and, after an interval of 5 seconds from the time that the addition of the stock is
completed, open the air cock to start the flow.
6. When the side discharge has ceased, record the volume discharged from the side
orifice.

7. If less than 1000ml, make readings to the nearest 1ml, from 100 to 250ml, to the
nearest 2ml, and over 250ml, to the nearest 5ml. . when necessary, adjust the observed
volume to the standard consistency of 0.3% and temperature of 20℃, by means of
corrections given in tables I and II for groundwood pulp or tables III and IV for
chemical pulp.

8. Calculated the actual volume discharged from

the side orifice by the tables given for correction the volume.

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 Result and discussion

Discussion
 If less than 100 ml, make readings to the nearest 1ml, from 100 to 300ml, to the
nearest 2 ml, and over 300ml, to the nearest 5ml, when necessary, adjust the observed
volume to the standard consistency of 0.3% and the temperature of 20℃, by means of
correction given in tables I and ii for ground wood pulp or tables iii and iv for
chemical pulp.
 Calculate the volume discharged from the side orifice by the table given for correction
to volume.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the freeness tester or slowness tester instruments have some serious
limitations, that some people in the paper industry are not aware. The pulp freeness result
usually employed far beyond what is really

References

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